BasicsBasicsofof

Design & Design & GraphicsGraphics

Course BJMC-107Course BJMC-107

Lecture-4Lecture-4

Ratan Mani LalRatan Mani Lal

GraphicsGraphics

By graphics is meant any object that is pictorial, illustrative or diagrammatic in nature that lends visual and decorative appeal to a chosen area

For journalism, that chosen area is the page of a newspaper or magazine or any print publication

Types of graphicsTypes of graphics

Photographs or pictures Illustrations Cartoons Sketches Art work Info-graphics Tables, charts & graphs

PhotographsPhotographs

Photographs are as essential part of media exercise as text

Routine and regular use of photographs in newspapers is quite recent, computerization made it easier

Role of creativity much greater today

Almost everything is possible with photographs

Some examplesSome examples Photographs on newspaper pages

Kind of photographsKind of photographs

Personality picturesPersonality pictures

Stock picturesStock pictures

Live or action picturesLive or action pictures

Representational picturesRepresentational pictures

Personality picturesPersonality pictures These pictures are of well-known

personalities in different fields that may be featured on certain relevant occasions

AvailabilityAvailability Most media houses keep a stock of

pictures about eminent personalities at various stages of their lives, since these might be required to be used in case of their winning an award or worse, in case of their demise

The role of the make-up editor is to select the most suitable picture to go with an item concerning that personality

Stock picturesStock pictures These are pictures of occasions, places

and events kept in stock

Note of cautionNote of caution

Care has to be taken to ensure that the photographs are updated regularly to reflect the changing realities

Such picture as a rule must have a relevant caption that makes it clear how old the picture is or which occasion is being shown

Live or action picturesLive or action pictures

These are pictures that are taken on the day of a happening and are used the same day

These may be of a meeting, proceedings of an association, a demonstration, procession or agitation, a campaign, a cultural event, a sports event, a parade and so on

Some examplesSome examples A chief minister riding a cycle A press conference

Selection criteriaSelection criteria

Importance of event, clarity, timing, direction or orientation, composition and the characters included in it

A caption is a must to go along with the photograph

Selected action pictures are generally kept in store for later use as stock pictures

Representational picturesRepresentational pictures These pictures are used along with special

features or even regular news items, to provide visual relief or just an illustration to explain a point

Some precautionsSome precautions

Generally the people featuring in the pictures should not appear to be posing for the photographs

In case of photographs of meetings, public appearances, conferences etc. photographers take special care to click when the subject is not looking into the camera

IllustrationsIllustrations

An illustration is an artist’s creation, made to depict either a theme or a combination of elements

An illustration would generally be used with a feature or article

SketchSketch The subject matter in a sketch would

generally be of an individual or a theme that is made on abstract lines

CartoonCartoon

These are caricature drawings that twist the features of an individual or a situation to create humour

Cartoons in the digital eraCartoons in the digital era

With the advent of computer-assisted all-colour drawing, most artists now draw a cartoon on paper, then get it

There is also a much greater possibility of creating distortions, thereby coming up with funnier cartoons

Distortion as an artDistortion as an art The important thing with cartoons

is not the degree of distortion, but the depiction of an unusual feature in the face or personality of the individual who is the subject of the cartoon

Cartoons can also be made on a relevant occasion but are kept in stock, lest a requirement may arise again

Art workArt work An art work is a piece of work in which

multiple and diverse elements are used to create a message, advertisement or an accompanying picture with an article

In newspapers, an art-work is generally prepared by artists who are either part of the team or whose services are obtained for small periods

In most cases, an art work is date-specific creation and therefore the same piece can not be used repeatedly

Info-graphicsInfo-graphics

It is the combination of information given along with graphics

Usually, some statistical data could be given in integration with a visual

These adds value to an item since uninteresting figures can be reproduced in an interesting fashion

Tables, charts & graphsTables, charts & graphs These are statistical items that can

be used as single entities also Such a use is preferred when the

statistical information is small, running three rows and two columns

Obviously the information to be given out would not be bulky, and therefore it s given in simple tables or charts

Using graphicsUsing graphics

The number of graphics is kept limited to avoid the pages looking cluttered with all sorts of elements

The creation of illustrations and info-graphics is not overdone, for the sake of showing creativity. The impact of such over-dose is just the opposite

Some precautionsSome precautions

A graphic, other than a photograph, is generally not used in case of a report on a serious subject. Instead, just a personality picture or a map – as the case may be – are considered for use

A sense of balance is maintained in using two or more graphics on one page, so that the page does not become lop-sided or top-heavy

Special effectsSpecial effects SuperimpositionSuperimposition is the use of one

graphic element over another either fully or partially, producing a dramatic effect

Sequence photographsSequence photographs are those in which a live action sequence is photographed in quick succession with a high speed camera, and the result is several pictures in a sequence

In multiple exposuresIn multiple exposures the same spot is filmed for a period of time and the changes coming about at that point over a period of time are photographed on the same film or frame

Use of graphics on the WebUse of graphics on the Web

Some factors are;

•SizeSize

•SuitabilitySuitability

•ResolutionResolution

•Colour preferencesColour preferences

Surfers’ choiceSurfers’ choice

Web users do not pause for long at a site, therefore the size and resolution should be kept limited

Some dark colours are generally avoided on Web products because they the users have to peer into a screen to see them

Use of videos, animations etc. open further choices

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