Beginning of WWIIBeginning of WWII

Chapter 19 Section 2Chapter 19 Section 2

Opposing SidesOpposing Sides Axis PowersAxis Powers

• GermanyGermany• ItalyItaly• JapanJapan• Austria and BulgariaAustria and Bulgaria

Allied PowersAllied Powers• Great BritainGreat Britain• FranceFrance• USSRUSSR• United StatesUnited States

Germany Takes Poland

September 1, 1939 – German forces invade Poland• Blitzkrieg – “lightening war” – using

tanks supported by planes then sending in troops to hold the conquered territory

Europe was shocked w/ the Germany’s speed and efficiency

• Poland surrendered w/i 4 weeks Germany and the Soviets divided Poland

German Domination April 1940 – German forces took over

Denmark and Norway May 1940 – Germany invaded Belgium,

Luxembourg, and the Netherlands• Main assault through Luxembourg and the

Ardennes Forest Getting from Germany into France Germans broke through and raced across

Northern France

Taking over France would be next!

Fall of France (1940) Maginot Line

• Line of concrete bunkers and fortifications the French built after WWI

Along the German-French border

Hitler went around the Maginot Line and attacked from the Belgium-French border• Trapped French and British troops on the

beaches of Dunkirk Small town in N. France near Belgian border

Miracle at Dunkirk (1940) As German troops were closing in

on Dunkirk Hitler put a 3 day delay on German troops• This delay allowed 338,000 Allied troops

to evacuate (mostly British) Evacuation done by the British Royal Navy and

civilians in private boats

• The Allies left b/h tons of ammo, rifles, and vehicles

France Surrenders June 22, 1940

• Hitler accepts the French surrender • Hitler expected Britain to negotiate for

peace after France surrenderedThey did not!

• Hitler orders an invasion of Britain

The United StatesThe United States

Franklin D. Roosevelt = US PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt = US President• The US follows strict isolationismThe US follows strict isolationism

Roosevelt disagrees w/ Germany’s actions, Roosevelt disagrees w/ Germany’s actions, but the US still wants to be neutralbut the US still wants to be neutral

After WWI we do not want to be brought in a After WWI we do not want to be brought in a war we have no interest inwar we have no interest in

• 1941 – US eventually b/g to supply 1941 – US eventually b/g to supply Britain w/ food, ships, planes, etcBritain w/ food, ships, planes, etc

We stop practicing strict isolationismWe stop practicing strict isolationism

Battle of Britain Luftwaffe – German air force

• Launched a major attack on Britain• German planes bombed British air and

naval bases, harbors, and war industries• Germany accidently bombs London

In retaliation, Britain bombs Berlin Hitler is furious! His new strategy is massive

bombings of British cities• Hitler wants to break the morale of the British people,

but he fails! British use newly developed radar to intercept

German aircraft• Hitler eventually cancels the invasion of Britain

Operation BarbarossaOperation Barbarossa June 1941 – Germany invades the June 1941 – Germany invades the

Soviet UnionSoviet Union• Stalin is shocked!Stalin is shocked!

This attack ends the Nazi-Soviet PactThis attack ends the Nazi-Soviet Pact USSR joins the AlliesUSSR joins the Allies

• Hitler b/l the Soviets could be defeated b/f Hitler b/l the Soviets could be defeated b/f the winter set in, he was wrong!the winter set in, he was wrong!

Russians lost 2 ½ million soldiersRussians lost 2 ½ million soldiers Thousands of Germans froze to deathThousands of Germans froze to death

• No winter uniforms – Hitler thought Soviets would be No winter uniforms – Hitler thought Soviets would be defeated b/f winter camedefeated b/f winter came

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor December 7, 1941 – Japanese forces December 7, 1941 – Japanese forces

attack US naval base at Pearl Harborattack US naval base at Pearl Harbor• Pearl Harbor in Hawaiian IslandsPearl Harbor in Hawaiian Islands• Why?Why?

Economic sanctions US put on JapanEconomic sanctions US put on Japan

• Attack on Pearl Harbor forces the US to Attack on Pearl Harbor forces the US to join in WWII (join the Allies)join in WWII (join the Allies)

“…“…December 7, 1941 – a date which will live December 7, 1941 – a date which will live in infamy…”in infamy…”

Same day – Japan launches attacks Same day – Japan launches attacks on the US controlled Philippineson the US controlled Philippines

Pearl Harbor, 12-7-41Pearl Harbor, 12-7-41