behavior-based safety for supervisors

BEHAVIOR - SLIDE 1 OF 72Edited by J. Satti for RGX Project

WELCOME

CMS&A SAFETY TRAINING

BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETYTRAINING FOR SUPERVISORS


YOUR INSTRUCTOR

Satti Jamshed


All Employees

Safety Committees

Corporate Managers

Department Managers

First Line Supervisors

Accident Investigation Team Members

COURSE ATTENDEES


BASIS FOR THIS COURSE

Statistically, safe attitudes result in accident prevention. Safe attitudes result in safe behaviors at work. Development of improved safe attitudes toward work. Elimination of workplace injuries & illnesses where possible. Reduction of workplace injuries & illnesses where possible. Safety Standards require:

Training be conducted Workplace Hazards be assessed Hazards and precautions be explained Accidents be investigated Job Hazards be assessed and controlled


COURSE OBJECTIVES

2

Discuss the Company’s safety policy.

Discuss supervisor responsibilities.

Discuss the concepts of behavior - based safety.

Discuss methods and techniques used to protect workers.


ABOUT THIS COURSE

This course is intended to provide supervisors with an overview of the concepts of behavior based safety. This training will aid significantly those supervisors who have not used these techniques in their day-to-day duties and responsibilities in the past.


COMPANY SAFETY POLICY

The personal safety and health of each employee on this project is of primary importance. The prevention of occupationally-induced injuries and illnesses is of such consequence that it will be given precedence over operating productivity whenever necessary. To the greatest degree possible, this company will provide all mechanical and physical facilities required for personal safety and health in keeping with the highest standards.


REGULATORY STANDARDTHE GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE

EMPLOYERS MUST: Furnish a place of employment free of recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees.


INITIAL TRAINING

Train in Safety Related Work Practices.

Conduct Training Prior to Job Assignment.

Explain The Specific Regulations That Apply.

Teach The Local Hazard Reporting Procedures.

Explain The Hazards Associated with Their Work Area.

THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING:

LESSON PLAN----------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------


REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A:

New Work Area Hazard. Program Related Injury. Change in Job Assignment. New Equipment Introduced. New Hazard Control Methods. Failure in Written Work Procedures. Failure in the Safety Work Practices. Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency.

RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS


BEHAVIORAL-BASED SAFETYIS IMPORTANT

Improve Quality. Improve Absenteeism. Maintain a Healthier Work Force. Reduce Injury and Illness Rates. Acceptance of High-Turnover Jobs. Workers Feel Good About Their Work. Reduce Workers’ Compensation Costs. Elevate SAFETY to a Higher Level of Awareness.

A GOOD PROGRAM WILL HELP:

SAFETYSTATISTICS


PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

DEDICATION PERSONAL INTEREST MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

IMPLEMENTATION OF A BEHAVIOR- BASED SAFETY PROGRAM REQUIRES:

NOTE:

UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORT FROM THE WORK FORCEIS ESSENTIAL, WITHOUT IT THE PROGRAM WILL FAIL!


RESPONSIBILITY IS IMPORTANT

EFFECTIVE ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY

AUTHORITY & ACCOUNTABILITY

LABOR FORCE

SUPERVISION

MGMT.TWO WAY STREET


WHAT IS BEHAVIOR - BASED SAFETY?

Behavior-based safety is a safety management system that specifies exactly which behaviors are required from each employee. These behaviors are geared toward a safer work environment. The system must have controls in place which will measure whether or not these behaviors exist as a routine element in the work environment. Acceptable behaviors must be positively reinforced frequently and immediately as the behavior occurs.

CMS&A Safety Training


MANAGEMENT’S ROLE

Considerations:

1. Get Involved. Learn! 2. Ensure Your Support Is Visible.3. Support the Program.4. Implement Ways to Measure Effectiveness.5. Attend the Same Training As Your Workers.6. Interact With Your Workers. 7. Insist on Periodic Follow-up & Program Review.8. Follow-up on the Actions You Took.


THE SUPERVISOR’S ROLE

Considerations:

1. Get Involved. 2. Get Your Workers Involved. 3. Never Ridicule Any Injury or Near Miss.4. Be Positive, Motivate, and Reward. 5. Find Ways to Measure Behavior.6. Attend the Same Training As Your Workers. 7. Be Proactive - Get Involved in Safety.8. Be Professional - You Could Save a Life Today. 9. Follow-up on the Actions You Took.


THE SUPERVISORS PRIMARY JOB:

Control the work environment. Enforce existing work rules. Constantly reassess conditions. Improve the system or process. Involve employees. Bring safety concerns to management. Serve as company liaison.

SUPERVISOR RESPONSIBILITIES


THE SUPERVISOR MUST:

Know the training needs of his or her workers. Be aware of changing conditions requiring new training. Be constantly aware of safety conditions in the workplace. Ensure workers are included in the safety process. Solicit ideas for safety improvements from workers. Interact closely with the Company Safety Officer. Halt any operation where personal injury could result.

Regarding Safety Training!

SUPERVISOR RESPONSIBILITIESContinued



Treat all “Near Misses” as an accident. Report it. Investigate the cause. Determine corrective measures. Update and annotate! Follow up to ensure compliance.

Regarding Near Misses!


ACCIDENTLOG

Continued



Act as a conduit, upward and downward. Act as a filter, use your experience. Inform the sender if you change the message. Be proactive, look for problems. Be thorough, follow up on the actions you took. Ask your employees to ensure comprehension. If it doesn’t make sense to you. It won’t to your people.

Regarding Flow of Safety Information!



ELIMINATE BEHAVIOR THAT IS DRIVEN BY:

LACK OF -

Appropriate Safety Training. Knowledge of Personal Responsibility. Knowledge of Safety Procedures. Knowledge of Safety Information. Knowledge of Machines or Equipment. Knowledge of Facility Operations.


WHAT’S LEFT, IDEALLY IS ATTITUDINAL, WHICH DRIVES BEHAVIOR


SUPERVISOR

RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

DELEGATIONAUTHORITY


Regarding Your Ability to Supervise!

Continued


RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

AUTHORITY



REMOVE ANY ONE AND YOU CANNOT EFFECTIVELY SUPERVISE

Continued


RESPONSIBILITY

Safety is one of your specific duties. You are responsible for controlling your work area. You must be knowledgeable of your responsibilities. AUTHORITY is needed to carry out responsibilities.


Regarding Your Ability to Supervise!ACCIDENT

LOG

Continued


AUTHORITY

Authority is absolutely critical. Authority must be commensurate with responsibility. Authority allows you to take action. Authority allows you to correct deficiencies. Authority must be controlled. ACCOUNTABILITY is needed to control Authority.



Continued


ACCOUNTABILITY

Accountability is the check and balance. Accountability must be appropriate. Accountability measures compliance. Accountability must be used in consonance with

Responsibility and Authority.


Regarding Your Ability to Supervise!ACCIDENT

LOG

Continued


TO VARYING DEGREES ALL EMPLOYEES HAVE:

RESPONSIBILITIES,AUTHORITY

AND ARE ACCOUNTABLE FOR SAFETY.



THE EMPLOYEE’S ROLE

Considerations:

1. Get Involved.

2. Contribute to Make Corrective Actions.

3. Understand How Your Behavior Affects Job Safety.

4. Report All Accidents and Near-Misses Immediately.

5. Be Proactive and Professional.

6. Report All Safety Problems or Deficiencies.

7. Follow-up With Any Additional Information.

8. Understand the Reason Work Must be Observed.

SAFETY


Document Meetings. Encourage Employee Involvement. Provide Feedback Without Fear of Reprisal. Make Recommendations for Corrective Action. Analyze Statistical Data Concerning Accidents. Hold Regular Safety Review Meetings. Bring Employee Concerns to Management's Attention. Follow-up Is Critical.

SAFETY COMMITTEE

Safety Committees Should:


WORKSITE ANALYSIS

WORKSITE ANALYSIS INCLUDES:

1. Gathering Behavior Information From Available Sources.

2. Observing Behavior of Employees During Varying Conditions.

3. Developing Lists of Acceptable Behavior for Specific Jobs.

4. Conducting Baseline Screening Surveys to Determine Which Jobs Are High Risk and Need a Closer Analysis.

5. Performing Job Hazard Analyses of High Risk Jobs.

6. After Implementing Control Measures, Conducting Periodic Surveys and Follow-up to Evaluate Changes in Behavior.


Accident Records Behavior Observations Production Records Personnel Records Employee Surveys Policies and Procedures

SAFETYSTATISTICS

WORKSITE ANALYSISContinued

TANGIBLE INDICATORS:


BEHAVIOR PRINCIPLES

Behavior Is What a Person Does or Says. What Causes a Person to Take This Particular Behavior or Course of Action Depends On Other Influencing Factors. Attitude and Situational Conditions Cause The Particular Behavior.

WHAT IS BEHAVIOR?


BEHAVIOR PRINCIPLES

Motivation. Intelligence. Emotions. Experience. Attitude Situational Conditions.

What Influences Behavior?

What Else Can You Think Of?

Desire Need. Abilities. Skills. Ambition.

Continued


BEHAVIOR PRINCIPLES

Determine What Motivates The Behavior.

-- Lack of Training?

-- Working Conditions?

-- Personal Problems? Work-Related Problem? - Try and Fix It. Personal Problem? - Work Within Company Resources Find Positive Ways To Discourage Unacceptable Behavior.

When The Reason For Behavior is Not Known.

Continued


OBSERVING BEHAVIOR

OBSERVING BEHAVIOR

Behavior Must Be Observed to Begin to Understand Current Behavior and Develop Lists of Acceptable (Safe) Behaviors. The Lists of Acceptable Behavior Will Be Used in Determining Safe Behaviors in the Future.


To Effectively Observe Behavior:

1. Establish Criteria For Observations.2. Observe Workers Frequently at Various Work Times. 3. Observe Workers For a Few Minutes Each Time.4. Employees Should Know They Are Being Observed.5. Employees Should Know Their Behavior is Recorded.6. Know the Safe Behaviors You Are Looking For.7. Develop a Checklist If Necessary. 8. Constantly Compile and Compare Observations.9. Follow-up on Observations.

OBSERVING BEHAVIORContinued


ACCIDENTLOG

REMEMBER

Someone Is Always New or Young or Unfamiliar With Why They Are Being Observed. Determining Safe Behaviors Is a Never-Ending Process. Your List of Safe Behaviors Will Vary by Job or Department and Will Change As Work Conditions or Equipment Change.



EXAMPLES OF SAFE BEHAVIORS - FORKLIFT SAFETY


• Approaches load slowly and straight-on• Stops when forks are about a foot from load• Safely engages pallet• Checks mast height for obstructions• Slowly/safely picks up load with load against backrest• Checks rear for pedestrians, traffic, obstructions• Stops when forks are about a foot from load• Checks mast height for obstructions• Safely raises forks to desired height• Safely engages pallet and tilts to safe angle• Slowly and safely picks up load and lowers to safe height



• Approaches slowly and straight-on• Stops when forks are about a foot from load• Checks mast height for obstructions• Safely raises forks to desired height• Safely drives forward until load is squarely over stack• Safely tilts to safe angle and places load on stack• Slowly and safely levels forks within inside of pallet• Checks rear for pedestrians, traffic, obstructions• Slowly and safely backs out and lowers to safe height• Plans load route based on current path obstructions• Carries load with load tilted back to safe angle

EXAMPLES OF SAFE BEHAVIORS - FORKLIFT SAFETY


BEHAVIOR REINFORCEMENT

Reinforcement Is Any Consequence That Increases the Likelihood That the Behavior It Follows Will Occur in the Future. In Other Words, If You Promote a Behavior and Make Someone Feel Good About Performing That Behavior, or Give Them a Reason to Perform That Behavior, Its Occurrence in the Future Will Likely Increase.

WHAT IS BEHAVIOR REINFORCEMENT?


REINFORCEMENT

Acceptable Behavior Must Be Constantly Reinforced. Never Miss an Opportunity to Give a Pat on the Back for Acceptable Behavior. People usually Respond to Positive Reinforcement.

BEHAVIOR REINFORCEMENTContinued


Reinforcement Considerations:

1. Reinforce Frequently, and In Public.2. Reinforce ONLY for Acceptable Behavior. 3. Reinforce Immediately, Never Wait.4. Reinforce During the Safe Behavior if Possible. 5. Be Specific About the Reinforced Behavior.6. Give Non-Verbal Positive Cues. (Nods, Smiles etc.)7. Be Totally Positive. 8. Be Sincere. People See a Lot, But Don’t Say a Lot. 9. Accentuate The Positive.

BEHAVIOR REINFORCEMENTContinued


BEHAVIOR REINFORCEMENT

Works For a Determinant Period Only. Once an Accident Occurs, No Incentive Remains. Usefulness Usually Degrades Over a Period of Time. Doesn’t Permanently Alter Unacceptable Behavior. Diminishes Supervisory Control.

Rewarding For No Accidents.

Continued

LOST TIMEACCIDENTS

0


MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES

Is The Individual Due a Raise? Is a Salary Review Needed For The Job? Is The Amount of “Piecework” Pay Appropriate? Is There a Bonus Program? Are There Monetary Rewards for Safe Behavior? Are There Other Incentive Rewards for Safe Behaviors? Is There a Safety Suggestion Program? HOW MUCH OF A MOTIVATOR IS MONEY?

Money and Behavior.

What Else Can You Think Of?



This Approach Holds That Individuals Can Be Motivated by Properly Designing Their Work Environment and Praising Their Performance.

Holds That: Punishment for Poor Performance Produces Negative Results.

Goal Setting With Employee Participation Is Essential. Periodic Re-Evaluation Is Essential. Requires Frequent Work Environment Adjustments. Requires Detailed Planning and Training of Workforce.

Positive Reinforcement and Behavior.

Continued



People Are Motivated by Being Consulted on Actions That Effect Them.

People Know Their Jobs. What Safety Program Changes Can They Bring to the Work Environment?

People In Many Cases Know the Safety Problems and Safety Solutions. Just Ask.

Participation In The Safety Program Satisfies Affiliation and Acceptance Needs.

Workers Must Know That Final Decisions Are Reserved to Management. But Tell Them Why!

Employee Participation and Behavior.

Continued


ATTITUDE

When a Persons Attitude Changes, His or Her Behavior Will Typically Follow. Assuming He or She Has Adequate Knowledge of the Safe Working Conditions in the Work Environment. When You Eliminate Every Other Reason for Unacceptable Behavior, What Is Left It Attitudinal.

MOTIVATION CHANGES ATTITUDE AND

ATTITUDE DRIVES BEHAVIOR


ATTITUDE IS IMPORTANT

If a Person Understands That His or Her Safety at Work is Controllable in a Measurable Way, Acceptance of Safety as an Essential Part of the Work Environment Will Be Increased. Safe Attitudes and Behaviors Will Naturally Follow.

AND!

SAFETY AS PART OF THE WORK ENVIRONMENT



Once Safe Attitudes are a Normal Element in the Work Environment, Behavior Will Be Influenced. Then, Peers and Coworkers Expect Each Other To Practice Safety as a Part of Work and Not a Requirement of Work.

At This Point Coworkers Will Expect Each Other’s Protection and Accident Rates Will Decrease.

SAFETY AND PEER SUPPORT

Continued



Management Is Responsible to Promote Safety. Everyone is Responsible For Sustaining a Safe Work Environment. Attitude Is the Key To Sustaining a Safe Work Environment.

SUSTAINING SAFE BEHAVIOR

Continued


“It is estimated that, 97% of the money spent for medical care is directed toward treatment of an illness, injury or disability. Only 3% is spent on prevention.” Good Attitude = A Healthier Workforce.

GOOD ATTITUDE IS PREVENTION


THE HUMAN FACTOR

NO ONE IS AS AN AVERAGE PERSON

Rules, Policies, Schedules, Jobs Etc., Must Accommodate The Majority.

Focus on The Individual - Try To Please Everyone.

Good Behavior Can Be Enhanced By Accommodating The Majority. Please As Many People As Is Practical.

Bad Behavior Should Be Studied To Determine Causation.


THE HUMAN FACTOR

PERSONAL DIGNITY IS CRITICAL TO GOOD BEHAVIOR

People Must Be Treated With Respect No Matter What Their Position In the Company. Always Treat People With Respect. Always Treat People Equally. Assume People Will Talk. It Will Keep You Straight. Never Ridicule Good Behavior In Jest. Remember, It Takes Two To Argue. Draw a Line. Walk Away From Conflict, And Address It Later. Argue Constructively If You Must Argue. If Safety Is Critical To The Issue, Stand Your Ground.

Continued


THE HUMAN FACTOR

CONSIDER THE WHOLE PERSON

People Are the Sum Total of Their Experience, Combined With Their Genetic Make-up. Reinforce Good Behavior. Discourage Bad Behavior. Learn Your Employees Strengths and Weaknesses. Learn Strengths, Reward Them and Use Them. Learn Weaknesses and Help To Improve Them. Understand That Home Life Can Overflow Into Work. Be Prepared To Deal With Unpredictable Situations. Understand Group Behavior Verses Personal Behavior.

Continued


TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

Transactional Analysis or TA Was Originated by Eric Berne (Games People Play, New York: Grove Press, Inc., 1964). TA Assumes That Each of Us Reside in a Particular Mental (Ego) State at All

Times. These States Are:

1. Parent 2. Adult 3. Child

WHAT IS TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS?



WHY IS TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS IMPORTANT?

TA Is Important Because When You Are Interacting With Co-Workers You Can Quickly

Recognize Which Ego State They Are Operating in and Then You Can Adjust Your Behavior With the Individual Accordingly. This Will Optimize Your

Interaction and Keep the Work Environment Professional and Safe.


Continued



STIMULUS VERSES RESPONSE

Effective Use of TA Requires That You Understand the Meaning of “Stimulus” and “Response”.

Stimulus: What Is Said or Done to Initiate a Response.

Response: Behavior As a Result of Stimulus.

Note: All of us interact this way every day.

Continued



CROSSED TRANSACTION

Stimulus (SUPERVISOR): Jim, I’ve Got Another Press Down, Get the Work Done on This Press Immediately, I Don’t Care How You Do It.

Response (WORKER): I Know What I’m Doing, I Was Working Here When You Were Still in Grade School!

Note: Completely Ineffective Transaction. Transaction is Crossed. Each Person Assumes A “Parental” State and Speaks to The Other Persons “Child”.

Continued


P

C

A

P

C

A


STIMULUS RESPONSE


CROSSEDTRANSACTION

NOT VERYEFFECTIVE

Continued



PARALLEL TRANSACTION

Stimulus (SUPERVISOR): Jim, Another Press Just Went Down, I’m Concerned About Production. How Long Do You Feel It Will Take to Safely Make Repairs on This Press?

Response (WORKER): I Still Have to Replace a Drive Gear. Should Be About 2 Hours. Is the Other Press a Higher Priority Than This One?

Note: Each Person Understands The Higher Need. Behavior Is Consistent With Safe Requirements of the Job. Transaction Is “Adult” to “Adult” (Optimal)

Continued


P

C

A

P

C

A


STIMULUS

RESPONSE


PARALLELTRANSACTION

OPTIMAL

Continued


Understanding Which Ego State a Person Is Operating in Will Allow You To Positively Affect Their Behavior. Safety and Professionalism on The Job Can Then Be Improved. Its a Simple Concept, With a Little Practice You Will Be Able to Integrate This Technique Into Your Management Style. Your Personal Life May Also Be Positively Affected.

DO YOU SEE THE VALUE IN TA?

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSISContinued


ACCIDENT CAUSATION

WHAT CAUSES ACCIDENTS?


Was he or she properly trained? Did the employee know not to use it? Was he or she reminded not to use it? Why did the supervisor allow its use? Did the supervisor examine the job first? Why was the defective ladder not found? Are procedures in place for defective equipment?

ACCIDENT CAUSATION

Contributing Factors

USE OF A BROKEN LADDER RESULTS IN AN ACCIDENT

Continued


Improper attitude. Lack of knowledge or skill. Physical or mental impairment.

ACCIDENT CAUSATION

Behavioral Causes

Improper Attitude

I’ve Never Been Hurt Before

Continued


Horseplay. Defeating safety devices. Failure to secure or warn. Operating without authority. Working on moving equipment. Taking an unsafe position or posture. Operating or working at an unsafe speed. Unsafe loading, placing, mixing, combining. Failure to use personal protective equipment.

ACCIDENT CAUSATION

Behavioral Causes

Continued


Improper PPE. Improper tools. Improper guarding. Poor housekeeping. Improper ventilation. Defective equipment. Improper illumination. Unsafe dress or apparel. Hazardous arrangement.

ACCIDENT CAUSATION

Unsafe Conditions (Environmental)

Continued


Fatigue. Defective hearing. Defective eyesight. Muscular weakness. Lack of required skill. Lack of required knowledge. Intoxication (alcohol, drugs).

ACCIDENT CAUSATION

Unsafe Personal Factors

Continued


Slip, Trip. Struck by. Overexertion. Struck against. Fall on same level. Fall to different level. Caught in, on, or between. Contact with - heat or cold. Contact with - electric current. Inhalation, absorption, ingestion, poisoning.

ACCIDENT CAUSATION

Types of Accidents

Continued


ACCIDENTLOG

WHAT’S LEFT? ATTITUDE!

When you:

Eliminate Unsafe Environmental Conditions. Upgrade Engineering Controls. Optimize Administrative Controls. Provide Adequate Personal Protective Equipment.

ACCIDENT CAUSATIONContinued

ATTITUDE DRIVES BEHAVIOR


You Can’t Influence Employee Behavior If Contact Is Too Infrequent or Limited. Reinforcement Must Happen Frequently. If Acceptable Behavior Is Not Reinforced As It Happens, and If Corrective Instruction Is Not Direct and Specific, Behavior May Not Be Changed.

Also, Responsibility for Safety Is in No Way Shifted Entirely From Management to the Employee. Safety Is Still the Shared Responsibility Between Management and All Other Company Employees.

A WORD OF CAUTION


WORK AT WORKING SAFELY

Training is the key to success in managing safety in the work environment. Attitude is also a key factor in maintaining a safe workplace. Safety is, and always will be a team effort, safety starts with each individual employee and concludes with everyone leaving at the end of the day to rejoin their families.

Satti JamshedProject Training Supervisor

behavior-based safety for supervisors

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