Bell Questions He made the first transatlantic solo flight

Charles Lindbergh A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

isolationism  Neighborhood within New York City that was the heart and soul of the African American renaissance

Harlem Where did Duke Ellington get his start?

The Cotton Club Nation wide panic fueling fears that Communists might seize power.

Red Scare He was the head of a new special investigation division of the justice department (FBI)

J. Edgar Hoover What did candidate Harding, in the campaign of 1920, call for a return to?

Normalcy Biggest scandal to hit Harding’s administration

Teapot Dome Scandal How much did Harding cut the government's budget between 1920 and 1922

nearly in half In 1923 how does Harding die?

probably from a heart attack. French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand proposed this treaty to outlaw war

the Kellogg-Briand Pact. Wartime allies owed the United States more than how much?

$10 billion

Chapter 17The Roaring Twenties!

Notes:An Economy in Turmoil The country experienced rapid inflation

and economic turmoil in 1919.– Inflation greatly increased the cost of

living.

– It also led to an enormous wave of strikes.

Notes: The first major strike took place in Seattle,

where some 35,000 shipyard workers walked off the job demanding higher wages and shorter hours.– Other unions in Seattle soon joined the

shipyard workers and organized a general strike.

Notes: The most famous strike took place in

Boston, where roughly 75 percent of the police force walked off the job.– Riots and looting erupted in the city, forcing

governor Calvin Coolidge to call in the National Guard.

One of the largest strikes in American history began when an estimated 350,000 steelworkers went on strike.– The strike collapsed in the early 1920s. Its

failure set back the union cause in the steel industry.

Notes: The economic turmoil after the war also

contributed to widespread racial unrest.– In the summer of 1919, 25 race riots

broke out across the nation after many people gave in to feelings of racism and blamed African Americans for taking their jobs.

– However, for the first time African Americans had widespread organization.

Notes:The Red Scare Americans had long been suspicious of

communist ideas. The strikes of 1919 fueled fears that

Communists, or “reds,” might seize power.– This led to a nationwide panic known as

the Red Scare.

Notes: In April 1919, the postal service

intercepted more than 30 parcels containing homemade bombs addressed to prominent Americans.

Two months later, eight bombs in eight cities exploded within minutes of one another, suggesting a nationwide conspiracy.– One of them damaged the home of U.S.

Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer.

Notes: Palmer created what eventually became the

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).– J. Edgar Hoover headed this special

division within the Justice Department.

– Palmer’s agents often ignored the civil liberties of the suspects.

– Authorities detained thousands of suspects and nearly 600 people were deported.

Notes: The following issues combined to create a

general sense of disillusionment in the United States by 1920:– economic problems

– labor unrest

– racial tensions

– fresh memories of World War I

Notes:The Republican candidate, Warren

G. Harding, called for a return to “normalcy.” – Normal life after the War–He won the election by a

landslide margin of over 7 million votes.

Enter the Roaring Twenties!

Notes Harding made several great cabinet

appointments Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans

Hughes as secretary of state former Food Administrator Herbert Hoover as

secretary of commerce business tycoon Andrew Mellon as secretary

of the treasury. They play an important role in supporting and

shaping the economic prosperity of the 1920s.

Notes Harding appointment failures

Harry M. Daugherty-attorney general Daniel Crissinger- chairman of the Federal Reserve

Board Colonel Charles R. Forbes- head the Veterans

Bureau. Forbes sold scarce medical supplies from veterans’ hospitals and kept the money for himself, costing the taxpayers about $250 million used their positions to sell

government jobs, pardons, and protection from prosecution.

Notes Most famous scandal

Teapot Dome Scandal secretary of the interior-Albert B. Fall, lease lands containing U.S. Navy oil

reserves to private interests Teapot Dome, Wyoming Elk Hills, California

Fall received - more than $300,000- bribes.

investigation takes most of 1920s first cabinet officer - to go to prison

Notes Harding and the recession of 1920–21

the largest one-year percentage decline in around 140 years of data. worse than any year during the Great Depression

unemployment -from 4 percent to nearly 12 percent,

GNP declined 17 percent

Notes Harding cut the government's budget

nearly in half between 1920 and 1922 Tax rates -slashed for all income

groups. The national debt -reduced by one-

third I relief measures were a local

responsibility year and a half of Harding- the Roaring

Twenties were underway. GNP expanded year after year without

inflation

Notes1923 Harding dies-

probably from a heart attack.

Calvin Coolidge takes oath of office

NotesCoolidge’s philosophy-

government interfered with business and industry as little as possible. “Keep Cool with

Coolidge.”

Notes By the 1920s, the United States was the

dominant economic power in the world majority of Americans favor isolationism.

However, the United States was too interconnected with other countries -tried to promote peace by using economic policies and arms control agreements.

vital -European economies - healthy so that they could repay their debts; $10 Billion

Notes Naval arms race

The Washington Conference Great Britain, France, Italy, China, Japan, Belgium, the Netherlands,

and Portugal— met in D.C 10-year halt to the construction of new warships Destroy current ships

Shortcomings nothing to limit land forces angered the Japanese – small navy

Kellogg-Briand Pact. outlaw war- hailed as a victory for peace

Notes Section 2 VideoGrowing Economy automobiles had become an accepted

part of American life was more important than indoor

plumbing “You can’t ride to town in a bathtub.”

Real per capita earnings soared 22% between 1923 and 1929.

Notes While wages increased -work hours

decreased U.S. Steel cut shift from 12 to 8 hours Henry Ford cuts workweek from six days to

five International Harvester instituted an annual

two-week paid vacation for employees. large-scale manufacturing done with

machinery, mass production, increased supply and reduced costs

Notes By 1925 a Ford car had gone from taking

12 hours to 93 minutes to complete one was rolling off the line every 10 seconds

“Tin Lizzie” or “Flivver” Model T 1908- $850 By 1924 - $295 auto industry consumed 15 % of the nation’s

steel led to a huge expansion of the petroleum

industry

Notes The Social Impact of the Automobile

Eased the isolation of rural life Enabled people to live farther from

work auto commuter

In response to rising disposable income-new goods came on the market.

Notes Birth of the Airline Industry

Glenn Curtiss - invented ailerons rigid wings - much larger aircraft still used today His company sold the first airplanes in the

US Lindbergh transatlantic solo flight – 1927

Showing possibilities of commercial aviation end of 1928- 48 airlines -355 American cities

NotesThe Radio Industry 1926 the National Broadcasting Company

(NBC) daily programs 1927, almost 700 stations 1929- 10 million radios were in use

1928 the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network

NotesThe Radio Industry (cont) sold advertising hired entertainers 1928 - first presidential election

campaign $1 million in advertising to the two

parties

Notes Shifting from traditional attitudes of thrift and

prudence - in the 1920s we become consumers

individual borrowing ability to pay their debts over time

“Buy now and pay in easy installments,” 75% of their radios and 60% of their

automobiles on the installment plan. Some buying on credit at a faster rate than their

incomes increased.

NotesAdvertisers

linked products with qualities associated with the modern era

http://lovelyoldtree.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/sliced-bread-ad.jpg

Notes Managerial Revolution

Managers freed executives and owners from the day-to-day running of the companies.

professional manager expand the size of the middle class

Notes

Welfare capitalism- Companies allowed workers to buy stock, participate in profit sharing, and receive medical care and pensions. made unions seem unnecessary lost both influence and membership open shop-not required to join a union

benefits covering some basic needs- able to spend more to improve their quality of life

Notes Those that lagged behind in the

economic boom Deep South Farmers African Americans Native Americans citizenship in

1924 New immigrants from Europe

NotesThe Farm Crisis earned less than 1/3 the income of workers

in the rest of the economy higher yields -no increase in demand

= lower prices Fordney - McCumber Act in 1922

raised tariffs turned foreign markets against American

agricultural products - prices tumbled

NotesAfrican American Culture After WWI, African American populations

swelled in large Northern cities Great Migration from the rural South to

industrial cities in the North escape Southern segregation find economic opportunities build better lives

Notes New York City neighborhood of Harlem

heart and soul of the African American renaissance

artistic development racial pride political organization

Became known as the Harlem Renaissance

Notes Writers:

Claude McKay First important writer of the Harlem Ren. Wrote about shock of American racism “The Lynching” and “If We Must Die,”

proud defiance and bitter contempt of racism Langston Hughes Zora Neale Hurston

first major stories featuring African American women as central characters

VIDEO

NotesJazz, Blues, and the Theater

Louis Armstrong moved to Chicago in 1922 introduced an improvisational early form of

jazz influenced by Dixieland blues and ragtime first great cornet and trumpet soloist in jazz

music Video

Notes Edward “Duke” Ellington

composer, pianist, and bandleader began playing in speakeasies and clubs composed nearly 6,000 musical pieces got his start at the Cotton Club

Cotton Club most famous nightclub in Harlem only white customers

Notes

The bluessoulful style of music

that evolved from African American spirituals

Notes Shuffle Along, the first musical written,

produced, and performed by African Americans

Most daring performer of the era Josephine Baker

singer and dancer performed on Broadway moved to Paris and launched an

international career

Americans,

NotesAfrican Americans and 1920s Politics In 1919, 1,300 African American veterans

of WWI marched through Manhattan to Harlem symbolized the new aspirations of

African Americans in the 1920s

Notes The Black Vote in the North

became a powerful voting block that could sway the outcome of elections

Cast their votes for Republicans Helped elect Oscar DePriest, the first African

American representative in Congress from a Northern state introduced laws to oppose racial

discrimination and make lynching a federal crime

Notes The NAACP Battles Injustice

passage of antilynching legislation in the House of Representatives in 1922 Defeated by Senate

Defeat of Judge John J. Parker’s nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court (He was an Open racist)

Notes Black Nationalism and Marcus Garvey

Called for black separation from white society Marcus Garvey

“Negro Nationalism” Inspired by Booker T. Washington’s call for

self- reliance founded the Universal Negro Improvement

Association (UNIA)

Notes UNIA

promoting black pride and unity gain economic and political power by

educating themselves advocated separation and independence

from whites would never find justice or freedom in

America - proposed leading them to Africa

Notes African American middle class and intellectuals

distanced themselves from Garvey FBI officials saw UNIA as a dangerous catalyst

for black uprisings in urban areas Convicted of mail fraud in 1923, Garvey served

time in prison 1927 President Coolidge- deports him to

Jamaica His message played a vital role in the civil rights

movement of the 1960s