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Sardar Bhagat Singh Shaheed Life and Ideology

Ihsan H. Nadiem

DYAL SINGH RESEARCH & CULTURAL FORUM LAHORE, PAKISTAN.

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Dyal Singh Research & Cultural Forum 2012

The matter in this book may be used for research citing the source clearly; any part of it may also be reproduced or included in other publications provided this source is quoted.

Sardar Bhagat Singh Shaheed Life and Ideology

SRDAR bGT ES^g sHID JIVN WTQ EVCARdARA

2012 Published by Ihsan H. Nadiem Director, Dyal Singh Research & Cultural Forum.

Price

Pakistan: Rs.70 Foreign : US $5

DYAL SINGH RESEARCH & CULTURAL FORUM

25-Nisbet Road, Lahore 54000, PAKISTAN. Ph: +92 42 37312080, Fax: +92 42 37232230 Web: www.dsrcf.org, Email: dsrcf@yahoo.com

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CONTENTS

Preface ... ... ... 4

1. Prelude 5

2. The Family and Childhood 6

3. Educational Career 7

4. Making of a complete revolutionary 8

5. Murder of Saunders 9

6. Bomb in Assembly 10

7. Trial and Death Sentence 11

8. Bhagat Singh Martyred 13

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Preface

Sardar Bhagat Singh Shaheed rose meteorically as a young freedom fighter in the slave-India subcontinent, and left the world stage in the same dazzling manner, but not without leaving bright and intense imprints in the annals of history. Much has been written on the life and ideology of this icon of freedom struggle against the British colonialists. But, these writings can never be counted as sufficient to cover this multi-faceted personality and versatile achievements. It is encouraging that different writers from different forums continue researching and bringing out many an aspect of his personality and struggle, not known to the world earlier.

Keeping in line with its format of bringing to the fore the works on the heroes from Punjab, Dyal Singh Research and Cultural Forum (DSRCF) has now been busy for many years in studying on Shaheed Bhagat Singh and his struggle from the basic and secondary sources. Based on the same, we have already published, on the web, material on his life and ideology. One of the issues of our Quarterly Punjab dey Rang was also devoted to this great man especially publishing the poetical works of different persona eulogizing and reverently remembering this one of the youngest martyrs of our history of struggle for freedom.

In order to make it reach to a wider and varied segments of readers we are publishing this book in two languages English and Punjabi, while using both of its scripts (Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi). As the research on the subject continues, we hope to add more and might come up with other publications in due course. Ihsan H. Nadiem

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Sardar Bhagat Singh Shaheed

Prelude

The building of the British Empire was started at a very low key and in an unprecedented way in the eighteenth century India. Here, with the declining and disintegrating Mughal authority, the British had discovered a power vacuum and thus proceeded to fill it with skill, cunningness and a great degree of opportunism. In due course of time they had been successful in humbling almost whole of India: Bengal and Assam, Awadh, Sindh, North-Western Provinces and finally, in 1849, Punjab.

The occupation of the motherland by a foreign nation was not seen eye to eye by many a patriotic native, who had been fighting with them in a heroic manner. The major events of the uprising resulted in the first War of Independence in 1857, the quelling of which led to the abolition in 1858 of the East India Company and the transfer of the administration of India to the British Crown.

The struggle for freedom from the foreign yoke did not stop even when the British were using all the means of repression typical of a colonial power. Among the pioneers of the freedom fighters of the twentieth century the name of Bhagat Singh shines bright and illuminates the history of the Subcontinent striving for independence. His efforts and sacrifice might not have brought the desired results immediately but it was he, and others of his like, that kept the spirit of struggle kindled and light of hope alight, and to get to the goal

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perhaps much sooner than the alien oppressors might have thought.

The Family and Childhood The family of Bhagat Singh had migrated from a

village known as Khattkarr Kalan in the Jullundar district to settle permanently in Chak No. 105/G.B. Banga Chak in tehsil Jarranwala of the Lyallpur (now Faisalabad) district of Punjab. Here he was born on 28th September 1907 into this Sandhu Jat family of father Sardar Kishan Singh and mother Vidyavati. His arrival was taken as a good omen for the family and, as such, his grandmother gave him the name of BhagaN wala, or the lucky one. However, with time it changed into Bhagat with the meaning of devotee, adding to it Singh with Sikh identity. Bhagat Singh was the eldest among his two brothers Kulbir Singh and Kulnar Singh and three sisters; Amar Kaur, Sumitra Kaur and Shakuntala.

Bhagat Singh, always thought to be one of the most influential revolutionaries of the Independence of the South Asia Subcontinent, had a long family history of many a freedom activist, who had been fighting against the exploitative and brutal rule of the British. While some of his family members had participated in movements supporting the independence of India others had earlier served in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army. His grandfather, Sardar Arjun Singh Sandhu, was a follower of Swami Dayananda Saraswatis Arya Samaj. His uncles, Ajit Singh and Swaran Singh, as well as his father were members of the Ghadar (literally mutiny or revolution) Party, led by Kartar Singh Sarabha Grewal and Har Dyal. Ajit Singh was forced to flee to Persia (Iran) because of pending cases against him while Swaran Singh was hanged on 19 December 1927 for his involvement in the Kakori train

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robbery of 1925 another of the events linked with freedom struggle.

Bhagat Singh was sensitive child with restive soul right from his childhood. He was naturally imbibed with the revolutionary thinking and ideology that glowed all around him in the family. He spat hate at his English enemy right from his early ages. It is said that when he was hardly two or three years old, he was playing on the ground with some straws fixed in the ground. When asked as to what was he doing, he replied that he was sowing dambooqan (guns).

When the massacre of Jallianwala Bagh took place in 1919, he was just a lad of twelve but he chose to travel all the way to the site that represented the extreme of the cruelty at the hands of the British and brought from there the blood-drenched dust to remind him ever after of the nature of his foe.

Educational Career

Unlike many Sikhs his age, Singh did not attend Khalsa High School in Lahore, because his grandfather did not approve of the school officials' loyalist stance to the British authorities. Instead, his father enrolled him in Dayanand Anglo Vedic (DAV) High School. At the age of 13, Bhagat Singh began to follow Mahatama Gandhis Non-Cooperation Movement. At this point he had openly defied the British and had followed Gandhi's wishes by burning his government-school books and any British-imported clothing. Following Gandhi's withdrawal of the movement after the murders of policemen by villagers from Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, disenchanted and disgruntled with Gandhi's non-violence (Ahinsa) action, joined the Young Revolutionary Movement and began advocating a violent movement against the British.

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In 1923, Bhagat Singh famously won an essay competition set by the Punjab Hindi Sahitya Sammelan. This brought Bhagat Singh in the lime light and instantly attracted the eye of members of the Punjab Hindi Sahitya Sammelan including its General Secretary Professor Bhim Sen Vidyalankar. At this age, he felt at ease with quoting famous Punjabi literature and discussing the problems of Punjab. He was a keen reader and had gone through a lot of poetry and literature, which was written by Punjabi writers. He was attracted to Allama Iqbal, who was his favourite poet.

Making of a complete revolutionary

In his teenage years, Bhagat Singh started studying at the National College in Lahore, but ran away from home to escape early marriage when his family was ready to betroth him. At this stage, in 1926, he became a member of the organisation Naujawan Bharat Sabha (Youth Society of India). In the Naujawan Bharat Sabha, Bhagat Singh and his fellow revolutionaries grew popular amongst the youth.

He also joined the Hindustan Republican Association at the introduction of his history teacher, Professor Vidyalankar. This organization had such prominent leaders as Ram Prasad Bismil, Chandrashekhar Azad and Ashfaq ullah Khan. It is believed that he went to Kanpur to attempt free Kakori train robbery prisoners from jail, but returned to Lahore for unknown reasons.

On the day of Dusehra in October 1926, a bomb was blasted in Lahore, and Bhagat Singh was arrested for his alleged involvement in this Dusehra Bomb Case on 29 May 1927. He was, however, released on a bail of Rs.60,000 after about five weeks of his arrest.

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In the meanwhile he had also been engaged actively in writing and journalistic career and edited Urdu and Punjabi newspapers published from Amritsar. From May to September, 1928, Bhagat Singh serially published several articles on anarchism in Punjabi periodical Kirti.

In September 1928, a meeting of various revolutionaries from across India was called at Delhi under the banner of the Kirti Kissan Party. Bhagat Singh was the secretary of the meet. His later revolutionary activities were carried out as a leader of this association.

In 1928, The British government created a commission under Sir John Simon to report on the then current political situation in India. The Indian political parties boycotted the commission because it did not include a single Indian as its member and it was met with protests all over the country. When the commission visited Lahore on 30 October 1928, a protest was held under the leadership of Lala Lajpat Rai. The protesters were met with violent action by the police while their leader was also severely beaten up resulting in his death. The incident greatly moved Bhagat Singh, who later was taken as revolutionary with arms.

Murder of Saunders Later, joining with other revolutionaries like

Shivaram Rajguru, Jai Gopal and Sukhdev Thapar, he planned to kill the Lahore Police Chief, Scott. However, due to a mistaken identity, the Deputy Chief, J. P. Saunders, was gunned down while Bhagat Singh immediately left Lahore to live in disguise to avoid recognition.

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Bomb in Assembly In the face of actions by the revolutionaries, the

British government enacted the Defence of India Act to give more power to the police, already a brutal force. The purpose of the Act was to combat revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh with the strongest iron hand. However, the Act was then passed under the ordinance. In response to this act, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association planned to explode a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly where the ordinance was going to be passed. It was decided that Bhagat Singh should go to Russia, while Batukeshwar Dutt should carry on the bombing with Sukhdev. Sukhdev then forced Bhagat Singh to call for another meeting and here it was decided, against the initial agreement, which Batukeshwar Dutt and Bhagat Singh would carry on the bombing

On 8 April 1929, Singh and Dutt threw a bomb onto the corridors of the assembly and shouted "Inquilab Zindabad!" ("Long Live the Revolution!"). This was followed by a shower of leaflets stating that it takes a loud voice to make the deaf hear. In the leaflet he had also stated that it is easy to kill individuals but you cannot kill the ideas. Great empires crumbled while the ideas survived.

The bomb, in accordance with the plan of the revolutionaries, neither killed nor injured anyone; Singh and Dutt claimed that this was deliberate on their part, a claim substantiated both by British forensics investigators, who found that the bomb was not powerful enough to cause injury, and by the fact that the bomb was thrown away from people, as its apparent motive was to record a very strong protest. Singh and Dutt gave themselves up for arrest after the blast. Both of them were sentenced to Transportation for Life because of this act on 12 June 1929.

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Trial and Death Sentence

On 15 April 1929, the 'Lahore Bomb Factory' was discovered by the Lahore police, and the other members of HSRA were arrested, out of which 7 turned informants, helping the police to connect Bhagat Singh in the murder of J. P. Saunders. It was thus again in history that the traitors were at work against the freedom fighters. Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were charged with the murder. Bhagat Singh decided to use the court as a tool to publicise his cause for the independence of India. The case was ordered to be carried out without members of the HSRA present at the hearing. This created uproar amongst Bhagat Singh's supporters as he could no longer publicise his views.

While in jail, Bhagat Singh and other prisoners launched a hunger strike advocating for the rights of prisoners and those facing trial. The reason for the strike was that British murderers and thieves were treated better than Indian political prisoners, who, by law, were meant to be given better rights. He also demanded that political prisoners should not be forced to do any labour or undignified work. During this hunger strike that lasted 63 days and ended with the British succumbing to his wishes, he gained much popularity among the common Indians.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah, one of the influential politicians present when the Central Legislative Assembly was bombed, made no secret of his sympathies for the Lahore prisoners. On 12th and 14th September 1929, in Central Assembly, Muhammad Ali Jinnah made a long speech in context of Bhagat Singh and his companions hunger strike and British imperialist design to hang these patriots with the sham of a trial in absence of the accused. It was the time,

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when even many Congressmen in the Assembly had condemned Bhagat Singh and B.K. Dutt for throwing bombs in assembly on 8th April 1929, for which they were transported for life, within one month in May 1929. When they went on hunger strike in jail in protest against misbehaviour with them by jail staff and to demand status of political prisoners and human behaviour with them in jail, British came with an amendment in the Criminal Procedure Code waiving the condition of presence of accused or their pleader in the court, thus by a sham trial convicting them in hurried manner.

While participating in the debate in Central Assembly on British bill, on 12th September, 1929, Mr. Jinnah said, The man who goes on hunger strike has a soul. He is moved by the soul and he believes in the justice of his cause. Jinnah challenged law member of the assembly to starve himself a little to know the impact of hunger strike on human body by saying- it is not everybody who can go on starving himself to death. Try it for a little while and you will see.

Jinnahs speech began on 12 Sept. and was concluded on 14th Sept. He put the British Government on mat by his brilliant exposure of British design - Dont you think that, instead of trying to proceed with an iron hand and pursuing a policy of repression against your own subjects, it would be better if you realized the root cause of the resentment and of the struggle that the people are carrying on?

Jinnah even warned the government in this context- Money of the tax payer will not be wasted in prosecuting men, nay citizens, who are fighting and struggling for the freedom of their country. In the view of many a writer and politician Jinnah had high esteem for Bhagat Singh and his companions. Jinnah also said

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that if this amendment was passed then the trial would be just a travesty of justice.

However, the Amendment was carried through by 55 votes against 47. Jinnah had voted against. Even in February 1929 speech in assembly he also pleaded for the release of Sikh leaders gaoled in connection with Sikh Gurdwara.

An abortive plan had been made to rescue Bhagat Singh and fellow inmates of HSRA from the jail, for the purpose of which Bhagwati Charan Vohra made bombs, but died making them as they exploded accidentally.

Bhagat Singh also maintained the use of a diary, which he eventually made to fill 404 pages. In this diary he made numerous notes relating to the quotations and popular sayings of various people whose views he supported.

Bhagat Singh Martyred After the pronouncement of the death penalty

when Bhagat Singh's father petitioned the British government to pardon his son, Bhagat Singh quoted Terence MacSwiney and said, "I am confident that my death will do more to smash the British Empire than my release" and told his father to withdraw the petition.

It is a common belief that Mahatama Gandhi, with his own clout and influence, had an opportunity to stop Bhagat Singh's execution. But he did not. A theory in the air tells that Gandhi actively conspired with the British to have Bhagat Singh executed though during his lifetime, Gandhi always maintained that he was a great admirer of Bhagat Singh's patriotism.

On 23 March 1931, Bhagat Singh was hanged in with his fellows, Rajguru and Sukhdev. His supporters, who had been protesting against the

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hanging, immediately declared him as a shaheed or martyr. The first to pronounce him was the renowned Muslim writer, poet, journalist Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, the editor of the influential and widely circulated Urdu newspaper, Zamindar. He also published in the issue of the paper following the day of hanging moving stanzas declaring him and his companions as martyrs.

According to the Superintendent of Police at the time, V.N. Smith, the hanging was advanced to avoid any public reaction causing difficulties for the government. At about 7 pm shouts of Inquilab Zindabad (Long live the revolution) were heard from inside the jail. This was correctly, interpreted as a signal that the final curtain was about to drop.

He had expressed, as his last wish before being hanged, the desire to get Amrit from Panj Pyare including Randhir Singh and to adorn the 4 Ks, the visible signs of a Sikh. However, the wish remained ungranted by the British. So against his last wish his body was not handed over to his heirs or friends, again, fearing a strong reaction from the public much charged with emotions against the British government. He was cremated at Hussainiwala on banks of Sutlej River by the government functionaries.

Shaheed Bhagat Singhs death had the effect that he desired and he inspired thousands of youths to assist the remained of the Indian Independence Movement. After his hanging, youths in regions, especially around Northern part of British India, rioted in protest against the British Raj and Gandhi.

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EeK Ta gYR DA MAHhL EeNKLABI UOY]Th[ UOH WAP VI BALPi Th[ HI EeS PASQ KOYj VYd HI PZQERT SI. EKHA JaDA Hw EK ET^N CAR SAL DI UOMRQ EeK VARI UOH EMYlI C TILQ VAr ERHA SI. EKSQ NQ UOHNo^ POEcWA KI KR ERHA Hw[? UOHDA UO]YTR SI D^BoKa (B^DoKa) GYX ERHa. EeS Th[ EVCAR HO^DA Hw EK UOHDQ W^DR SAMRAJ EVROYd NfRT DA E]K^NA VYXA JVALAMOkI BYL ERHA SI.

JDh[ 1919eI C JELWaVALA BA~ DI glNA VAPRI Ta UOHDI UOMR KQVL BAR|a VR|Q SI. UOH W^EMZTSR EGWA WTQ JELWaVALA BA~ Ch[ sHIDa DQ LHo C EbYJI EMYlI DI MOYp WAPiQ NAL Lw WAEeWA. EeH EMYlI UOHDQ W^DR HR DM Ee^TKAM WTQ EeNKLAB DQ BolQ No^ SYJRA RYkDI.

bGT E]S^g DQ SOEHRD SObAW TQ RQsMI ROMAL LEHR WTQ ~DR PARlI DQ EeNKLABIWa DIWa sHIDIWa VRGIWa glNAVa DA Xo^gA PZbAV EPWA. UOH ~DR PARlI DQ MHAN WzADI gOLAlIeQ KZTAR E]S^g SRAbA DI s#SIWT Th[ BrA PZbAEVT SI WTQ UOHNo^ WAPiA WADRs EMtDA SI.

1920eI C JDh[ ESYka NQ SZI NNKAiA SAEHB C SEtT GORo NANK SAEHB DA JNM WStAN EH^Do MH^Ta DQ KBzQ Th[ cOXAVi DI KhEss KITI. Ta MH^T NRAEeio DAS DQ ~O^EXWa NQ ENHYtQ ESYka TQ fAEeE]R^G KR EDYTI. EeS Th[ VYk UOS ESYk JYtQ DI WGVAeI KRN VALQ JYtQDAR bAeI LcMi ES^g No^ GORDVARQ C SEtT J^X DQ EeK ROYk NAL B^N| KQ WYG LA EDYTI GeI. EeS #oNI glNA EPYch[ EeK EDN bGT E]S^g NQ LAHqR Th[ LAEeLPOR JaEDWa SZI NNKAiA SAEHB DI yATRA KITI. UO]Yth[ UOH EeHNa sHIDa DA KwL^XR VI gYR Lw WAEeWA. ESYk KqM NAL EeS VdIKI DA bGT ES^g DQ MN TQ BrA Xo^gA WTQ NAbOYLiyhG PZbAV EPWA.

20

ESEkWA bGT ES^g NQ PRAEeMRI Ta E]P^X Ch[ PAS KITI WTQ EfR UOHNo^

XI.eQ.VI. (EDWAN^D Ww[GLh VwEDK) HAeI SKoL LAHqR C DA#L KRVA EDYTA EGWA. WJQ UOH NaVI[ KLAS C SI JDhh[ NAEMLVRTi DI LEHR CYLI, EJHDQ NTIJQ C SARQ SRKARI SKoLa DA BAEeKAl sORo Hh EGWA WTQ WzADI gOLAlIWa NQ NwsNL KAELJ khL EDYTQ. KAELJ C DA#L Hhi LeI MwlRK HhiA zRoRI SI. PR bGT ES^g WJQ MwlRK NHI[ SI. UOHNQ Dh MHINQ KrI MEHNT KR KQ KALJ DA UOH EeMETHAN PAS KR ELWA EJHrA MwlRK BRABR yhGTA ESYd KRN VASTQ sRT SI, WTQ KAELJ C DA#L Hh EGWA. 1922eI C UOHNQ NwsNL KALJ Th[ Ee^lR KITA.

KRaTIKARI SRGRMIWa C bAG LwiA Ee^lR MGRh[ bGT ES^g DQ MAEPWa NQ UOHDA EVWAH KRNA CAEHWA

Ta UOH ROYS KQ KANPOR lOR EGWA. EeYtQ UOHDI MOLAKAT KRaTIKARI EVCAR RYki VALQ LhKa NAL HheI. WTQ UOHNQ WAPiQ WAP No^ W^GZQz SAMRAJ DQ EVROYd yOYd LeI zEHNI TqR TQ ETWAR KR ELWA. DoJQ PASQ UOHDQ gR VALQ BrQ PQRsAN SN. UOHDQ EPTA NQ BrQ yTNa NAL UOHDA XAK DA PTA LYb KQ UOHNo^ PYTR ELEkWA EK UOH VAPS gR WA JAVQ. PR UOH NA M^ENWA. UOHNI[ EDNI[, bGT ES^g, MqLANA HSRT MhHANI DQQ KANPOR C SEtT ShDQsI SlhR TQ JAEeWA KRDA SI. SARQ KRaTIKARI HSRT HORa DA BHOT WADR KRDQ SN. bGT ES^g DQ PTA JI NQ HSRT MhHANI No^ PYTR ELk KQ BQNTI KITI EK EKSQ TR|a bGT E]S^g No^ SMjA KQ gYR gYL EDu. WSI[ UOHNo^ EVWAH LeI MJBoR NHI[ KRaGQ. W#IR UON|a DQ SMjAUOi TQ bGT E]S^g gR VAPS lOR EGWA. EJYtQ UOHDQ EPTA NQ UOHNo^ EfR EVWAH LeI KDI MJBoR NHI[ KITA.

1921eI C GORDVARA SOdAR LEHR WR^b HhGeI SI. EeS LEHR DA MKSD ESYk GORDVAERWa No^ EJHrQ EK EH^Do MH^Ta DQ KBzQ HQp SN, Th[ WzAD KRVAUOiA SI. EeHNa GORDVAERWa C EH^Do EVCARdARA DA PRCAR Hh ERHA SI WTQ ESYk P^t TQ EH^Do R^G CAr| KQ UOHDI PcAi EMlAUOi DIWa KhEssa Hh RHIWa SN. NALQ UOYtQ R^XIBAzI WTQ WYyAsI KR KQQ GORDVAERWa DI PEVTRTA No^ EMYlI C RhELWA JA ERHA SI. ESYka NQ WAPiQ GORDVAERWa No^ WzAD KRVAUOi LeI VYkh VYk SEMWa C MhRCQ LAeQ. W^GZQz SRKAR NQ EeHNa MhRECWa No^ ~wR-KANo^NI EMYt EDYTA.

21

1925eI C bGT ES^g DQ EP^X B^GA DQ KhLh[ NAbQ JAUOi VALA MhRCA L^g ERHA SI. E]P^X VAELWa No^ SRKAR NQ MN|A KITA SI EK EeS JYtQ DI KheI WADR SQVA NA KRQ. KheI EeHNa NAL SEHyhG NA KRQ. MGR EJS VQLQ EeH MhRCA B^GQ KhLh[ L^EgWA. Ta SRDAR bGT ES^g NQ EeS JYtQ No^ E]P^X C ROKVA KQ UOHDQ LeI L^GR PAiI DA PZB^d KITA WTQ UON|a DI SQVA KITI. E]P^X C MqJoD SoHIWa NQ EeHDI #BR WYGQ lhR EDYTI. ESYlQ VJh[ SRKAR NQ bGT ES^g DQ VAR^l KYx EDYTQ.

SZ. bGT ES^g No^ MJBoRN E]P^X cYX KQ LAHqR JAiA EPWA, EfR UOYth[ UOH EDYLI lOR EGWA WTQ UOYtQ BLV^T DQ fRzI Na HQp VIR WRJN W#BAR C K^M KRDA ERHA. MhRCQ DQ MOYKi MGRh[ bGT ES^g LAHqqR WA EGWA WTQ EeYt EKZTI EKSAN LEHR C K^M KRNA chH EDYTA. ShHN ES^g Jhs NAL EML KQ UOHNQ EKZTI W#BAR C LQk VI ELkQ.

NqJVAN bART SbA EH^DOSTAN DQ LhKI[ GadI DQ WEH^SA DQ EVCAR Th[ BrQ WYKQ HheQ SN.

UON|a DA EVCAR SI EK EeH fLSfA WSLh[ W^GZQz WTQ GadI DI GYpJhr DA NTIJA SI EJHDA MKSD EH^DOSTANIWa No^ W^GZQza DQ EVROYd WMLI EJYDh-JEHD Th[ RhKiA Hw.

MARC 1926eI C NqJVAN bART SbA DI NI[H RYkI GeI. RAM EKsN No^ EeHDA PZdAN WTQ bGT ES^g No^ JNRL SKYTR COEiWA EGWA. NqJVAN bART SbA DQ DoJQ LIXRa C C^DR sQkR WzAD, bGVTI CRN, JTN DAS WTQ MASlR MhlA ES^g WAED sAEML SN. NqJVAN bART SbA DA MKSD BRTANVI SAMRAJ DA W^T WTQ EeK KqMI LhKT^TR DI StAPiA SI. bGT ES^g WTQ UOSDQ SAtIWa NQ W^EMZTSR, LOEdWAiA, MOLTAN, SRGhdA WTQ ESWALKhl C NqJVAN bART SbA DIWa S^StAVa StAPT KITIWa.

ST^BR 1926eI C KQDARNAt SEHGL NQ P^JAB DQ NqJVANa WYGQ BQNTI DQ ESRLQk WdIN EeK P^fLl JARI KITA EJS C LALA LAJPT RAeQ No^ DQs DRhHI EKHA EGWA. KaGRS DI SETEGRA DI WSFLTA VL LhKa DA EdWAN KQ[DERT KREDWa EKHA EGWA EK PZB^d DI TBDILI LeI HEtWAR COKiA zRoRI Hw.

1927eI C DOSEHRQ DI EeK glNA DQ WdAR TQ SRKAR NQ bGT ES^g TQ jopA KQS PAEeWA WTQ EGZfTAR KRKQ LAHqR EKL|Q C WTQ EfR JQL| C REkWA. POLS DA KEHiA SI EK bGT ES^g DOSEHRQ DI bIr TQ

22

B^B SOliA CAHO^DA SI. HALaJh UOHDA MKSD KDQ VI WAPiQ DQs VASIWa No^ NOKSAN PHO^CAUOiA NHI[ SI. SBoT KheI NHI[ SI, Sh KOYj ECR MAR-KOYl MGRh[ UOHNo^ ERHA KR EDYTA EGWA.

SaXRS DA KTL 1927eI C SAEeMN KMIsN EH^DOSTAN WAEeWA. EeS KMIsN DA

MKSD bART C S^EVdANK Shda ELWAiA SI. EeS KMIsN DQ SARQ EM^BR W^GZQz SN. EKSQ EH^DOSTANI No^ EeS C sAML NHI[ KITA EGWA SI. EJHDQ KARN EeS KMIsN DQ EVROYd RhS DI EeK VXI LEHR NQ JNM ELWA. JDh[ EeH KMIsN LAHqR WPErWA Ta LhKa DI EeK VYXI bIr NQ KALIWa j^XIWa NAL EeSDA SVAGT KITA. LhKa C BrA RhH VQki No^ EML ERHA SI. EfR VI bIr NQ KheI KANo^N DQ EVROYd HRKT NHI[ SI KITI. MGR WwYS.PI. SKAl NQ bIr TQ X^XQ ShlQ CLVA EDYTQ. LhKa DI EeK VYXI EGiTI EeS KARVAeI C bwrI TR|a FYlr HheI.

bGT ES^g WTQ UOSDQ SAtI Ta PEHLa HI W^GZQz SAMRAJ DQ EVROYd bRQ PeQ SN. HOi UON|a EeS zALMANA KARVAeI DA BDLA Lwi DA ShC ELWA. EeK MIEl^G MGRh[ bGT ES^g, RAJGORo, SOkDQV, C^DR sQkR WzAD WTQ Jw GhPAL No^ WwYS.PI. JQ eQ SKAl No^ GhLI MARN DA K^M Sh[EPWA EGWA. 7 DS^BR 1928eI No^ UOH EXSlERKl POLS WAfS DQ NQrQ WPrQ. GhPAL NQ SKAl BARQ DSiA SI. Jw GhPAL NQ WAPiQ SAtIWa No^ EesARA KITA PR UOHNQ ~LTI KITI. EJS B^DQ No^ UOH SKAl SMj RHQ SN, UOH WSLh[ UOSDA SwEK^X JQ.PI. SaXRS SI. UON|a MhlR SAEeKL SlARl KRDQ SaXRS No^ GhLI DA ENsANA BiAEeWA WTQ UOYth[ NYS GeQ. UON|a DQ MGR EeK POLS HVALDAR C^Ni ES^g LG EGWA. EJS KARN MJBoRN UON|a No^ UOS TQ GhLI CLAiI PeI.

HOi bGT ES^g WTQ UOHDQ SAtIWa DA LAHqR C REHiA #TRQ Th[ #ALI NHI[ SI. POLS ta ta cAPQ MAR RHI SI. Sh UON|a P^JAB Th[ ENKL JAUOi DA fwSLA KITA. bGT ES^g lRQN RAHI[ KLKYTA JA PHO^ECWA. UOS VQQLQ UOHNQ ESR TQ fLwl Hwl PAeI SI WTQ Sol TQ uVRKhl PAEeWA HhEeWA SI.

KOYj ECR MGRh[ UOH VAPS P^JAB PZT WAEeWA.

EDYLI LwEJSLQElV WS^BLI C dMAKA EeSQ EVCKAR W^GZQz SRKAR NQ Dh KANo^N PBELK SQflI EBL WTQ

lRQXRz EXSEPUol JAio KRVAeQ. SQflI EBL DA MKSD Ta SRKAR No^

23

EKSQ VI EVWKTI No^ EBNA MOKYDMA CLAeQ EGZfTAR KRKQ KwD KRNA SI WTQ DoJQ EBL (lRQQXRz EXSEPUol EBL) DA MKSD MzDoRa No^ HrTAL Th[ RhKiA SI. EeH DhVQ[ EBL LhK-EVRhdI SN. EeHNa DA MKSD BRTANVI SAMRAJ DQ JBR No^ HhR VdAUOiA SI. EeH DhVQ[ KANo^N S^lRL LwEJSLQElV Kq[SL NQ Ta NKAR EDYTQ PR GVRNR JNRL NQ WAPiQ EVsQs WEdKAR VRTEDWa EeHNa No^ DOBARA LAGo KR EDYTA. NqJVAN bART SbA NQ JLSQ KITQ WTQ EeHNa KANo^Na DI EN^EDWA KITI. MGR EfR VI SRKAR NQ LhK-EVCARa DI PRVAH NA KREDWa EeHNa KANo^Na No^ VAPS Lwi Th[ EeNKAR KR EDYTA.

WAPiI PARlI DI EVCARdARA DA PRCAR KREDWa BRTANVI HKoMT No^ V^GARi WTQ UOP-MHaDIP DQ SOYTQ HheQ LhKa No^ HLoiA DQQi LeI bGT ES^g WTQ BI.KQ.DYT No^ EDYLI WS^BLI C Sw[PL B^B SOYli DI Ez^MQVARI EDYTI GeI, EJS DA MTLB #oN #RABA NHI[, SGh[ LhK-EVRhdI KANo^Na EVROYd WAPiI WVAz UOYCI KRNA SI. LARX EeRVN NQ DhVa EBLa TQ EVCAR LeI 28 WPZwL, 1929eI DA EDN EMEtWA. EeNKLABIWa NQ VI UOH EDN EVRhdTA KRN LeI COEiWA. bGT ES^g WTQ DYT NQ KQQ[DRI WS^BLI HAL C WAGRA DI EeK fwKlRI C BiQ HheQ B^B SOYl KQ BRTANVI SRKAR No^ bwEPT KRN DI KhEss KITI. B^B SOYli MGRh[ UOH UOYth[ fRAR NHI[ HheQ, SGh[ EeH NAWRQBAzI KRDQ RHQ EeNKLAB Ez^DABAD. SAMRAJ MORDABAD WAED.

EeHNa B^Ba DA BrA HI gYl NOKSAN HhEeWA WTQ EeHNa DA MKSD VI thrA EJHA shR PAiA WTQ DOENWA DA EdWAN EH^DOSTAN DI SEtTI VL KQ[DERT KRVAUOiA SI. bGT ES^g WTQ DYT NQ B^B SOYli DI Ez^MQVARI WPAiQ ESR Lw LeI WTQ WwLAN KITA EK UON|a DQ EeS DLIRI bRQ KARQ DA MKSD EeH SI:

1. EeHNa B^Ba DA MKSD EKSQ DI zAT No^ NOKSAN PHO^CAUOiA NHI[ SGh[ DOENWA No^ EeH DSiA SI EK EH^DOSTANI LhK EK^NQ MJBoR WTQ BQVYS HN.

2. DOENWA No^ VkAUOiA SI EK SAMRAJI HOKMRAN EK^NQ zALM HN WTQ UON|a EH^DOSTAN DQ LhKa No^ ~OLAMI DA JIVN JIUOi TQ MJBoR KITA HhEeWA Hw.

24

3. UON|a DA MKSD MJBoR WTQ MzLhM LhKa DQ RhH No^ DOENWA SAHMiQ ELWAUOiA SI EJHrQ WAPiIWa MOSIBTa WTQ MzLoMIWT DA PZGlAVA NHI[ KR SKDQ.

4. EeHNa DA MKSD SRKAR DQ BqLQ K^Na WTQ LhKa DIWa bAVNAVa No^ Wi-GEHLQ KITQ JAUOi DI NITI EVROYd EeK VAREN^G DQiA SI.

5. WEH^SA DQ BQKAR fLSfQ DI HKIKT LhKa TQ SPsl HhJAVQ Ta JQ UON|a No^ EeHSAS HheQ EK EeS PZKAR DIWA NITIWa NAL WzADI DI M^EzL PZAPT NHI[ KITI JA SKDI.

SQflI EBL VRGQ KANo^Na NAL EH^DOSTAN C WzADI DI LEHR No^ DBAEeWA NHI[ JA SKDA.

KhRl lARAEeL: 7 MeI 1929eI No^ EGZfTARI DQ EeK MHINQ MGRh[ DYT WTQ bGT

ES^g DQ EVROYd EDYLI WS^BLI B^B KQS WR^b HhEeWA. WwEXsNL MwEJSlRQl Wwf.BI.PhL DI WDALT C KQS CELWA. BwERSlR WAESf WLI bGT ES^g WTQ DYT VYLh[ WDALT C VKIL DQ TqR TQ PQs HheQ. DhVQ[ EeNKLABI EeNKLAB Ez^DABAD WTQ SAMRAJ MORDABAD DQ NAWRQ LaDQ RHQ EJS Th[ KAVr C WA KQ MwEJSlRQl NQ UON|a No^ KhRl C HtKrIWa LA KQ PQs KRN DA HOKM EDYTA. UON|a TQ dARA 307 WTQ EVSFhlK SMYGRI WwKl 1908 DI dARA 3 DQ Dhs LA KQ EeH KQS SwsN KhRl C W^GZQz JJ ELUoNARX MXELlN DI WDALT C gYL EDYTA EGWA. JYJ NQ 21 JoN 1929eI No^ PYkPAT DA PZGlAVA KREDWa DhVa NqJVANa No^ UOMR KwD DI SzA SOiAeI. EeH SARI WDALTI KARVAeI EeK fRAX WTQ kOYLA dhkA SI. jopQ GVAH PQs KITQ GeQ. EeK WwSA HI jopA GVAH W^GZQz SARJ^l lwRI SI EJHNQ EeH GVAHI EDYTI EK WS^BLI C B^B dMAKQ MGRh[ EGZfTARI VQLQ EeHNa KhLh[ PSThL BRAMD HhEeWA.

EeS EVCKAR NqJVAN bART SbA DQ KAEMWa DIWa VYXI PYdR TQ EGZfTARIWa HO^DIWa RHIWa. EeHDQ NAL HI JDh[ LAHqR DI EeK fwKlRI Th[ B^Ba DI EeK VYXI EGiTI HADSATI TqR TQ POLS DQ HYt LYG GeI Ta SOYkDQV WTQ EKshRI LAL SiQ BHOT SARQ EM^BRa No^ EGZfTAR KR ELWA EGWA. MGRh[ JDh[ JwPAL WTQ H^S RAJ VOHRA NQ POLS DQ SAHMiQ JORM DA EeKBAL KR ELWA Ta EH^DOSTAN ShsELSl RIPBLIKN WwShSIeQsN DQ xQR KAEMWa WTQ WAGoWa No^ Fr ELWA EGWA. ~DR PARlI VALA

25

XRAMA EfR DOHRAEeWA EGWA. EKUo[Jh POLS TsYDD DI W#IR MGRh[ JDh[ KeI EM^BRa DA KheI VYS NA CELWA Ta UON|a PARlI DQ SARQ RAz UOGL EDYTQQ WTQ SRKARI GVAH BiNA MNzoR KR ELWA. EeHNa SRKARI GVAH BiN VAELWA C PARlI DI S^lRL KMQlI DQ SYT EM^BR VI sAML SN. EeHNa glNAVa NQ LAHqR SAEzS KQS No^ JNM EDYTA. EeNKLABIWa EVROYd DQs DRhH DQ NVI[ KQS DRJ KITQ GeQ.

LAHqR SAEzS KQS DQ HALAT WTQ VAEKWAT: 10 JOLAeI 1930eI No^ LAHqR SAEZzs KQS DI SOiVAeI WR^b HheI.

bGT ES^g WTQ UOHDQ SAtI KhRl lRAEeL DQ DqRAN NAWRQBAzI KRDQ RHQ., KeI VAR UON|a JQL| Th[ KhRl JAUOi Th[ NaH KR EDYTI. EKUO[Jh UOH EeS KhRl lRAEeL EPYcQ LOKI BRTANVI SRKAR DI BDNITI BARQ C^GI TR|a JAio SN. WKToBR 1930eI C VAEeSRAeQ DQ EeK EVsQs WARXINw[S WdIN MOKYDMQ DI SOiVAeI B^D KMRQ C Hhi LYGI, EJHDQ C MOLzMa Ja GVAHa DI HAzRI VI zRoRI NHI[ SI. EeH SI W^GRZQz DQ ENWa WTQ RAJNITK WzADI DA DIVALIWAPN. KhRl DQ EeKYLM EeKYLQ EH^DOSTANI J^J EJHNa DA Na SYJAD HOSwN DESWA JaDA Hw, KhRl DQ WENWAeQ PoRN SbA EVROYd RhS DQ TqR TQ WSTIfA DQ EDYTA.

KwD DQ DqRAN JQL| C RAJNITK KwDIWa DI SEtTI DQ SOdAR LeI bGT ES^g WTQ UOHDQ SAtIWa VYLh[ L^MI bOYk HrTAL KITI GeI. UON|a RAJNITK KwDIWa DQ LeI JQL C SHoLTa DI M^G KITI. EKUo[Jh UOS VQLQ RAJNITK KwDIWa NAL DoJQ JORMa C SzA KYli VALQ KwDIWa VRGA HI SLoK KITA JaDA SI. JQL| KRMCARIWa NQ UON|a No^ zBRDSTI kAiA kVAUOi DIWa BtQRIWa KhEssa KITIWa PR SARIWa WSfL RHIWa. SRKAR WAPiI WrI TQ KAEeM RHI. bGT ES^g DA EeK SAtI DAS 63 EDNa DI L^MI bOYk HrTAL DQ NTIJQ C EBMAR Pw KQ CL VESWA. EeS glNA TQ SARQ EH^DOSTAN C KrA RhH SI. HR PASQ SRKAR DI ENkQdI Hhi LYGI.

DoJQ PASQ jopI WDALTI KARVAeI CLDI RHI EJHDQ ESYlQ C bGT ES^g WTQ UOHDQ SAtIWa No^ 7 WKToBR, 1930eI No^ faSI DI SzA SOiAeI GeI. 10 fRVRI 1931eI No^ bGT ES^g DQ XIfw[S Kq[SL VYLh[ PZIVI Kq[SL C KITI WPIL NAMNzoR HhGeI WTQ 23 MARC, 1931eI No^ EeHNa EeNKLABIWa bGT ES^g, RAJGORo WTQ SOkDQV ES^g No^ FAHQ LAUOi DA fwSLA KITA EGWA.

26

MOH^MD WLI EJNAH DA bGT E]S^g DI HMAEeT C bAsN eQ.JI. NoRANI HORa DI bART C cPi VALI POSTK The Trial

of Bhagat Singh: Politics of Justice DA EeK PoRA KaX EeS GYL BARQ HI Hw. EeS KaX DA Na Hw:

When Jinnah Defended Bhagat Singh 14 ST^BR 1929eI No^ MOH^MD WLI EJNAH NQ S^lRL WS^BLI C

bAsN ED^EDWa EKHA: bOYk HrTAL KRN VALQ B^DQ C VI JAN HO^DI Hw. UOH WAPiI JAN

DAW TQ LA ED^DA Hw EKUO[Jh UOHDA EeS GYL TQ EVsVAS HO^DA Hw EK UOH HYK TQ Hw.

PEHLA PZbAV Jh LbDA Hw UOH EeH Hw EK JDh[ EeK KQS 600 GVAHa DQ EBNA SABT NHI[ KITA JA SKDA, Ta EeH EeK #RAB KQS Hw

SRKAR NA KQVL EeHNa TQ MOKYDMA CLAiA CAHO^DI Hw WTQ EeHNa No^ JhXIsL lZEBUoNL Th[ SzA DVAUOiA CAHO^DI Hw SGh[ SRKAR NQ EeHNa LhKa DQ EVROYd yOYd WR^b KITA HhEeWA Hw. MwNo^ Ee^J JAPDA Hw EK UON|a EeH ShC ELWA Hw EK WSI[ EeHNa LhKa DQ EVROYd HR S^bV RAH, HR S^bV x^G WzMAVaGQ WTQ PoRA ElYL LAVaGQ EK Ja Ta EeHNa No^ FaSI EDYTI JAeQ Ja UOMR-KwD DI SzA EDYTI JAeQ WTQ EeS EVCKAR WSI[ EeHNa NAL EeK SEbWK EVKWTI VRGA SLoK VI NHI[ KRaGQ

KaGRS WTQ GadI DA EgiAUOiI boEMKA: JDh[ 1885 C EeK W^GZQz WwLN uKlQVIWN EHUoM NQ KaGRS DI

NI[H RYkI Ta EeH SRKAR (MHARAiI EVKlhRIWA) DI VfADAR PARlI SI. WAPiI ESRJiA DQ MOxLQ VER|Wa C EeS No^ SRKAR DI MEHR DI UOXIK REH^DI SI. EJVQ[ ~RIBa No^ WMIRa DI lQBL Th[ BCQ RhlI DQ lOKErWa DI UOXIK HO^DI Hw. KaGRS UOS VQLQ J^TA DQ EVCARa NAL EkLVAr KRN VALI, W^GQz SRKAR DQ HYta C EeK HEtWAR SI. KaGRS PARlI UOYTLQ VRG DQ bARTIWa DA EeK WEJHA KLB SI EJS DQ EM^BR Bi KQ SMAJ DQ PZESYd EVWKTIWa NAL UOH MQL EMLAP RYk SKDQ SN. GadI VI EH^DOSTAN C SAMRAJ DI KaGRS DQ Na TQ RCAeI GeI kQX DA EeK EgiAUOiA PATR SI.

27

ECYLI DQ JGT PZSYd NhBL EeNAM JQTo PABLh ENRhDA NQ GadI BARQ ELEkWA SI: UOH Lo^BrI VaGo^ MYKAR WTQ CLAK SI.

GadI NQ bGT ES^g WTQ UOHDQ SAtIWa DIWa KIMTI JANa GadI EeRVN SMjqTQ TQ KORBAN KRNIWa MNzoR KR LeIWa. GadI DQ EeS SObA BARQ WzAD EH^D fqJ DQ JNRL MhHi ES^g NQ ELEkWA EK UOH (GadI) bGT ES^g No^ FaSI Cr|N Th[ BCA SKDA SI PR UOS WAPiI WEH^SA DI WrI NA cYXI.

SGh[ GadI NQ LARX EeRVN No^ bGT ES^g WTQ UOHDQ SAtIWa No^ cQTI Th[ cQTI FAHQ LAUOi LeI EKHA. EKUo[Jh UOHNo^ XR SI EK thrQ EDNa MGRh[ KaGRS DQ KRACI EeKYp C EeS MOYDQ TQ kYP NA Pw JAeQ WTQ UOS TQ LARX EeRVN NAL Hhi VALQ SMjqTQ C bGT ES^g DI FaSI ROKVAi DA MAMLA COYKi LeI DBAW NA PAEeWA JA SKQ.

MqT DI SzA 7 WKToBR 1930eI No^ MKOYDMQ DA NAlK MOK EGWA. ET^Na SAtIWa

bGT ES^g, RAJGORo WTQ SOkDQV No^ FaSI DI SzA EDYTI GeI WTQ EKshRI LAL, MHaBIR ES^g, EVJQ KOMAR ESNHA, EsV VRMA, EGWA PZSAD, JwDQV WTQ KMLNAt TQVARI No^ UOMR KwD DI SzA SOiAeI GeI. bGT ES^g, RAJGORo WTQ SOYkDQV No^ LAHqR Sw[lRL JQL| DI FaSI VARX C gYL EDYTA EGWA.

JDh[ EKSQ KwDI No^ MqT DI SzA SOiAeI JaDI Hw Ta UOHDA bAR glNA sOORo Hh JaDA Hw. WYka C MqT DA bwW ERrKi LYG Pw[DA Hw. PR bGT ES^g Ta bGT ES^g SI, JQL| KRMCARIWa DA KEHiA SI EK MqT DI SzA BhLi MGRh[ bGT ES^g DA bAR gYli DI ta VdiA sORo Hh EGWA.

SzA MGRh[ DQ cQ MHINQ UOHNQ JQL| DI KhprI C KZaTI DI SFLTA LeI EVCAR KRDQ EBTAeQ.

EKHA JaDA Hw EK FaSI DQ VQLQ bGT ESg^ NQ FaSI DQ F^DQ No^ CO^M KQ WAPiQ GL DA HAR BiA ELWA SI WTQ EeNKLAB Ez^DABAD DQ UOYCI UOYCI NAWRQ LAeQ. 23 MARC 1931eI DI sAM No^ 7 VJQ WzADI DA PRVANA bGT ES^g WzADI VASTQ FaSI DQ T#TQ UOYTQ joL EGWA. UOS VQLQ UOSDI UOMR MSa 24 VR|Q SI. bGT ES^g DI FaSI DI #BR NAL LhKa C xQR RhH PwDA Hh EGWA. UOH EeK VYXQ JYtQ DQ RoP C Sw[lRL JQL| LAHqR DQ BAEHR EeKYpQ HhGeQ. EeS TQ JQL| DQ MOLAzMa NQ RAT DQ HNQRQ C

28

EPcLQ PASQ DI K^d b^N KQ EeS GbRo P^JABI DI DQH BAEHR KYxI WTQ STLOJ DQ K^xQ LOYK cOP KQ UOHDA W^TM SSKAR KR EDYTA WTQ SVAH No^ fwRhzPOR DQ NQrQ DERWA C VGAH EDYTA.

bGT ES^g DI s#SIWT WTQ EVCAR: bGT ES^g EeK BrA zHIN NqJVAN SI. JDh[ UOH GYL KRDA Ta

SOiN VALQ BrA PZbAEVT HO^DQ. UOH KheI BHOT C^GA bAsN DQi VALA NHI[ SI PR UOHDIWa GYLa C ETYkAPN WTQ bAVNA DI SYCAeI HO^DI SI.

UOH KQVL EeK bAVOK NqJVAN NHI[ SI SGh[ UOH Pr|N ELki DA BHOT VYd sqKIN WTQ EVsV MAMELWa TQ Gor|I NzR RYki VALA EVWKTI SI. WAPiI MqT Th[ PEHLa VI UOH BrQ SKoN NAL EeK POSTK Pr|N C ROYjA HhEeWA SI.

UOHDQ W^DR PZVAR NAL PZQM KRN VALA, bwia bRaVa DQ ERsETWa No^ bAVNA PYkh[ MAi B#si VALA, MNOYkI KDRa WTQ P^JAB DIWa EVsQs KDRa NAL JOErWA HhEeWA MNOYk EVCRDA SI.

UOH WwSA MO^XA SI EK JD UOHNo^ UOHDQ MATA EPTA NQ EKHA EK TQRA EVWAH KRNA Hw Ta UOHNQ EeH UOYTR DQ KQ EVWAH KRN Th[ NaH KR EDYTI

JQKR ~OLAM EH^DOSTAN C MQRA EVWAH HhEeWA Ta MQRI VhHlI KQVL MqT BiQGI. MQRI WRtI HI MQRI J^J HheQGI WTQ EeS DQs DQ sHID UOHDQ JaJI HhiGQ.

WGR WYJ UOH Ez^DA Hw Ta UOS DA KARN UOHDA LhKAeI DQ PYk C kLhiA WTQ LhKAeI SOdAR DA EeK WEJHA xaCA grN DA EVCAR SI EJS DA HhR KheI BDL NHI[ SI. UOH NA KQVL EVDQsIWa DI ~OLAMI EVROYd LErWA, SGh[ UOS NQ EKSQ VI PZKAR DI LOYl kSOYl, EVTKRQBAzI EVROYd XYl KQ S^gRs KITA. UOH MNOYkI EHYTa DA EeK MHAN j^XA-COYK SI.

EeK VAR UOS NQ WAPiI MATA No^ ELEkWA SI EK Ma MwNo^ EeS BARQ KheI sYK NHI[ EK MQRA DQs EeK EDHAr WzAD Hh JAeQGA. PR MwNo^ XR Hw EK UOH KORSIWa EJHrIWa GhRQ SAEHB #ALI KRNGQ, UON|a TQ KALQ BABo Bwp JAUOiGQ.

EeS Th[ WSI[ GVQQr LA SKDQ Ha EK UOH EK^NI DoR DI ShC RYki VLA EVWKTI SI. UOSDI bEVk TQ VI Gor|I NzR SI.

29

ELYki Pr|N DA ROjAN: bGT ES^g NQ EeNKLABI EVCAdARA No^ WPiAUOi MGRh[ LhKAeI

TIK VI Ee^KLABI EVCAR PHO^CAUOi DQ UOPRALQ KITQ. P^JAB C KITRI EKSAN PARlI VYLh[ EeK PRCA UORDo WTQ P^JBI C PZKAsT KITA JaDA SI. bGT ES^g NQ UOS C WAEeRLw[X DQ KRaTIKARIWa BARQ LQk ELkQ. DoJA MHTVPoRN LQk sHID bGT ES^g khJ KMQlI, LOEdWAiA VYLh[ ShdI GeI POSTK sHID bGT ES^g WTQ UON|a DQ SAtIWa DIWa ELkTa (1985) Hw. EeS C 22-7-1918eI DI ECYpI Th[ Lw KQ 22-03-1931eI DIWa KheI 105 ELkTa sAML HN. ECYpIWa Th[ VYk EeS C P^JAB DI bAsA WTQ ELYPI DQ MOYDQ VALA LQk VI sAML Hw. EeS Th[ VYk ~DR LEHR DI EVEtWA, lRQX yoNIWN EBL, RAJ PLlAUo GOPT SAzsa, bART EeNKLABI LEHR DQ MOYk NQTA XA. EMtRA ES^g, SofI W^BA PZSAD, KZTAR ES^g SRAbA, KoKA LEHR, sHID MDN LAL xI[GRA, EDYLI KQS DQ sHID WAED UOS DQ EVsQs LQk HN.

MOSLMAN LQkKa VYLh[ bGT ES^g No^ sRdaJLI MOSLMAN LQkKa NQ sHID bGT ES^g BARQ BHOT SARIWa KEVTAVa

WTQ POSTKa RCIWa. SGh[ SYb Th[ PEHLa bGT ES^g No^ sHID WAki DA S^NMAi VI MHAN JOjARo PYTRKAR MqLANA zfR WLI #AN KhL Hw. UON|a bGT ES^g DI sHIDI DQ WGLQ EDHAr HI bGT ES^g WTQ UOSDQ SAtIWa DQ HVALQ NAL WAPiI EeK KEVTA sHIDAEN VTN WAPiQ W#BAR zMI[DAR C cAPI. EJS DA PEHLA EsWR Ee^J Hw:

sHIDAEN VTN KQ #oEN NAHYK KA Jh SYT ENKLQ Th UOS KQ zYRQ zYRQ SQ bGT ES^g uR DYT ENKLQ

PAEKSTAN DQ PZES^d ES^dI SojVAN sQ# WyAz HORa bGT ES^g WTQ UOSDQ SAtIWa TQ EeK bRVa KEVTA RoPL NAlK ELEkWA. EDWAL ES^g ERSRC Ww[X KLRCL fqRM VYLh[ VI bGT ES^g DI s#SIWT BARQ LQka WTQ KEVTa TQ WdAERT EeK POSTK PZKAsT KITI GeI. SABR zfR NQ 2001eI C cPi VALI WAPiI KEVTAVa DI POSTK EzNDAN MQ[ Ez^DGI WMR Hw bGT ES^g HORa No^ SMZEPT KITI. EeS POSTK DI PEHLI ~zL HI bGT ES^g DQ Na Hw. EeS ~zL DQ KOYj EsWR Ee^J HN:

DQkA TQRI sAN Th yQH JANA Ez^DAN MQ[ Ez^DGI WMR Hw yQH HM Jh LHo UOcALTQ Hw[

30

SMj EK yQH SOR#I SEHR Hw #OD RSTA BiA RHQ Hw[ WPiA REHBR Hw NA KheI HMSfR Hw Hw DAR Kh PAR KRNA BAKI M^EzL Th zfR KRIBTR Hw

Jhs MLIHWBADI KEH^DQ HN: VhH bGT ES^g WYB bI EJS KQ ~^M MQ[ EDL NAsAD Hw. UOS KI GRDN MQ[ Jh XALA tA VhH F^DA yAD Hw.

MqLANA HSRT MoHANI DI sRdaJLI DA EeK fOYL: WAzADI-eQ EH^D KI #AEHs Kh MKBoL #AS-u-WAM KIWA EDL WHEL ESTM KQ DEHL GeQ Jh DYT bGT NQ KAM KIWA

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