bhavika goyal final portfolio complete

INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN

PORTFOLIORESIDENTIAL DESIGN Dezyne Ecole College,Indiawww.dezyneecole.com

Bhavika Goyal1ST Year Diploma

&B.Sc. Interior Design

Project Report On

Residential Design

Submitted To

Dezyne Ecole College

Towards The Partial Fulfillment For

The Award Of Diploma In

Interior Design As

Technical Knowledge Development Of

Residential Space Planning

Included With The

Bachelor Degree Program Of Interior Design

By

Bhavika Goyal


Civil Lines, Ajmer, India

Www.Dezyneecole.Com

2014-2017

The Project of Ms. Bhavika Goyal has been checked and has been graded as

Thanking You

Principal

(Seal & Signature)


Civil Lines, Ajmer, India

www.dezyneecole.com

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Project Residential Space Planning has enlightened me about various aspects ofplanning a residential building.

I give my sincere thanks to Dezyne Ecole College and to my Mentors who gave me theopportunity to know about the various aspects of Residential Space Planning andhelped me in preparing the project.

Last but not the least thanks to God for keeping me in good health because of him Iwas able to submit my project on time.

Bhavika GoyalB.Sc.- Interior Design

INTRODUCTION

To Be Creative Is A Part Of Human Psyche. It Is One Of Those Traits That Set Us Apart From OtherAnimal Species And We Have Practiced It For Millennia. Even When Our Prime Need Was To FindFood And Shelter, We Felt A Desire To Leave Our Mark On The Environment That We Inhabited.Whether This Was To Satisfy Some Deep Spiritual Calling Or A Method Of Passing On A VitalKnowledge To Fellow Group Members, Or Whether It Was Simply A Way For An Individual ToSatisfy An Urge To Leave His Mark For Future Generations, We Will Never Know. For Just As Long,People Have Turned Inquisitive Minds To Ways Of Solving Problems Such As How To Work MoreEfficiently, How To Live More Comfortably And How To Be Safe From Danger.

Today, These Primitive And Fundamental Indicators Of Human Nature May Be Expressed In MoreSophisticated And Developed Ways, But The Primal Simplicity Of Our Human Desire To Make ABetter And More Comfortable World For Ourselves Is Evidenced Through, Amongst OtherThings., How We Organize The Space That We Inhabit, And The Aesthetic That We Make For Them.As We Have Become More Affluent And Blessed With More Leisure Time, Style Has Become MoreImportant To Us And Is Something With Which We Want To Imbue Our Homes. But Style Is A VeryPersonal Notion, So Why Should Anyone Look To Employ Someone Else, An Interior Designer, ToTell Them What Is Right? Why, For That Matter, Should We As A Designer Presume To Impose OurIdeas Upon A Space That Isnt Our Own?

The Answer Of This Interior Design Is All About So Much More Than What Looks Right. It Is AboutTaking Holistic View Of The Way That Individuals Use And Enjoy The Spaces That They Inhabit. It IsAbout Finding And Crating A Cohesive Answer To A Set Of Problems And Dressing The Solutions So AsTo Unify And Strengthen Our Experience Of The Space. Many People Understand This And That TheyDo Not Have The Necessary Skills To Tackle The Job Themselves. And So There Is The Need ForProfessional Interior Designers.

Good Interior Design Adds A New Dimension To A Space. It Can Increase Our Efficiency In The Way WeGo About Our Daily Lives And It Adds Depth Understanding And Meaning Of The Built Environment.Thoughtful And Well-crafted Design Makes A Space Easier To Understand And Experiencing Such ASpace Lifts The Spirit. It Is, Therefore, Not Just About Aesthetic, It Is A Practical And PhilosophicalDesign.

Beautiful Spaces Betray A Logical And Rational Questioning Of The Status Quo And Can Be An HonestAttempt To Find New And Exciting Way To Lead Our Lives. Planners Are Often Asked To MakeEstimates Of Space Needs Before Having An Opportunity To Make Policies Or Detailed Plans ForOperations. Here The Interior Designer Studies About The Space And Its Surrounding Influences On It ,Like Orientation Of The Space ,Day Lighting, Ventilation, HVAC ,Lighting, Landscaping All DependingOn The Personality Of The Space. These Then Lead To Development Of The Structural Features Of TheBuilding As It Influences The Utilization Of The Space.

Interior Decorators On The Other Hand Generally Work With Existing Spaces That Do Not RequirePhysical Alteration. Through The Use Of Color ,Light And Surface Finish , They Will Transform The LookOf The Space, Perhaps Making It Suitable To Function In A Different Way From That For Which It WasOriginally Designed , But With Very Little Or No Change To The Structure Of The Building. The ScopeOf The Projects Undertaken Will Vary From The Purely Decorative . To Ones Where A Great Deal OfStructural Change Is Required To Meet The Brief. An Interior Designer Will Completely Handle TheSpace Planning And Creation Of Decorative Scheme At The Same Time As Considering MajorStructural Changes.

Lets Understand The Work Of An Interior Designer.

1. Interior Design As A Skill Branch:Building Engineering Was A Pioneer Design Field Out Of Which Many Specialties Like Architecture,Civil Engineering And Interior Designing Have Separated . All These Skills Deal With Buildings UsingMany Common Materials And Techniques . Interior Design As A Result Has Certain Affinity ToArchitecture . In Recent Years Many Other Design Skills Like Urban Design, Town Planning, Mass OrPublic Housing, Landscape Architecture Etc. Have Merged From Architecture . In Future Many OtherSkills May Also Emerge From Interior Design.

2.Building And Design Interventions:A Building Once Constructed Is Initially Readied For Occupation By The Original Designer . HoweverBuildings Last For Ages And During The Lifespan , Must Be Altered And Updated Several Times.Architects Or Building Engineers Are Unavailable , Or Have No Income Incentive For Such Frivolity.During Early Middle Ages Or Perhaps Even Earlier , Low-skilled Art-painters Were Hired To Paint AndDecorate Old Buildings Inside And Outside . The Painters Known As Decorators , Worked Along WithAssociates , To Not Only Paint But Undertake Repairs, Make Furniture And Update Furnishings. ManyCrafts-persons Like , Iron-smiths, Guilders, Glass Blowers , Weavers, Embroiders, Rug And CarpetMakers, Sculptors, Mural Makers Were Associated With The Decorator As Jobbers And Suppliers .Later All These Services Were Handled By A Person , The Interior Decoration Was A Service For TheBuilding But Always Was Distinct From The Architect From The Architecture Or Building Engineering.Interior Decorator Was Neither A Variant, Nor Subservient To The Architect.

3. Interior Decorator To Interior Designer:Interior Decorator Worked As A Facilitator, Scheduling And Coordinating The Activities WhileSupervising The Quality Of Various Vendors. The Interior Decorator Now Even Offered ComprehensiveDesign Solutions With Alternative To Their Clients. Interior Decoration Became A Well- DocumentedStrategy, Serving Two Basic Purpose. It Helped Creation Of A Functional System By Coordinating Skills, Materials And Objects Sourced

From Different Agencies.

It Showed The User Of Client, In Advance, The Solution, In A Respective Form A Surrogate

Once The First Objective Was Achieved Without Being Continuously Present On The Site It WasPossible For The Interior In Charge Person To Devote More Tome And Attention To The SecondObjective. The Interior Decorator Began To Play A Very Active Role Of A Professional Interior DesignerRather Than Being Simply A Site Bound Interior Contractor.

4. Design Studio-The Interior Designer Now Operated From A Design Office Or Studio, Usually Located In An UrbanArea. The Studio Was Used For Creating Drawings, Sketches, Other Presentations, Models, Prototypes,Dummies, Cartoon (Replicas Of Artwork In Full Size), Samples Etc. It Contained Samples Of MaterialsAnd Catalogues. The Studio Was A Fixed Location Facility Where Interior Designer Was Able To MeetClients, Suppliers And Crafts- Persons.

5. Design+ Execution Practice-Schematic Documentation Of Design Has Been Very Difficult. And The Most Irritating Aspect OfBusiness. Amateur Interior Designers ( Formally Untrained Hobbyists) Lack The Capacity To DocumentTheir Design Intentions, So Prefer To Work On The Site, Providing Oral Instructions To Contractor OrTheir Workers. Many Interior Designers, Even Today Where Practicable Would Like To Execute TheirWork By Themselves. The Tradition Of Combining Design+ Execution Persists For Many Reasons.

Interior Components Require Complex Details And Materials For Their Sensorial Qualities. TheseAre Difficult To Present Through Formal Design Documentation, And Must Be Effected OnlyThrough Personal Involvement.

Interior Designing Involves Improvisation. The Coordinated Effect Can Be Achieved Only WhenComponents Or Systems Are Substantially Produced By The Designers Themselves.

Amateur Or Untrained Interior Designers Do Not Have Such Proficiencies.

6. Forms Of Interior Design Practices:Today Many Different Forms Of Interior Design Practices Exist Ranging From:PURE DESIGN (Design Only).DESIGN + SUPPLY.DESIGN + SUPPLY + EXECUTION.

7. Interior Design and other Design Professions:Interior Design Like Any Other Design Profession, Is An Interdependent Profession. Interior DesignersWork In Conjunction With Other Design Professionals, Who Need Interior Design Contribution In TheirWork, Such As Architects, Building Engineers, Landscape Designers , Furniture And Product Designers,Exhibition And Event Managers. Interior Designers Also Use Expertise Of Other Professionals For TheirWork. These Include Environmental Engineers, Ecologists, Furnishing Experts, Textile Designers,Painters, Sculptors, And An Array Of Crafts Persons.

8. Specialization in Interior Design:Interior Designers Like Other Professionals Also Face A Dilemma, Should They Specialize Or Be AGeneralist? To Become A Specialist One Needs To Limit The Work To Projects Of Particular Nature. ButIt Is Very Difficult To Get Projects To Suit A Predefined Field Of Specialization. In Reality, As And WhenOpportunities Arise, A Designer Preferences Project That Builds Up The Specific Sphere Of Experience.The Refined Capability Can Then Be Used For Handling Similar But Complex Jobs.Acute Specialization In A Particular Field Also Leads To Generalization, As One Handles Only One OrFew Types Of Projects. Interior Designers By Handling Only Specific Projects Achieve An Expertise InThe Field, But Gradually Lose The Capacity To Handle Other Projects. Whereas A Generalist , ByHandling All Sorts Of Projects, Perhaps Gains A Wider Experience, Economics Of Scale (Turnover), ButAt Compromised Quality.

Some Degree Of Specialization Is Becoming Apparent In Interior Design. Some Of The Major Fields ToHave Distinct Identities Within The Ambit Of Interior Designers Beyond Their Role Of Furnishers AreAlso Ideal As Maintenance, Persons And Operators Of Buildings.

Large Organizations (Hotels, Guest Houses, Corporate Head Offices, Museums, Showrooms,Departmental Stores) Have Estates, Substantially Consisting Of Buildings, Furniture, Furnishings,Plants, Equipment, Utilities, Gardens And Landscaped Lands.

Interior Design Turning Today Includes Design Drafting And Presentation Technologies In DigitalMedia. Interior Designers With Competence In Computerized Drafting (AUTOCAD) 3D Modelling,Animation, Walk Through, Rendering, Etc. Find Employment In Many Other Design Fields. InteriorDesign Training Consists Of Color, Rendering, Graphics And Presentation Techniques, Preparing ThemFor The Diversion To Graphics Related Fields, Like Artworks, Advertising, Cinematography, Exhibitions,Publicity, Etc.

WHAT IS A HOUSE?

A House Is A Place Of Communication For The Family For Domestic Activities, For Living, Working,Eating And Sleeping. It Is A Place Where Family Goes To Be With Each Other.

A Home Means Different Things To Different People , For Some It Is A Comfort Zone And A SecureHeaven Where The Mind, Body And Soul Is At Peace And Rest; For Others Its An Expression Of TheirCreativity, Aesthetics And Individuality; And For Yet Others Its A Showcase Of What They HaveAchieved In Life.

Whatever Your Temperament Or Aspirations ,Your Home Reflects Your Familys Signature And IsUnique In Its Own Way. A House Says A Lot About The People Who Live In It.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERIOR DESIGNING AND DECORATING

Many People Use The Terms Interior Design And Interior Decorating Interchangeably, But TheseProfessions Differ In Critical Ways.

Interior Design Is The Art And Science Of Understanding Peoples Behavior To Create FunctionalSpaces Within A Building. Decoration Is The Furnishing Or Adorning Of A Space With Fashionable OrBeautiful Things. In Short, Interior Designers May Decorate But Decorators Do Not Design.

Interior Designers Apply Creative And Technical Solutions Within A Structure That Are Functional,Attractive And Beneficial To The Occupants Quality Of Life And Culture. The Interior Design ProcessFollows A Systematic And Coordinated Methodology, Including Research, Analysis And Integration OfKnowledge Into The Creative Process To Satisfy The Needs And Resources Of The Client.

My Skills And Working

To Enrich My Skills And Knowledge , I Have Studied Various Topics In My Degree Program.These Are:

Elements And Principles Of Design- I Have Learnt About Seven Major Elements Of Design I.E. Line,Shape,form,colour, Texture, Value And Pattern. And Principles Of Design I.E. Unity, Balance, Scale AndProportion, Rthym,emphasis Etc. I Have Also Studied Color Theory.History Of Art And Architecture- I Have Studied About Different Civilizations Including Stone AgeCivilization, Egyptian Civilization , Indus Valley Civilization, Aryan Civilization. I Have Also StudiedAbout The Temple Architecture Of India And About Different Painters Of IndiaBuilding Contruction I Have Studied Various Topics Including Technical Parts Of A Building I.E.Foundation, Plinth, Roof, Floor, Ceiling, Door, Windows Etc. , Different Types Of Doors And Windows,Different Types Of Stairs, Arches , Bricks Masonry And Stone Masonry.Interior Materials- I Have Also Studied About The Interior Materials.Space Planning Principles- I Have Also Learnt About Residential Space Planning Methodology AndLouis Kahns Principle

During My First Year Of Degree Program, I Have Visited A Construction Site Of A Flat. I Have AlsoParticipated In The Identity Exhibition On The Concept Of Smart City. In The Subsequent Slides MyWorking Is Shown.

RESIDENTIAL DESIGNThe design has to be functional so that the person can feel the

space, express his self at the same time enjoy the space.

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Whenever Any Planning Has To Be Done One Needs To Pay

Attention To :

Who Is The Client And What Are His/her Requirements.Locality Of The Plot(location).Landmarks To The Plot.Mark Directions On The Plot.Climatology Of That Location1. Macro Climate 2. Micro Climate Day Lighting And Ventilation

All These Above Features Lead To Development Of The Building Envelope As We Have To Design A Sustainable Building Designs And At The Same Time Green Building Designs

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SOME OF THE STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED FOR GOOGLE MAPS

Locate Your Site On The Google MapsGoogle Maps Offer Aerial And SatelliteViews Of Many Places. It Also ProvidesDetailed Information About GeographicalRegions And Sites Around The World.

It Can Help Us Locate Various Sites In A Particular Area.We Can Also Use A Map To Find Out Nearby Facilities.This Allows Us To Get Information In Short Span Of Time.

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SITE CONTOURS

Contour Maps Provide Valuable Information About The Topography Of The Area,Whether It Is Flat, Undulating Or Mountainoueous. The Nature Of The Ground Surface OfAn Area Can Be Understood By Studying A Contour Map.

SITE SELECTION AND ANALYSIS

Location Of The Site , Site Analysis , Site And Its Surrounding Are First Undertaken.Site Analysis Is The Process Of Surveying Or Studying The Existing Environment And How It WillInfluence The Structural Design And Layout On The Site. Site Analysis Must Be Completed FirstBefore Design Development Commences.

Distance From Railway Station 1200m Distance From Bus Stand 650m

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Savitri College

Road

Proposed Site

Residential

ZoneAjmer Hospital

R.T.D.C

SPECIFICATIONS:

Proposed

Site

Residential

Zone

Ajmer

Hospital

R.T.D.C

Savitri

College

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ACCESSIBILTY TO THE SITE

The Main Entrances And The Main Road Abutting The Site Is Very Important For Any Kind OfProject.

NPropose

d Site

Proposed

Site

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CONNECTIVITY TO MAIN ROAD AND SUB-ROADS

Connectivity Of The Site To The Main Roads And Sub Roads, To Major Landmarks Like RailwayStation, Bus Stand Etc. Must Be Check.Distance From The Major Landmarks Such As : Shopping Centers (1.2km) Railway Stations (2.5km) Hospital (350m) Bus Stand (1km) Dimensions Of The Site (54x50)

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MAJOR LANDMARKS

Proposed

Site

Residential

Zone

Ajmer

Hospital

R.T.D.

C

Savitri

College

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ORIENTATION OF THE SITE

NORTH

SOUTH

WEST EAST

WINTER SUN

SUMMER SUN

INTENSE SUN

Preferred

Zone For

Building

Orientation

Acceptable

QUADRANT

Of Windows

orientation

TOTAL SHADE

First Of All We Need To PayAttention To The Direction OfThe Sun And Its Movement InThe Four Directions.If We Pay Attention To TheDiagram Of Suns Movement WeSee The Sun Rises From East AndThe Color Of The Suns Light AtThat Time Is Tender Yellow, TheWhole South Direction IsCompletely Lighted UpThroughout The Day And Is TheMost Hot Direction But At TheSame Time The Cool Wind BlowsFrom West Direction Too. So It IsVery Important To Have TheBuilding Oriented From East ToWest Because Then The HouseWill Have More Sunlight And Air.

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ORIENTATION OF THE SITES

N

Well Oriented Buildings Maximize Day Lighting It IsImportant To Remember That The Position Of TheSun In The Sky Is Dynamic.

If The Placement Of Doors And Windows Is DoneAccording To The Orientation, The House Will BeMore Lighted Up And There Will Be No Use Of OtherEnergy Sources In Daytime And The Circulation Of AirWill Also Be Better.

The Building Orientation Have An Impact OnHeating, Lighting And Cooling Costs.

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CLIMATOLOGY FACTORS

Climatology Is The Branch Which Deals WithThe Climate And Changes Throughout The YearOf The Weather.

Macro Climate Of India: Location Of India In The World Is

Northeast Direction . Longitude Of India 88 To 90 Latitude Of India 8 To 37 The Whole India Has A Tropical Monsoon

Climate, Since The Greater Part Of TheCountry Lies Within The Tropics.

Climate can be sub-divided into two major divisions :

1. Macro climate2. Micro climate

We have to study the micro climate and macro climate structure .

23 N23 N

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MACRO CLIMATE

Climate And Temperature OfAjmer: Ajmer Has A Typical Desert

Climate And Hot And Arid. Summers Are Hot With

Maximum TemperatureNear 40c While TheMinimum Is Nearly 28c.

Winters Are Chilly WithMinimum Temperature Of5c.

Longitude Of Ajmer 7442North.

Latitude Of Ajmer 2627East.

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MICRO CLIMATE

Micro climate zone

Setting And Site Layout Followed By LandscapingCan Improve The Microclimate Around A Building,Taking Advantage Of Existing TopographicalFeature, Adjacent Buildings And Vegetation ForSolar Protection. Good Site Layout Can Also TakeGrater Advantage Of Local Breezes By TheFormation Of Air Funnels And Also Aid NaturalVentilation By Staggering Oh The Building Layout.The Presence Of Water And Vegetation On The SiteCan Also Be Used For Natural Cooling. Good SiteLayout Can Reduce Cooling Loads Appreciably ByOptimizing Natural Solar Protection And LocalBreezes.Elements Of Site Design That Can Be Used ForEfficient Natural Cooling Include Landscaping,Orientation To Sun And Wind, Building Shape AndPlanning And Natural Ventilation.

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SUSTAINABILITY FACTORS

For any design to be efficient , we need to focus on following parameters:

Energy efficiency

Water efficiency

Material efficiency

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DAYLIGHT

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Day lighting is a practice of placing windows or other openings and reflective surfaces so thatduring the day natural light provides effective internal lighting.

Benefits of day lighting: It is a full spectrum source of light. It increases productivity and decreases sick time. It reduce electrical consumption and reduce cavity. Mirrors can be used to create illusion to make a room/area look big.

Principles of good daylight practice:Level & distribution of light depends on Geometry of space. Location. Orientation of windows and other openings. Characteristics of internal surface.

DAYLIGHT

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

The Objective To Design A Window Is ToProvide As Much Of The Indoor LightingRequirement With Day Lighting WithoutCompromising Other Energy.

wide windows are used for viewing purposeand tall windows are used for having sunslight inside the house.

The Whole South Direction Is CompletelyLighted Up Throughout The Day , WideWindows Are Used In Southern Side So ThatNo Glare Can Come Inside The House .

Northern Side Is A Darker Zone , It Has LessSuns Light If We Use Tall Windows InNorthern Side maximum Suns Light Can BeEntered Inside The House.

NORTH

NORTH

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VENTILATION

ENERGY EFFICIENCYVENTILATION may be defined as supply of fresh outside air into an enclosed space or the removalof inside air from the enclosed space. In other words, ventilation is the removal of all vitiated airfrom a building and its replacement with fresh air.Ventilation may be achieved either by natural or artificial(or mechanical) means.In a room air exchange takes place minimum 1 time and maximum 60 times.

The rate of natural ventilation depends on two effects: Wind effect Stack effect

Movement of wind through windows

Wind

Wind

Wind

Wind

Wind

Wind

Wind

WindWind

Wind Wind

Wind

Wind

VENTILATION

Pressure

Zone

Pressure

Zone

Suction Zone Suction Zone

(a) a> 30

a

a

(b) a<

30

Suction Zone

Pressure

Zone

Outlet

Wind pressure and suction zone

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

VENTILATION

Outl

et

Roof

OutletOutlet

WallFloor

Inlet Inlet

(a)

Outlet Outlet

FloorWall

Roof

(b)

Wind pressure and suction zone

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

VENTILATION

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Cross Ventilation

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RAINWATER HARVESTING

Rain water harvesting : It is also another important factor of building envelope. Landscaping,water body, heat insulated material, cavity wall are use to control air and heat. Rainwaterharvesting is a technique used for collecting, storing and using rainwater for landscape irrigationand other uses.

Water Efficiency

Soft floor

Water tank

Water table increases

soil

rainwater

LANDSCAPING

Landscaping can improve the microclimate in both summer andwinter, providing shading, evaporate cooling and wind channelingin summer, or shelter in winter. Vegetation absorbs large amountsof solar radiation in summer helping to keep the air and groundbeneath cool while evapotranspiration can further reducetemperatures.

Landscaping

BRICK AND STONE

A knowledge about building material help us to design better houses . Presenting my learning skill in subsequent

SITE SERVICES

Study of services on site is also very important they are

Water supply

Electricity lines

Drainage lines

I have included them in later project

BUILDING BYELAWS

Building Bye Laws Consist Of Certain Rules And Regulation Framed By A Municipal Or TownPlanning Or Urban Development Board To Control The Development Of Area Under ItsJurisdiction.

All Mandatory Plan Regulation Regarding Use, Land Use, Coverage, Set-back And Open Space.The Minimum Set Backs To Be Leave In A Building Should Be From Front Is 10 From Both TheSide And Back 3 To 5.

Number Of Stories And Number Of Dwelling Units. Parking Standards, Lighting And Ventilation Of Room. Distances From Electric Lines And Structural Safety Requirement. Size And Height Of Room And Other Requirement Of The Building. Fire Protection Requirements Like Fire Proof Door, Emergency Alarm System, Fire Pump, Fire

Lift And Fire Resistance Materials. Building Services Which Include Electrical Installations, Air Conditioning, Heating And Plumbing

System Etc.

To Follow Building Bye Laws, We Can Make A Building Which Has Proper Ventilation, Good Daylighting, Air Circulation, Open Space And Many Other Advantage.

PLOT AREA

Specifications Plot Area- 300 sq.

yards (54*50) Parking Area- 17*15 Covered Area- 45*34 Wall 9 Pillar 16 M; Plot Area

Parking Area

Covered Area

Wall

Pillars

In My Residential Space Planning, I Have Paid Attention To The Building Bye Laws Also. TheMinimum Set Backs I Have Leave In My Building Is ;From Front 10, From Both The Side And Back 3.I Have Also Included The Parking Standards In My Residential Space Planning.

PLANNING METHODOLOGY

To plan any building we need to focus is main things they are:

Space planning

Anthropometrics

Ergonomics

PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING

Every human being has a different personality that consists of one or more characteristics. Theirpersonalities react differently in different environment or with different people.Consider a space as a person. Every space has its own personality with several specialcharacteristics that differ by project, these characteristics cause the space to interact with otherspaces in a certain manner, these characteristics can be categorized as 6 expressions of humanbehavior.

Leading/ Following Grouping Loner Servant Watcher Outreaching

LEADING/FOLLOWING

LEADER

FO

FO

FO

FO

LIVING

ROOM

POWDE

R RROM

KITCHEN

RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURAL

FIRM

BANK THEATRE

LEADING LIVING ROOM PRINCIPALS OFFICE

WAITING

SPACE

LOBBY,

THEATRE

GROUPING

People gather for a certain purpose, same objective , interest or goal. By imitating thischaracteristics the spaces that carry the same GROUPING character gather as a group thesespaces are related to each otherFor example A living room will prefer a kitchen to be next to it because will discussing or doingany other leisure activity a person love to eat food or drink coffee/tea. So this space needs to benext to the living room. The kitchen is generally known as the worker space.

Gr Gr

Gr

LONER ( BEDROOM )

This character affects the space with response to distance from group. A person who prefers moreprivacy and avoids social conversation and stays away from a crowd is known as a loner(LONER) inresidential projects some clients may prefers more privacy for their master bedroom. So the Lonercan be set to be a character which keep distance away from certain spaces , living room , diningroom and other bedrooms.

L

O

SERVANT ( TOILET ZONE)

A space that serves other spaces needs to be adjacent to them but prefers not to appeal visually which is in reality , servant needs to be near to a master while stay out of the site. As depicted in a figure a toilet space play the role of a servant with the master bedroom.

SERVANT

LIVING

ROOM

BED ROOM

WATCHER

This type of character causes a space to locate beside a boundary of the project foe attractions in the environment. It is based on the human nature that people like to watch or get close to certain incidences the attraction can be different type of environmental conditions like views, parks, lakes or parking, this character is useful for many different spaces in design.For Example : Waiting Space, Dinning Space Or Caf.

WA

WA

WA

OUTREACHING

The space with this character locates near the entrance or corridor for meeting or activities that relates to outreaching quality, this type of space represents an outgoing or sociable behavior like human that can represent a welcome space in a residential unit.For Example : Living Room.

OR

ENTRANCE

ANTHROPOMETRICS

Anthropometrics is a study of human dimension without paying attention to human body

measurement and developing or creating a design will not end up in the comfort zone for a client.

These dimension need to be considered for the following categories:

Male , female , child , teenagers , old age and handicapped.

The requirement of all these people as per the dimension varies because of which the layout of

the plan and space planning done is also different. For example if we have to design for bling

person, a person on a wheel chair, a toilet facility for an old person, a bedroom for a teenager etc.

all these points addressed have to attended as differently as all these people require different

measurement of space utilization.

ERGONOMICS

Ergonomics means designing of space with the use of anthropometrics data for useable zones.

For example : Devising of proper relaxation chairs while watching television, selection of door

handles for opening doors & selection of many other things based on anthropometric data

LIVING ROOMAnthropometrics Planning Paper

Living room is a room where we chores. It is a room for relaxingand socializing. It is a part of a house where we spend maximumtime and do many activities like reading books, watching TV, it isthe place where we eat, where we entertain ourselves, wherewe all get together.

The living room may have southern or south eastern aspect. Thesun is towards south during winters and as such the living roomwith southern aspect would have the advantage of sunshine

during winter and obviate sun during summer.

LIVING ROOM

Fig1 -Minimum Clearances , Circulation , and Conversation area for Living Rooms.

Living Areas

Typical furniture group in theliving and or family roomsare as follows:

1. Primary conversation group:chairs and sofa groupedaround a fireplace, windowor view

2. Secondary conversationgroup: chairs and love seat atthe end of room or an thecorner

3. Reading groups: chair,ottoman, lamp table

4. Writing or study group: desk,lamp, one or two chairsbookcases

5. Music group: piano, benchstorage space

6. Game group: game table andfour chairs

7. Media group: homeentertainment center andseating for several people

Fig2 -Minimum Clearances , Circulation , and Conversation area for Living Rooms

Secondary Activities

Space FunctionPrimary and SecondaryActivities that usually takeplace in Living Rooms or Spaceare Follows:

Primary Activities

1. Entertainment2. Watching television3. Listening music4. Reading5. Writing6. Studying7. Relaxing8. Resting9. Children's play area

1. Dancing2. Hobbies and craft3. Eating4. Sewing5. Playing music6. Parting7. Using home

computer internet

To kitchen

To sleeping

10 diameter converse

section area

36 for traffic way30 for desk

To kitchenand dining Entrance Entrance

Main Traffic Through Living Area Main Traffic Through Living Area

Main Traffic by Passes Living Area Main Traffic Through Living Area

To Kitchen

10' diameter conversation area

36" traffic way

36" for main traffic way

10' diameter conversation area

36" traffic way

30" to use desk

30" to use desk

36" traffic way

30" to use desk

closet

To kitchen

Entrance

Furniture Clearances

Fig5 Recommended Clearances for general access (2 to 10 Feet) and Limited Access ( 2 Feet)

Fig6 Recommended Clearances for limited access between a table and furniture(2 feet)

Fig7 Recommended Clearances for grouping of seats for social interaction(8to 10 feet)

Fig8 space for television viewing. The television set should be place where the section will not reflect light and where it can be seen from the main seating group

To issue adequate space forconvenient use offurniture in the livingarea the followingclearances should beobserved:

1. 60 inches betweenfacing seating

2. 24 inches wherecirculation occursbetween furniture

3. 30 inches for desk area4. 36 inches for main

circulation5. 60 inches between home

entertainment center

and seating

Seating arranged around a 10-foot diameter circle fig no. 1makes a comfortable groupingfor conversation. Fig no. 2indicates clearances,circulation and conversationareas.windows should not be in this direction

There should be no through circulation in

this area

KITCHENAnthropometrics Planning Paper

kitchen is the room that is used for cooking and preparing food.A Kitchen should as far as possible have eastern aspect so thatrising sun would purify and refresh the air and the kitchen

would remain cool during the remaining part of the day.

KITCHEN

Knee Level 20

Outward ReachLeft Hand 33

Waist Level 421/2

Shoulder Level 54

Eye Level 62

Height 66 1/2

Maximum

upward reach 78

Comfortable

upward reach 75

Shelves visible

from eye level 62

Reach downward 28(one hand)

bottom of sink 32 1/2

Ironing board 35

Fig1 Standard dimensions of kitchen area.

The height of a kitchen workcounter, the properclearance between cabinets or appliances forcirculation, the accessibility to overhead orundercounter storage, and proper visibility areamong the primary considerations in the design ofcooking spaces. All must be responsive to humandimension and body size if the quality of interfacebetween the user and the components of theinterior space are to be adequate. In establishingclearances between counters, the maximum bodybreadth and the depth of the user of large body sizemust be taken into account as well as theprojections of appliances. Refrigerator doors,cabinet drawers, dish washing machine doors andcabinet doors all project to some degree in theiropen position into the space within which the usermust circulate and must be accommodated.Standard kitchen counter heights manufactured areall about 36 or 91.4cm.

Figure 1provides some general anthropometrics data forestablishing basic height of cabinetry and appliancesabove the floor.

Wall Oven

Min

. co

un

ter

spac

ere

qu

ired

fo

r ei

ther

sid

e of ra

nge

Stan

dar

d W

idth

Min

. co

un

ter

spac

e

req

uir

ed f

or

eith

ersi

de

of

ran

ge

Stan

dar

d W

idth

Wall Oven Work zone

Min

. co

un

ter

spac

ere

qu

ired

to

on

e si

de

of

Ove

n

A

B

B

F

G

D

H

Range

Line of Hood above Range

Line of wall cabinets above

Min. clearance between appliances

Fig:3- Range Center

A 48 Min. 121.9 Min

B 40 101.6

c 15 38.1 min.

D 21-30 53.3-76.2

E 1-3 38.1 Min

F 15 min. 121.9 Min

G 19.5-46 49.5-116.8

H 12 min. 30.5 Min

I 17.5 max. 44.5 max.

J 96-101.5 243.8-257.8

K 24-27.5 61.0-69.9

L 24-26 61.0-66

M 30 76.2 Min

N 60 Min. 152.4 min.

O 36-36-25 88.9-92.1

P 24 Min. 61.0 Min

Q 35 Max. 88.9 MAX.

PN

O

Q

Boiler

Range

Stan

dar

d h

eigh

t

Wall Oven Work zone

Fig:3- Range Center (Side View)

L

BI

M

B

Storage for rarely Used items only.

Standard Depth

Circulation clearance

Range Work zoneVentilationHood

K A

Min. clearance between appliancesStandard Depth

Wall Oven

A 48 Min. 121.9 Min

B 40 101.6

c 15 38.1 min.

D 21-30 53.3-76.2

E 1-3 38.1 Min

F 15 min. 121.9 Min

G 19.5-46 49.5-116.8

H 12 min. 30.5 Min

I 17.5 max. 44.5 max.

J 96-101.5 243.8-257.8

K 24-27.5 61.0-69.9

L 24-26 61.0-66

M 30 76.2 Min

N 60 Min. 152.4 min.

O 36-36-25 88.9-92.1

P 24 Min. 61.0 Min

Q 35 Max. 88.9 MAX.

U kitchen. L kitchen.

Corridor kitchen. Broken U kitchen.

T and C

D W S S

D W S S

T and C

Perimeter 20

M W

CT OV P

T and C

D and C

D W S S

R

P

Perimeter 18

STORGE LS

Range

T and C

D and C

D W S S R

PP

Perimeter 23

M W

Eating Bar

D W S S

R

P

Eating bar

Perimeter 18

M W

FIG. Different types of kitchen plans.

zero bedroom kitchenette. Two bedroom living unit kitchens.

Two bedroom living unit kitchens. Two bedroom living unit kitchens.

FIG. minimum frontage for various kitchens.

FIG. minimum frontage for various kitchens.

Three bedroom unit.

Four bedroom unit. Minimum edge distance.

One bedroom kitchenette.

Kitchen for small single family houses or apartment units.

Typical cabinet dimensions

Minimum Distances from appliancesTo inside corners of base cabinets.

Flow of work in food preparation.

Fig- Minimum counter width dimensions

Refrigerator

At Openingside

Mix

Sink

Left side Right side

Serve

Range

At either .side

Dishwasher (Front opening)

9 either side(if storage nearby)

PlanningDesk

Mix center counter

Wall Oven

Bottom of sink

Maximum reach for Vertical storage

Fig. Comfortable working heights

Maximum height of Window for supervision of yard

Lap Table

Counter

Space for one worker

Counter

Space in front drawer

Counter

Sink

Adjacent to Sink

Fig: Minimum clearance-vertical and horizontal

Range

Sink

Minimum width of passes

CounterRange

SinkCounter

Minimum clearanceWherever 2 people May be working at same time.

Sink

Above sink

RANGE

Above range

Base-cab

Above base cabinet

Kitchen lighting

Fig Storage and Cabinets

BEDROOMAnthropometrics Planning Paper

BedroomSpace function-

Primary and secondary activities

that usually take place in bedrooms

are as follows:

Primary Activities:

Sleeping

Dressing

Storing Clothes

Personal Care

Secondary Activities:

Reading

Writing

Studying

Working

Watching TelevisionHome computing/ Internet

Listening to music

Childrens play

Caring for infants

Ironing

Telephoning

Drawing and Painting

Sitting and Entertaining

Exercising

Resting and convalescing

Hobbies and craft

Storing bulky items and seasonal

clothes

Bed side table

Double dresserSingle dresser

Space for dressing

Single bed

Double bed

Fig. Double occupancy bedroom(netare a 160sq.ft). The most likelyoccupants of this type of bedroom are adults , school-age children ofthesame gender , children of differentgenders who are less than 9 yearsold, and preschoolers.

Fig. Space for making beds

Fig. single occupancy bedroom in combination with anotherspace(net

area5 square meters). Adults are most likely to be found in this typeofbedroom.

Fig. single occupancy bedroom(netarea 8.5metres).The most likelyoccupants of this bedroom are elderly people, adults, teenagers andpreadultchildren(i.e.school age children 9 to 12 years).

1.Single-occupancy

bedrooms, which

will accommodate

on single bed.

2.Double-occupancy

bedrooms ,which

will accommodate

on double beds.

Furniture Requirement :There are minimum requirements for furniture and space if occupants are to able to carry out their normal bedroom activities .

There are two basic types of bedrooms:

Fig .Access between beds.

Fig. Double occupancy bedroom(netare a 160sq.ft). The most likelyoccupants of this type of bedroom are adults , school-age children of the

same gender , children of differentgenders who are less than 9 years old ,

and preschoolers.

Fig .Access between bed and closet and between beds and

walls.fig .Access between bed and dresser and between bed and desk

Clearances:Clearances should be provided in front of and around furniture of bedrooms so that primary activities can take place effectively comfort (fig. 1 to 11). In some cases, greater clearances are required to satisfy the needs of elderly people, wheelchair users, and with disabilities.

DINING AREAAnthropometrics Planning Paper

Secondary Activities1.Childrens play2.Reading3.Writing4.Studying and homework5.Entertainment6.Board games

The principal factors to be considered inplanning the diningArea are as follows:

Number of persons to be seatedSpace for chairs and for passage behind themSpace used at the table.Storage space for china, glassware silver ,and linen.

Space FunctionPrimary and Secondary Activities thatusuallytake place in Living Rooms or Space areFollows:

Primary Activities1.Setting the table2.Serving food3.Eating4.Cleaning up after meals5.Storing dishes

Fig. 1. Size of place eating Fig. 2. Passage behind chairs Fig. 3. leaving the table

Fig. 5. Access behind a chair in throughcirculation space

21-2925 recommended

Fig. 4. limited access behind a chair in corner circulation space

Size of place setting :The minimum width needed for each placesetting is 21 inches. How ever a width of up of29 inches is desirable for greater freedom ofmovement. A 25- inch width is usually adequate;this permits chairs 19 inches wide to be placed 6inches apart. The minimum depth for placesetting is 14 inches. These dimensions allowspace for china, glassware, silver, and elbow

extension(see Fig:1)

Passage Behind Chairs:The minimum space recommended for passagebehind chairs in 22 inches, a satisfactory rangeis 22 to 25 inches. If passage behind the chairsis not required, a minimum of 5 inches plus thedepth of the chair must be provided forpushing back chair when leaving the table( seeFig; 2 to 4)

Size of Table:The minimum width recommended is 36inches: a satisfactory width is 36 inches to 44inches. If 25 inch-wide place settings areprovided and if one person is seated at eachend of the table, then minimum andrecommended lengths are as follows:

Fig7 Access behind a chair and cabinets or appliances

Fig8 Recommended net area for 2- persons household( 8.84 square meters)

Fig6 Access behind the table and wall

Fig8 Recommended net area for 8 persons household( 13.87square meters)

Fig5 Dining room for 6 person household Fig6 Dining room for 8 persons household

Fig7 Minimum clearances for dining areas(A) one of the table against wall (b) serving from one end and side of the table

Fig8 Minimum clearances for dining areas(A) one of the table against wall (b) serving from one end and side of the table

42 for serving behindchairs

42 for Serving behind chairs

32 for chairsPlus accessTo living room

32for Chairs plus access


42 for serving

38 for chairs plus passage

To living room

To kitchen

To living room

42 for Servingbehindchairs

To kitchen

42 for serving

To kitchen


Pers

ons

Minim

um

inches

Recomm

ended,

inches

4 54 60

6 79 84

8 104 108

10 129 132

12 154 156

If no one is seated at either end ofthe table, the length may bereduced by approximately 4 inches.

Space for total dining areaWith the same conditions notedpreviously and with an ample 42inch space for passage on all sidesof a 42 inch wide table, requiredsizes are as follows:

Per

so

ns

W X L,

Feet

=Area,

Square

Feet

4 10 X 12 =126

6 10 X 14 =147

8 10 X 16 =168

10 10 X 18 =189

12 10 X 20 =210

BATHROOMAnthropometrics Planning Paper

Circulation zone

Activity zoneMirror and medicine cabinet

Lavatory

E

F

CB

A

F

IN CM

A 48 121.9

B 30 76.2

C 19-24 48.3-

61.0

D 27 MIN 68.6

min

E 18 45.7

F 37-43 94-

109.2

G 72

MAX.

182.9

max

H 32-36 81.3-

91.4

I 69

MAX.

175.3

max

J 16-18 40.6-

45.7

K 36-32 66.0-

81.3

L 32 81.3

M 20-24 50.8-

61.0

Fig1- lavatory male anthropometric considerations.

C

D

G

Mirror and medicine cabinet

Activity zone

Mirror and medicine cabinet

Lavatory

Vanity storage

C

HJLM

Vanity storage

Lavatory

Mirror

Light fixture

Fig:2- lavatory female and child anthropometric considerations.

In cm

A 15-18 38.1-45.7

B 28-30 71.1-76.2

C 37-43 94.0-109.2

D 32-36 81.3-91.4

E 26-32 66.0-81.3

F 14-16 35.6-40.6

G 30 76.2

H 18 45.7

I 21-26 53.3-66.0

In cm

A 54 137.2

B 12 30.5

C 42 min 106.7 min

D 18 45.7

E 36 min 91.4 min

F 30 76.2

G 24 61.0

H 12 min 30.5 min

I 15 38.1

J 40-48 101.6-121.9

K 40-50 101.6-127.0

L 72 min 182.9 minMinimum shower clearancesDouble lavatory clearances

A

CB

G

E

D

F

Temporary storageHorizontal grab bars

Shower head controls

Vertical grab bars

Circulation access/zone

Seat

Var

ies

AE

C

FVaries

HVariesAA

In cm

A 12 min 30.5 min

B 28 min 71.1 min

C 24 min 61.0 min

D 52 min 132.1 min

E 12-18 30.5-45.7

F 12 30.5

G 40 101.6

H 18 45.7

I 30 76.2

Water closet Bidet and water closet

I

Var

ies

Var

ies

Var

ies

shelf

Activity zone

Activity zone

circulation zone

Toilet paper dispenser

Line of wall of obstruction

Towel bar

Soap holder

bidet

WC

1. Shower curtain rod: keep within insideof tub or shower.

1a. Enclosure doors: if swingingdoors are used, place hinges on the sideopposite control valves.2. Shower head: see elevation of tub and

shower stall for recommended heights.3. Grab bars shall be manufactured of

shatter- resistant material, free fromburrs, sharp edges and pinch points.Knurling or slip-resistant surface isdesirable.

4. Recessed soap dish shall be free fromburrs and sharp edges where grab baris an integral part of the soap dish, itmay have minimum length of 6 inches.

5. Faucet shall be manufactured ofshatter-resistant material, free fromburrs and sharp edges. All faucet setsin showers, tubs and lavatories shall beequipped with the water mixing valvedelivering a maximum watertemperature.

6. Showers stall light: shall be of a vaporproof fixture with the electrical lightswitch a minimum of 72 inches awayfrom shower stall.

AB

C

D

PLAN Elevations

A B

C D

Fig. Minimum half bath.16 sq. ft is about minimum for standard fixtures; 4-6 X 4-6 gives a more spacious feeling.

Fig Generous half bath.22.5 sq. ft is a generous half bath. A wall hung lavatoryinstead of a vanity squeezes into 2-6 width and 16.3 sq. ft.

Fig. Corner toilet in a half bath.A corner toilet and a small lavatory fit 13.5 sq. ft. considerthis idea for installing a half-bath in a closet or under astairway.

Fig. Corner shower.A corner shower, toilet and lavatory fit in 33 sq. ft. very littlestorage space available.

Activities commonly performed in the bathroom include washing of hands, face and hair, bathing, elimination and grooming, and also such activities as hand laundering and infant care. Often it is also used as a dressing room. Major problems in bathroom design includes planning for optimum convenience and privacy of all bathroom functions for all members of the household, adequate provision for storage of supplies and equipment, and ease of cleaning.Some general planning guides are as follows:

ArrangementFacilities should be conveniently arranged, with special attention given to clearances. The room arrangement should permit more than one family member to use its facilities at a same time.

Fig. small,3-fixture bathroom.A small 3-fixture bathroom with limited storage in a built-in vanity meetsbasic bathroom requirements in a space 37.5 sq. ft. The door is 32 wide fora person with a cane or crutches. This bathroom is too small for awheelchair.. c

Fig. Two lavatory bathroom.A 2- lavatory bathroom with adequate room at the toilet andeach lavatory . Note storage space under the lavatories and in afloor-to-ceiling unit. Area:63 sq. ft..

Fig. separate tub and shower.

This plan also includes a bidet. Storage is in the 48 long vanity. Area:75.3 sq. ft.

Fig. large shower.A generous 33x 48 shower is featured in this 32 sq. ft bathroom. Storage is under the 30 vanity and on shelves

over the toilet.

IlluminationLighting should be adequate for all of the activities performed. For grooming, direct sources of light are essential in order to illuminate the face from all angles. High strip windows, clearstory windows and skylights provide excellent over all illumination in the day time while still affording privacy.

VentilationGood ventilation is essential in bathroom, both to reduce humidity and dispel odors. If a window is relied upon as the sole means of ventilation, care should be taken in its selection and placement to minimize drafts and to permit easy access. Exhaust fans in the wall or the ceiling are often used to supplement natural ventilation. In interior bathroom spaces, a mechanical exhaust is essential and required by code.

Sound ControlLack of acoustical privacy is one ofthe most common complaintswith regard to bathrooms. Noisecan be reduced by properplacement of the bathroom inrelation to other spaces, by theuse of closets and storage walls assound barriers between it andadjacent spaces, and by the use ofsoundproof partitions and tightlyfitted doors. Acoustical treatmentof the ceiling makes the roommore comfortable to use andreduces somewhat the amount ofsound transmitted through thewalls.

StorageAdequate storage should beprovided for current and reservesupplies. Articles in current useshould be located near their placeof first use. A closet opening frombathroom and hallway or laundryis convenient for such items asbathroom linen and cleaningsupplies. Medicine cabinetsshould be large enough to hold anumber of toiletries andmedicines. Hamper space isdesirable for soiled linen andclothes. Install a cabinet with aself-contained hamper, or, in twostory houses, install a chute fromthe second floor to the laundry.

Fig. Corner square tub.Although not usually a space saver, a square tub fits somesituations better than a rectangular one. This 3-fixture bathroom

has excellent storage but is only 59.5 sq. Ft.

Fig. Large 3-fixture bathroomWith fixtures in separate compartments, this layout can replace a second bath by accommodating more than one person at a time. It is a large as two bathrooms but costs less because of fewer fixtures and less plumbing. Area:106 sq. ft. plus hallway storage.

Fig. Four-fixtures, two compartmentsThree people can use this bathroom at the same time. Consider apocket door between the compartments. Even with generousstorage space it takes only the same space as many non-compartmented bathrooms, about 80.5 sq. ft.

Fig. Five fixtures, three compartmentsThis bathroom serves as two full bathrooms in 87sq. Ft. twodoors to each compartment are undesirable. Limited storagespace available.

INTERIOR DESIGNResidential Space Planning

To design any residential spacewith designing and effectiveplanning, we need to payattention to all aspects neededto design any residential space,say it aspect, prospect,anthropometrics and ergonomics

Here is my Space planning of a

RESIDENTIAL SPACE

,ventilation,daylighting,orientation.

RESIDENTIAL SPACE PLANNING

Residential space planning is an integral part of the Interior design process. Space planning helpsto use the space effectively and efficiently. The results of space planning can provide a basis fordeveloping interior architectural elements and furnishing of interior spaces.

It is a process that follows a systematic and coordinated methodology including research, analysisand integration of knowledge into the creative process to satisfy the needs and resources of theclient.

Design a space Where a man does not adjust the house but the house must adjust with theperson coined by a very well known designer Le Corbusier.

Machines For Living

We Have To Do A Space Planning For A Client Mr. Bose Who Is A Marketing Manager Of One OfThe Fashion Brands Levis.He Has A Family Of 2 Children In The Age Group 10 & 16 Years Both Boys, Wife Who LovesGardening And Is Very Fond Of Creating Bonsai Plants.We Are Suppose To Design A Open Plan For This Family Where The Plot Size Given Is 300sq YardsAnd The Requirements Been: Living Room Kitchen Master Bedroom Childrens Bedroom A Space For The Lady Of The House To Work With Plants And Display The Same. They Require Terrace Garden & They Love More Of Lighted Up Spaces Which Are Bright And

Lively. A Small Office Zone Needs To Be Provided For Mr. Bose In Master Bedroom We Need To Pay Extra Attention To The Space Planning For Mrs. Bose For Doing Gardening

Work

CASE STUDY

SYNOPSIS OF MY PLAN

I had also paid attention to the elements and principles of design. Whenever we design any spacewe need to pay attention to Form Follows Function.

During my 1st year of Degree Program I have studied about how to do a Residential Space Planning,I have designed a residential space for my client Mr. Bose, keeping into mind his requirement andspace provided. Building orientation Site location Building envelope day lighting ventilation proximity of things. Louis Kahn's Principle of Space Planning. Aspects and prospects Approach Anthropometrics and ergonomics.

I NTERIORArchitecture & Space Planning

2D groundfloor Plan

Powder room

66 x 52

Living room

154x112

vestibule

7x8Sitting area

112 x 8

Kitchen

74 x 8

Deck and water body

9 x 11

Garden area

15x 136

Garden area

30x15

Specifications:

Location of the site- Dezyne Ecole College,Civil lines, Ajmer.Direction- North facing.Total plot size- L x B= 50 x 54

=2700 sq. feet.Total covered area =910 sq. ft.Total uncovered area = 1103 sq.

exterior cavity wall 1 thick.

interior wall 6 thick.

Window

S

N


Groundfloor Top view

Google sketch up file my working process


Ground floor 3D render view

Isometric view

Isometric view


2D first floor Plan

Total covered area=1275 sq. ft.

Master Bed

room

184 x 154

Children Bed

room

122 x 168

Balcony

Bathroom

84x7

Bathroom

98x8Walk in closet

10 x 7

Specifications:

Location of the site- Dezyne Ecole College, Ajmer.Direction- North facing.Total plot size- L x B= 50 x 54

=2700 sq. feet.


interior wall 6 thick.

window

S

N

Top view

Isometric view

Isometric view


first floor Top view


3D House Top view

Front view

Top view Back view


3D House view

left side view

right side view

INTERIOR DESIGNResidential Space Planning

To design any residential spacewith designing and effectiveplanning, we need to payattention to all aspects neededto design any residential space,say it aspect, prospect,anthropometrics and ergonomics

Here is my Space planning of a

RESIDENTIAL SPACE

,ventilation,daylighting,orientation.


2D House Plan

Main

Entran

ceP

arking

Area

Bed room

12x12

Bed room

12x12Toilet

6x6

Toilet

6x6

Drawing

Room

12x18

Lounge

12x12 Living room

12x12

Veranda

Dining Area

12x9 Kitchen Area

12x9

Total Plot Size:- 54x63

Plot Area:- 3402 sq.ft

Specifications:

Location of the site- Dezyne Ecole College, Ajmer.Direction- North facing.


Window

S

N


2D Top Plan


2D House Plan


House Rendered View

WardrobeSpace planning

CASE STUDY

I am suppose to design a wardrobe for a client of age group 19 years.

The first step before doing any designing or planning is taking out requirements.

Requirements of my client:

Number of shoes (6 pairs of flat shoes).The other materials with shoes are socks, shoe polish, brushes.Mirror for dressing.Place for keeping cosmetics and perfumes.Place for keeping daily use clothes like salwar suits(10 ), jeans, t-shirts in hanging position (approximately 20 clothes).

Place for keeping woolen clothes(8 cardigans).Place for keeping party wear or special occasion clothes.Place for keeping lingerie.

Standard space requirement to be followed for

fullfilling the client requirement.

Space required for stocking those requirements.

1. For keeping shoes(6 pairs of flat shoes)

Area needed for keeping one pair of shoe = L x B

=9 X 10=90 sq. inch

Area needed for keeping six pair of shoe = 6 x Area needed for keeping one pair of shoe

=6 x 90 sq. inch

=540 sq. inch or 3.75 sq. ft.

I have given a drawer of size 29x 2 .Six pair of shoes can easily be kept in this size of drawer. I will be keeping them in two horizontal line , 3 shoes

in front after that 3 shoes.

2. Area needed for hanging salwar suits(10)

Space needed for hanging one salwar suit= 4x16 (4 in long and 16 in width.)

Space needed for hanging ten salwar suit= 10 x Space needed for hanging one salwar suit

I have given a hanging space of 14 in length ,2 in breadth and 46 in length.10 pieces of salwar suits can easily be hanged over there.

Space required for stocking those requirements.

3. Area needed for keeping woolen clothes(8 cardigans)

Space needed for keeping one cardigans=

1 in length ,1 6in breadth , 3 in height

Space needed for keeping eight cardigans= 8 x Space needed for keeping one cardigan

8 in length, 12 in breadth and 24 in height

I have given two drawers of size= 29 in length , 2 in breadth , 1 in height8 cardigans can be kept in this drawers , one 4 cardigans in one drawer and other 2 in another drawer.

4. Area needed for keeping folded t-shirts

Space needed for keeping one folded t-shirt= 12 in length and 10 in breadth and 2 in height.

I have given one rack of size= 12 in length ,2 in breadth and 8 in heightApproximately 16- 20 tshirts can be kept there.

5. Area needed for keeping folded jeans

Space needed for keeping one folded jeans = 1 in length and 10 in breadth and 3 in height.

I have given one rack of size= 12 in length ,2 in breadth and 8 in heightApproximately 10-12 jeans can be kept there.

Space available for space planning:-

Linear space available-L x B = 6 x 2 = 12 sq.ft.

Inner space (volume) available-L x B x H = 6 x 2 x 6 = 72 cu.ft.

WARDROBE

COLLAGE

To create any design I need to focus on the principles

and elements of design. For the space planning over

here I mainly focused on balance in a design with the

basic element shape which is very rightly said FormFollows Function.In the subsequent slides you will come across the

space planning created by me for my client.

Detailing of Wardrobe

Detailing of wardrobe

Drawers for keeping

woolen clothes

Basket for keeping clothes for

laundry

Shelf for

keeping

lingerie and

towel

Shelf for keeping

jeans

Shelf for keeping

t-shirts and

toppers

Shelf for

keeping

shirts

Place for hanging

daily wear clothesPlace for hanging

party wear clothes

Place for hanging

salwar suits

Drawers for keeping

socks, handkerchief with

one more separate tray

for keeping jewellery and

accessories.

Drawers for keeping

shoes.

1 2 3

4

56

Space for hanging salwar suits.L x B= 14 x 2 =2. 7 Sq. ft.(area)L x B x H = 14 x 2 x 46= 12 cu. Ft.

(volume)

(storage capacity= 10-15 salwar suits)

1. 2. 3.

Space for hanging party

wear clothes.L x B= 15 7/8 x 2 =2.9 Sq. ft.(area)LxBxH =2( 15 7/8 x 2x 26)= 14.2

cu. Ft. (volume)

(storage capacity= 15-20 shirts )

Space for hanging and putting in racks daily

wear clothes and one loundry basket.L x B= 15 7/8 x 2 + 4(1 4 x 2)+12x2=16.15 Sq.ft.(area)

LxBxH =(15 7/8 x 2x 310)+ 4(1 4 x 2x8)+

(12x2x11)=20.16 cu. Ft. (volume)

4. 5. 6.

This drawer contains two trays with more

partitions for keeping things.

LxB = 12x 2 + 12 x 14=2.8 sq. ft.(area)

LxBxH= 12x 2 x3+ 12 x 14x 4=2.5 cu. Ft.(volume)

Drawer keeping shoes

LxB =29x2=5.3 sq. ft.(area) 2.8 sq. ft.

29x2=5.3 sq. ft.LxBxH= 29x 2 x9=4.1 cu. Ft.(volume)

(storage capacity= 6-7 pair of shoes)

Drawer for putting woolen clothes

LxB =2(29x2)=10.6 sq. ft.(area)

LxBxH= 2(29x 2 x1)=11 cu. Ft.(volume)(storage capacity= 8 cardigans)

Rod for hanging

stoles and

dupattas

Hanger for hanging

clothes.

Tray for keeping

hairdryer and

straigthner

Tray for keeping

perfumes and

lotions.

Tray for keeping

comb and other

cosmetics.

Detailing of wardrobe

7

8

9

10

7. 8.

It is one basket for keeping combs and cosmetics like kajal etc.

along with one tray for keeping other cosmetics.

LxB = 5.5 x 5=27.5 sq. in. or o.2 sq. ft.(area of basket)

LxB = 7x5=35 sq. in. or 0.25 sq. ft(area of tray)

LxBxH= 5.5 x 5x6=165 cu. In. Or 0.09 cu. Ft.(volume of basket)

LxBxH= 7 x 5x3=0.07 cu. Ft.(volume of basket)

Tray for keeping perfumes and lotions.

LxB = 13x6=0.6 sq. ft(area of tray)

LxBxH= 13x6x5=0.26cu. Ft.(volume of basket)

9. 10.

Tray for keeping hair dryers and straightners

LxB =2( 12x8)=1.4 sq. ft(area of tray)

LxBxH= 2(12x8x5)=0.6 cu. Ft.(volume of basket)

Hooks for hanging clothes.

Different concept of placement of doors

Traditional concept Contemporary concept

Traditional concept:-

In traditional concept inset concept of door were used. In this concept the door were

placed inside the main frame and hinges were visible. It has been shown in below image.

Door was placed after the main frame.

This type of hinge was used.

Different concept of placement of doors

Contemporary concept:-

In contemporary concept full overlay and half overlay concept of door were used. hinges

were not visible from outside. In half overlay half space of the board was used to place

that door and n the other half space another door was placed. These concepts were also

used in traditional concept but the difference is use of hinges were different and in

traditional concept hinges were visible from outside which is not there in contemporary

concept.

Hinges are not visible

In full over lay.

This type of hinge was used.

I have used contemporary concept of

placement of doors in my wardrobe.

Full overlay concept in both corner doors. And half overlay concept in both middle doors

Estimation of plywood or board used in making

this wardrobe

Size of one ply or board = L x B

=8X4

1. For outer structure of wardrobe

For back side = 6x6 (6 long and 6 in breadth) For left and right side =2 x (6x2) (6 long and 2 In breadth) For base and top =2x ( 6x2) (6 in length and 2 in breadth)

total size=30x14

2. For making inner partitions

Size base side=(14x2) (14 Inlength and 2 in breadth.)Size of back side=46x14(46long and 14 in length)Size right side=(46x2) (46 longand 2 in breadth)

Size base side=2(15x2) (15 Inlength and 2 in breadth.)Size of back side=2(52 x15)(52 long and 15 in length)Size right side= (52x2) (52long and 2 in breadth)

Size of base side=210x 2 (210In length and 2 in breadth.)Size of back side=310x210(310long and 210 in length)Size of left and right

side=2(310x2) (310 long and 2in breadth)

Inner partitions

one board of size 310x25 boards of size 14 x 2

total size=104x48 + 1811x 810 + 144x 810

=437x224

2. For making drawers

Size top and base side=(29x2)(29In length and 2 in breadth.)Size of front and back

side=2(9x29)(9 long and 29inlength)

Size of right side= 9x2 (9long and2 in breadth)

There are two drawers of this sizeSize top and base side=(29x2) (29Inlength and 2 in breadth.)Size of front and back

side=2(12x291)long and 29in length)Size of left and right side=2(1x2) (1longand 2 in breadth)

Size of middle division =1x2

Size base side=(14x2)(14In length and 2 inbreadth.)

Size of front and back

side=2(7x29)7 long and29in length)Size of right side= 7x2 (7longand 2 in breadth)

total size=63x96+79x136 +26x69=166x299

4.For making doors

Size of one door = 6x16(6 long and 16 in width)Size of four doors= 4 x size of one door

= 4( 6x16)=24x6

Sub total of all =30x14 + 437x224 + 166x299+ 24x6=1141x721

Approximate number of ply or board used in wardrobe=total size /size of one

ply or board

= 1141x 721/8x4

Total space I have created:-

Total area= 2. 7 Sq. ft+2.9 Sq. ft+16.15 Sq. ft.+2.8 sq. ft.+5.3 sq. ft.+ 10.6 sq. ft.+0.2 sq. ft.+0.6 sq.

ft.+1.4 sq. ft.

=42.65 sq. ft.

Total volume= 20.16 cu. Ft. +14 cu. Ft. +12 cu. Ft +2.5 cu. Ft.+ 4.1 cu. Ft.+11 cu. Ft.+0.09 cu. Ft. +

0.26 cu. Ft.+ 0.07 cu. Ft. + 0.6 cu. Ft.

=64.78 cu. Ft.

For any adult user for a wardrobe the standard size

required is 5 linear feet. Keeping into mind the

requirement of my client and space provided I created

an elevation for my design.

In my design I have utilized 6 linear feet on floor.

Orthographic

Projection

Top plan

Isometric view

ElevationsFront elevationBack elevationLeft side elevationRight side elevation

Top plan

Left side

elevationRight side elevation

Back elevationFront elevation

Isometric view

Orthographic projection of wardrobe excluding doors.

Top plan

Left side

elevation

Right side elevation

Back elevationFront elevation

Isometric view

Orthographic projection of wardrobe including doors.

As an interior designer this project on space planning has

made me aware that a space of 6 x 2 x 6 (L x B x H) has been made more functional by creating more space from the space

provided to us. I have created 64.78 cu. Ft. in this space.

ELEMENTS OF STYLEInterior Design

ELEMENTS OF STYLEToday we are heirs to a legacy of fine building and to a continuing

fascination with the details and stylistic which give our houses their

character. In Britain and US the interest in old houses has become

something of national obsession. Today the houses we live in have

become a major concern and as houses are being developed on human

scale. Today the interiors of house effect our quality of life which we enjoy

there.

I as a student of Interior Design doing my B.SC ID , present a brief

presentation on Aspects of Style from Gothic style, Baroque style, Rococo

style, Neoclassical style, Eclectic style, Arts & Crafts style, Art Nouveau

style and Art Deco style. Interior decorating style are defined for the

characteristics of their time.

Gothi

c

Baroqu

e

Rococ

o

Neoclassic

al

Eclecti

c

Arts &

Crafts

Art

Nouveau

Art

Deco

to

1620

1620-

1700

1700-

1760

1760-1830 1830-

1880

1880-

1900

1900-1920 1920-

1940

Styles & Periods

In the subsequent slides , three major styles are

explained. These are:

GOTHIC STYLE

BAROQUE STYLE

ROCOCO STYLE

Gothic Style(1600-1620)

GOTHIC STYLE

Gothic Period:

Gothic period design was influenced by Roman and

Medieval architecture. Its initial design period was c.1150

to 1550, but saw a revival in the 19th century by the

Victorians.

Gothic design was the first true ecclesiastical style and

was symbolic of the triumph of the Catholic church in

Europe. The new age of soaring cathedrals meant the

initiation of new methods of building, to support this

extreme weight.

Style had a religious symbolic base- think of old, ornate

churches and you will be on the right track. Pointed

arches and stained glass in complex trefoil or rose

designs were predominant, exposed, wooden beams,

large, imposing fireplaces, and emulated candle lighting

completed the ecclesiastical style. There was a strong

vertical influence, supported by the high arches and

peaks of the architecture. Light was also important, as

windows grew more and more expansive and light and

air flooded into the once gloomy churches of the

Romanesque period.

Gothic Style

Gothic Furniture

Furniture was massive and oak, adorned with Gothic motifs.

Chairs, bed frames, cabinets were sturdy and featured

arches, spiral-turned legs and rich upholstery in dark colors.

Old church furniture such as pews, benches and trestle

tables finish the look. Victorian gothic reproduction and Arts

and Crafts era furniture can be used as an acceptable

alternative, as many of the same motifs crossed over.

Chair BedBed

Britain had Oak and Beech as its native timber forfurniture production, but with the discovery of new land

and the establishment of overseas trade, other timber

species suddenly became available:

Prior to 1500, the Gothic Period, teaching and learningof craftsmanship was mostly overseen by the church.

Therefore, most ornamentation on Gothic furniture

follows the lines of ornamental stonework from the

Gothic Churches and buildings.

Oak : 1500-1600

Walnut : 1660-1723

Mahagony : 1715

Satinwood : 1765

The carpenter, blacksmith and the turner made thefurniture. It consisted of tables, forms, stools and chests.

The chest was the principal piece as it served not only

as storage, but also a seat or table. Tables generally

were loose boards on top of trestles.

The wealth of the country increased under the stableTudor government and a new middle class was formed

creating a demand for a new form of furniture.

Therefore the 16th Century can be divided into twohalves. The first part, furniture consisted of carving on

gothic framework, stools and forms were the only form

of seating available.

Therefore the 16th Century can be divided into two halves.The first part, furniture consisted of carving on gothic

framework, stools and forms were the only form of seating

available.

The second part, new pieces of furniture evolved. Buffetsor sideboards, fold top games tables, taller chests which

doors became cupboards or hutches and the draw leaf

table which is still common today.

Chairs were developed from chests and had upright backlegs, heavy turning and often carved panels

A simple timber planked chest

Plank Chest Simple Plank construction by a carpenterand blacksmith. Metal straps and nails were used to hold

the timber together but because of the arrangement of

grain the timber often split. They often had handles to

carry it.

A simple timber planked chest

Chest / Partly Framed Chest This was superseded bythe partly framed chest. It used dry pegged construction and

panel fitted into the frame allowed for movement without the

timber splitting. Panels from riven boards were hand

moulded and sometimes carved to give the linenfold effect.The board is cut with a wedge and split.

Built In Seating Early settles accommodated up to sixpeople with simple linen fold panels.

.

Joined or Joyned Chest c1530

Gothic

Furniture

Gothic Colour

Colours were rich and dark, of

the Victorian era. Purple, ruby, black,

ochre, forest green and gold added

complemented the heavy furniture and

rich design. Wallpaper was ornate and

heavily patterned in natural flowers and

foliage. Also popular was trompe-loeilarchitectural features or stenciled

designs. Walls were painted in flat

colors, to depict stones, and often

covered in wall hangings- especially

tapestries. Obviously stained glass was

a significant feature, and these were

ideally accented with pewter, wrought

iron, suits of armour and candles.

Gothic

InfluencesThe church most

heavily influenced

gothic design, and this

medieval

ecclesiastical style

shines strongly

through. Architectural

influences were

mostly from Roman

and Medieval design,

with elaborate carved

wood and open

tracery.

In architecture, tracery isthe stonework elements

that support the glass in

a Gothic window. The

term probably derives

from the 'tracing floors' on

which the complex

patterns of late Gothic

windows were laid

out. There are two main

types, plate tracery and

the later bar tracery.

Tracery work

Tracery work

Gothic architecture

are mostly found in

churches and

cathedrals.

Windows:

Windows were

simple, unglazed

square openings

divided by series of

wooden or stone

mullions. Many of

the houses had

internal shutters .the

grand houses had

glass usage in the

16th century. Smaller

houses has glass

usage from 17th

century.

Glass was very

thin and rather

grey in colour

as it was blown

from the crown

glass and then

made

Stained glass

were used

during this time

period.

Windows:

During the 16th century the

glass panes were arranged

diagonally later in 17th

century they were arranged

in rectangles.

windows during this period

could not open as they

were fixed and later they

were made openable

because they could make

the mechanism for the

hinges and windows to

open.

Gothic

Windows

Stained Glass

StairsStairs were straight

type.in better houses

stairs were in the

centre of the houses.

All stairs were closed

strings .Balustrades

were fixed on

diagonal braces

rather on the steps.

Doglegged and spiralstairs were common.

WallsWalls they had flat plasterwork

on bricks and stone and then

they were lime washed.

In some grand houses the

walls had panelling of timber

.panelling was then decorated

by wall hangings (tapestry)

Tapestry were painted cloth or

made on looms with

techniques of weaving .

Carved decoration on panels

were of linen fold pattern .Carved linen fold panel

Wainscoting &

paneling

FireplaceIn Grand Homes

Fireplaces and Door

Surrounds could be

seen as an elaborate

feature.

CeilingsCeilings of upper floor were

coved or coffered and

hammer beam & vaults

ceiling.

FlooringsFloorings used were of

brick, granite, slate, painted

wood floor ,cobble stones

and the floor was then

covered with a rush matting

or carpets. carpets were

generally a luxury.

HAMMERBEAM

ROOF

Vaults

ceiling

Gothic Doors

Gothic

architecture

have pointed

arches and

lancet arches.

Gothic architecture

is not merely about

ornamentation ,this

style is mostly

found in structural

architecture.

Tudor & Jacobean Style

Tudor & Jacobean Style

Tudor and Jacobean periodswere seen as turning pointtowards classisized decoration.

Timber framed houses werereplaced by reconstruction withstone and brick.

Fireplace was a dominantelement in the style of theroom.

They never used fabrics in theeating zone as they tended toretain smell of food. They usedplastered walls in eating zone.

The principal buildingmaterials used by them werestone, brick and timber.

The interior door hadelaborate decorateddevelopments like that offireplace.

External doors were made ofplanks upto 26(65 cms) wideand were usually oak.

The planks were fastened byhorizontal battens reversewith the nail heads beingexposed to give decorativefinish.

Long galleries todisplay portrait

photos.

Gilt detailinginside and outside

the home.

Geometriclandscaping in the

back of the home.

FRONT DOOR

Use of glasswas seen in

small and large

houses. Bigger

windows without

shutters

admitted more

light and

provided

incentive for

carved, or

painted

decoration

inside the room.

Coffered ceilings andhammerbeam ceiling were used.

COFFERED

CEILING

HAMMERBEAM

ROOF

CORBELS

Tapestries serving a triplepurpose of keeping out chill,

decorating the interior, and

displaying wealth.

Tudor

Furniture

Wooden box in tudor style

Wooden box in tudor style

Chair in tudor style

Cupboard in tudor style

Baroque Style(1625-1714)

BAROQUE STYLE

This architectural style

originated in late 16th-century

Baroque style period is famous

for its ornamental and artistic

work.

Baroque period had

elaborate doors

specially the front door.

These door were

positioned on top of the

steps.

There were often

canopied by shell or

placed on a porch.

Columns were most

expensive frame to a

door.

Entrance

Doors were

large and had

only two panels

,later 4-6

panels could be

seen in their

design.

Doors

The hinges

on the door

were very

ornamental.

Doors

BAROQUE

DOOR

The windows of the

Baroque period were like

doors (front door)styled

very elaborately.

Curtains were very less.

Windows

Circular and oval windows

were a feature of this

period.

Windows

Staircase was made of

wood commonly oak and

was closed string forms.

Balustrades were

twisters. Doglegged and

spiral stairs were

common.

Staircases

In better houses, the

stairs were a luxury and

also a status. They used

stairs in the center of the

house in the central hall.

The ceiling of this period

was not plastered and were

more of coffered style.

Ceiling

The rich people had

plastered ceilings from the

under side of the wooden

floor above. The junction

between the ceiling and the

wall were marked by

cornice.

Ceiling

Baroque houses had stone

flag floors, marble were

used in two or more colors

so that they produced

illusionistic pattern. The

surface appeared to vary in

depth.

Floors

The floor patterns had

parquet or even marquetry

patterns.

Floors

Woven carpets from

eastern Mediterranean

was considered very

expensive and were

used in the houses .

Carpets were luxurious

on wooden floor.

Floors

Walls were patterned by

means of painted stencils.

Later , they were replaced

by block printed papers(

the first wallpapers).Rich

owners covered their walls

with woven or painted

fabric hanging.

Walls

Wood paneling

termed as

wainscot was a

fashionable

form of wall

lining.

Oak wood was

sometime

painted to

resemble

walnut or like

marble.

Walls

Balconies reflected the

status of the house and its

owner.

Balconies were of ironwork.

Balconies

Hanging lights with

candles.

Lighting

Ornamental work

S and C scrolls were

famous.

Furniture

Furniture

Fireplace

The fireplaces were very

beautiful, the over mantle

was done exquisitely.

Rococo Style(1700-1760)

ROCOCO PERIOD

Late Baroque is

an 18th century

artistic movement

& style. It

developed in

Paris, France as a

reaction against

the grandeur and

strict designs of

Baroque, as seen

in the palace of

Versailles.

Palace of Versailles

ROCOCO STYLE

Rococo style used light

columns, graceful approach,

asymmetrical design(one half

of the design doesn't match

the other half).

ROCOCO MOTIFS

Acanthus leaves motifs could be seen during this time

period.

Acanthus leaf

motif

ROCOCO FURNITURES

S and C scrolls were common in this time period.

Lengthened cushion back can be seen on the chairs.

Mahogany wood was used.

ROCOCO FIREPLACES

Glass was used on the fireplaces.

Early Georgian Style(1714-1765)

Doors:

Door is the

principle

ornamental feature,

panelled doors

were very tall and

later had a fanlight.

The front door was

painted in dark

colours or they

were grained to

imitate wood. They

had handsome ring

handles.

Fanlight

Doors:

Windows:

Casement windows were used, mainly double hung

windows.

Mainly softwood was used which was protected by white

lead paints. This paint work was a typical Georgian work.

Walls:

Wooden panelling was seemed in three part division,

frieze ,field & dado and they derived all this from the

proportions of architecture, column and base of a

classical order.

Walls:

Wooden panelling

was done to the full

height of the room, so

less expensive wood

was used. And they

were painted with flat

oil paint with very

fancy effects. The

walls were decorated

with tapestry

stretched on silk

brocade, wallpapers

were used ,cornices

were ornamented.

Ceilings:

This period had elaborate

painted ceilings and these

painted ceilings had scene

from court of arms. There

were geometric patterns

taken up on ceilings.

Ceilings:

Floors:

Wood floor planks

were mainly used

(oak). Oriental

carpets and English

Turkey and floral

carpets were

fashionable floor

coverings. People

used floor cloth in

dining rooms. The

patterns were mainly

set in diagonal and a

times gave illusion on

a floor.

Floors:

Staircase:

The staircase

during his time

were very

simple and were

more of open

string.

Lighting:

Enclosed lanterns were used with an oil lamp inside .

bhavika goyal final portfolio complete

Documents

good interior design

interior designintroductionto

project of

residential building

human desire

todezyne ecole collegetowards

human psyche

set of problems