bio medical waste & its environmental impact

8/9/2019 Bio Medical Waste & Its Environmental Impact

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Waste

Management

By

Sree Raj

Alekhya Allu


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Bio-Medical Waste Any waste which is generated

during the diagnosis,treatment or immunization of

human eings or animals or inresearch acti!ities "ertainingthereto, or in the "roductionor testing of iologicals -Biomedical Waste #Management and$andling% Rules, &''(

Bio-medical waste #BMW% isde)ned as the total wastestream from a healthcarefacility #$*F%

+nternational Symol of

Biological $azard


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Bio-Medical Waste

on $azardousWaste #./ to '0 1%

2ther$azardous

Waste

$azardous

Waste #&0 to3/1%

+nfectiousWaste


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Statistics from W$2

85%

5%10%


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4aw and 5e"artmentBio-medical Waste #Management 6 $andling% Rules,

&''( were noti)ed y the Ministry of 7n!ironment 6Forests #Mo7F% under the 7n!ironment #8rotection%

Act, &'(9 and Bio-medical Waste #Management 6$andling% Amendment Rules, 300:;

State 8ollution *ontrol Board #S8*B%< 8ollution *ontrol*ommittee #8**% are in charge of all the health care

facilities located in any Stateerritory

5irector ?eneral, Armed Forces Medical Ser!ices#5?AFMS% is in charge of all health careestalishments of the Armed Forces under theMinistry of 5efence


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Statistics


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+ndia&,/',(:( hos"itals and healthcare facilities in +ndia

@;&9 lakh kg


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WhoCs at Risk

7n!ironment

Wastecollection 6dis"osalstaD

Medical 68aramedic

al staD

8atients 6Eisitors


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S2=R*7 2F B+2-M75+*A4 WAS>7$os"itals #Both ?o!ernment and 8ri!ate%ursing $omes

8hysicianCs 2ce

*linics

5entists oce5is"ensaries

Mortuaries

Medical 4aoratories

Blood Banks and collection centers

Animal $ouses4aoratories

Research 2rganisation


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Why the eed for Safety >reatment

and 5is"osal of BMW5ue to increase the "o"ulation the amount of

iomedical waste generation also increasedand it reGuires attention as it "osses a greatthreat to "ulic health and en!ironment;

$ealth $azards of BMW

Type of Waste Health Hazards

$umanB, "neumonia

Shar"s $+E, $SE, $*E, +njuries

Radioacti!e


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*ategories of Bio-Medical WasteCategory Waste Type

Treatment &Disposal Method

*ategory +$uman Wastes #>issues,

organs, ody "arts%+ncineration < dee"

urial

*ategory ++ Animal Waste+ncineration < dee"

urial

*ategory +++Microiology and

Biotechnology wasteAutocla!e


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*ontd;;Category Waste Type

Treatment & Disposal

Method

*ategory E+ *ontaminated solid waste+ncinerationreatment Hand discharge in to drainfor liGuids and secured

land)ll for solids


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Segregation of BMWColor

CodingType of

ContainerWaste

CategoryTreatment

Options Waste Bag

J7442W 8lastic Bag*at

&,3,:,9+ncineration reatment Facility #*BMW>F%


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*ommon Bio Medical Waste

>reatment Facility #*BMW>F%*BW>F is a set u" where io-medical waste,

generated from a numer of healthcare units, isim"arted necessary treatment to reduce ad!erse

eDects that this waste may "ose;>he treated waste may )nally e sent for dis"osal in

a land)ll or for recycling "ur"oses;

*BW>F ha!e following treatment facilities

+ncineration Autocla!ing< Microwa!ing < $ydrocla!ing

Shredder Shar" "it< 7nca"sulation 7Kuent >reatment 8lant


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Why eed of *BW>F+nstallation of indi!idual treatment facilities y small

healthcare units reGuires com"arati!ely high ca"italin!estment;

Se"arate man"ower and infrastructure de!elo"mentreGuired for "ro"er o"eration and maintenance oftreatment systems;

Risk of "roliferation of treatment eGui"ment in a city;

Monitoring "ressure on regulatory agencies;By running the treatment eGui"ment at *BW>F to its

full ca"acity, the cost of treatment of "er kilogramgets signi)cantly reduced


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*o!erage of *BW>F2ne *BW>F allowed to cater u" to &0,000

eds at the a""ro!ed rate y the 8rescriedAuthority;

ot allowed to cater healthcare units situatedeyond a radius of &/0 km;


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4ocation of *BW>F*BW>F shall e located at a "lace reasonaly

far away from residential and sensiti!e area;

ear to its area of o"eration as "ossile inorder to minimize the tra!el distance in wastecollection, thus enhancing its o"erationalLeiility;

5ecided in consultation with the state"ollution control oard #s"c%


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+ncineration*ontrolled comustion "rocess where waste is

com"letely oidized and harmfulmicroorganisms "resent in it are

destroyed


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Autocla!eAutocla!ing is a low-heat thermal "rocess

where steam is rought into direct contactwith waste in a controlled manner and forsucient duration to disinfect the wastes;

o of incinerator in +ndia &/.

o of incinerator in A8 - &9


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Microwa!e+n microwa!ing, microial inacti!ation occurs

as a result of the thermal eDect ofelectromagnetic radiation s"ectrum lying

etween the freGuencies :00 and :00,000M$z;

o of incinerator in +ndia 0/

o of incinerator in A8 - 0


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$ydrocla!e$ydrocla!ing is similar to that of autocla!ing

ece"t that the waste is sujected to indirectheating y a""lying steam in the outer jacket;

o of incinerator in +ndia 03

o of incinerator in A8 - 0


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ShredderShredding is a "rocess y which waste are

desha"ed or cut into smaller "ieces so as tomake the wastes unrecognizale; +t hel"s in

"re!ention of reuse of io-medical waste andalso acts as identi)er that the waste ha!eeen disinfected and are safe to dis"ose oD;

o of incinerator in +ndia &9:

o of incinerator in A8 - &9


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7Kuent >reatment 8lant7>8 shall e installed to ensure that liGuid

eKuent generated during the "rocess ofwashing containers, !ehicles, Loors etc; is

dis"osed after treatment; >he treated eKuentshall com"ly with the sti"ulated regulatoryreGuirements;


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5os and 5onNts5oCs

>he used "roduct should e segregated

>he used "roduct should e mutilated

>he used "roduct is treated "rior to dis"osal=se "rotecti!e gear when handling waste *ollect waste when the in is O the full *lean s"ills with disinfectants

=se trolleys 6 do not drag waste ag


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5os and 5onCts5onNts

Reuse "lastic eGui"ment

Mi "lastic eGui"ment with other wastes

Burn "lastic waste A!oid needle stick injuries A!oid using common lift to mo!e waste A!oid s"illage


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*onclusionBio-medical waste "rogramme cannot e successfullyim"lemented without the willingness, self-moti!ationan co-o"eration from all sections of em"loyees of any

health care settings+f we want to "rotect our en!ironment and health of

community we must sensitize our sel!es to thisim"ortant issue not only in the interest of health

managers ut also in the interest of community

Start dis"osing waste )rst from within your home,then outside home, then neighorhood, then yourstreet, your area, city and then the nation and theworld;


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Biliogra"hy$ealth-*are Waste Management http://www.healthcare-waste.org/basics/overview/

World $ealth 2rganization http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs281/en/

http://www.who.int/topics/medical_waste/en/

*entral 8ollution *ontrol Board #*8*B% http://cpcb.nic.in/Bio_medical.php

Annual Re"ort +nformation on Bio-medical WasteManagement #as sumitted y S8*Bs


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bio medical waste & its environmental impact

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