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Bioactive AntiCancer Compound(s) in Devil’s Club: a Medicinal Plant of the Pacific Northwest David Hasman 1 , Joe Tai 2 , Susan Cheung 3 , and Richard Smith 4 1 British Columbia Institute of Technology (Forensic Science Centre). 2 Child and Family Research Institute, UBC Dept. of Pathology Laboratory Medicine. 3 UBC Department of Pediatrics and Surgery. 4 University of Waterloo, Dept. of Chemistry. Discussion Use/Collection/Processing Bioassay 3D Cell suspensions LC/MS, MS/MS, and accurate mass (+) ESI Overview LC/MS ESI, APCI, and APPI

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Bioactive Anti‐Cancer Compound(s) in Devil’s Club: a Medicinal Plant of the Pacific Northwest

David Hasman1, Joe Tai2, Susan Cheung3, and Richard Smith41British Columbia Institute of Technology (Forensic Science Centre).2Child and Family Research Institute, UBC Dept. of Pathology Laboratory Medicine.3UBC Department of Pediatrics and Surgery.4University of Waterloo, Dept. of Chemistry.

Discussion

Use/Collection/Processing

Bioassay 3D Cell suspensions

LC/MS, MS/MS, and accurate mass (+) ESI

Overview LC/MS ESI, APCI, and APPI

Devil’s Club:  “Oplopanax horridus”Araliacea family which contains Ginsengs.DC was formerly called Alaskan Ginseng

Cultural Linguistic Groups (Over 38):

First Nations Use of Devil’s Club

Mode of Use Inner Bark/Berries:

Chew inner bark

Infusion or Decoction (i.e. as a tea)

Mixed with berries as a paste (crush both together) and taken orally or applied externally to wounds

Nancy Turner et. al. Herbal Gram 2004; 62:  33‐48.   American Botanical Council

Over 34 medicinal uses known Spiritual uses 8

Stem Processing for Inner Bark

Cut Stems Remove outer Bark Score longitudinal Peal Inner Bark Off

Dry @ 30oC 8 hrs

Grind - Extract 70% EtOH/H2O

Grind - Extract 95 oC H2O

LC/MS Profile Bioassay

ActivityLC Fractionation

MS and MS MS accurate mass

Human Panc‐1 Treated with Different Agents: 3D – 3 days 

Control 40 M – mostly cells dead

DC extract

Gemcitabine1st line drug 

10 M ‐ cells still viable

Paclitaxel2nd line drug

80 nM ‐ cells dead10 nM – cells still viable

1.5 µM ‐ cells still viable~ 6 µM ‐ cells dead~

Different Panc Cell Line

Chromatographic Profiles: 70 % EtOH Extract Inner Bark 

[A: H2O  B: AcN;  A and B 0.05% formic acid]B:  10% 2 min, 40% 22 min, 60%  26 min, 100 % 40 min

210 nm

ESI Positive Ion TIC

mAU

TIC

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

ESI Negative Ion TIC

min

Frac 1 Frac 3Frac 2

Initial Mass Spectra Found

m/z200 400 600 800

227

245

285

326

387

471

489

507

530 60

562

3

675 71

573

375

1

978

996

972

min26 30 34 38

Coun

tsESI (+) Ion Spectra of Bioactive Compound

Agilent   G1946D ESI(+)50‐1500  m/zVcap:  4.0 kVFragmentation voltage: 90Nebulizer gas: 10 l/minN2 temperature: 350 oC

m/z300 400 500 600

100

297

315

332 35

035

5

411

429

555

593

611

629

664

A:  H2O; 0.05% formic acidB:  AcN; 0.05% formic acidGradient 10 ‐100% B in 40 min4.6 x 150 mm Zorbax C18

Devil's Club Polyynes with Antibacterialand Antimycobacterial Activity 

G.H.N. Towers et. al.  J. Natural Products  1997, 60(11), 1210‐1213

OH

OH

OO

OH

OH

OO

Oplopandiol acetate (5)OH

OH

Oplopandiol (3)

Compound (4)

OH

Falcarinol (1)

OH

OH

Falcarindiol (2)

C17 H24 O : 244.4

C17 H24 O2: 260.4

C17 H26 O2 : 262.4

C20 H28 O4: 332.4

C20 H30 O4: 334.4

LC/MS Polyacetylene Positive Ion Spectral Characteristics

ESI, APCI positive ions reported in literature:

[M + Na]+; [M + K]+; [M + H]+; [2M + H]+, [M + NH4]+

[M – (n H2O) + H]+: n = 0,1,2… 

[M – (n H2O) + m (CH3OH or AcN) + H]+ : n = 0,1,2..; m = 0,1,2..

ESI (+) Correlation to Observed IonsNominal Mass

“Tower’s Cmpds”m/z Ion Observed Proposed Correlation

[(M – 2H2O) + H]+

[(M – H2O) + H]+

[M – H2O + NH4]+ ,        ] ?

[2(M – 2H2O) + H]+

[M  + NH4]+

[M  + Na]+

[(M – 2H2O) + (M ‐ H2O) + H]+

[2(M – H2O) + H]+

297315

411429555593

332

629611

3554.  332

1.  2442.  2603.  262

5.  334

[(M – 2H2O) + (M – C3H4O ‐ H2O) + H]+

350

664 [M + (M – H2O + NH4)]+, ……?

[?]+

[?]+

M+

m/z280 320 360 400

%

0

100297 355.1882 (-0.9ppm [C20H28O4+Na]+)

315 353

331

371

356 399 411 429

350.2329 (-0.7ppm [C20H28O4+NH4]+)

m/z280 300 320 340 360

%

0

100297.1868

350.2331

332.2214315.1971

MS/MS of m/z 350 Ar@5eV

+ve ESI mass spectra of active peak – Waters QTof

Mass Corrected MS/MS [M + NH4]+ 350.2331

332.2214 (theoretical = 332.2226) loss of H2O from m/z 350 – 3.5 ppm

315.1971 (theoretical = 315.1960)loss of NH3 from m/z 332 +3.4 ppm

297.1868 (theoretical = 297.1854)loss of H2O from m/z 315 +4.5 ppm

m/z200 250 300 350

227

241

297

315

329

361

291

347

297

315

332

339 350

355

371

378

Positive Ion ESI; APCI; APPI [MeOH H2O]A

bund

ance ESI

[M+Na]+

[(M-2H2O)+CH3OH+H]+

[(M-2H2O)+2CH3OH+H]+

[(M-2H2O)+H]+

APCI APPI:toluene

350331

Abu

ndan

ce

Negative Ion ESI; APCI; APPI [MeOH H2O]

m/z200 300

313 33

1

347

377

364APCI

APPI:toluene

362

[M+O-H]-

[M-H]-

345

ESI

363

377

225

250

[M+CH3O•]-

[M+O•2]

-

Initial Identification of Compounds

min26 28 30 32 34 36 38

m/z 290

 alcoh

ol

m/z 292

 alcoh

ol  m

/z 332

m/z 334

m/z 332 m

/z 260

m/z 262

m/z 222

  6

m/z 222

   7

m/z 278m

/z 292

m/z 244

1

2

3

4

5

1. Falcarinol 2.  Falcarindiol 3.  Opopandiol 4.  Active cmpd 5.  Opopandiol acetate6. cis Nerolidol 7.  trans Nerolidol cmpds 6 and 7 confirmed by GC/MS and stds.

Coun

ts

Positive Ion Thoughts

Where does NH4+ come from? NH4

+ addition did not increase 350 m/z but did suppressed dimers.

Addition of metal ions (Na+) to indicate [M + Na]+ and M; search of – H2O.

Positive ion may predict number of OH groups and dimers can be useful for initial interpretation.

Different MS Sources do not necessarily give the same results.

LC and MS should be clean and mobile phase fresh.