biodas sel str & func.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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Cells: Structure and Function
By. Dr.Sri Widyarti
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PengertianPengertian SelSel
SelSel merupakanmerupakan satuansatuan strukturalstruktural dandanfungsionalfungsional terkecilterkecil daridari makhlukmakhluk hiduphidup..SelSel melakukanmelakukan semuasemua prosesproses kehidupankehidupan..
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PenemuanPenemuan PertamaPertama SelSel
Robert Robert HookeHooke, , ilmuwanilmuwanIngris(1665) Ingris(1665) selselgabusgabus dalamdalam bukubukuMicrographiaMicrographiaAnton van Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1674 Leeuwenhoek, 1674 ((pembuatpembuat lensalensa daridariBelandaBelanda) ) selsel hiduphidupdalamdalam airair
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PenemuPenemu SelSel
Mathias Mathias SchleidenSchleiden ((ahliahli tumbuhantumbuhan daridariJermanJerman), 1838 ), 1838 semuasemua tanamantanaman terdiriterdiriatasatas selselTheodorTheodor SchwannSchwann ((zoologiszoologis daridari JermanJerman), ), 1839 1839 selsel merupakanmerupakan unit unit strukturstruktur terkecilterkecildaridari makhlukmakhluk hiduphidupRudolpRudolp VirchowVirchow ((JermanJerman), 1855 ), 1855 selselberasalberasal daridari selsel yang yang sudahsudah adaada (TEORI SEL)(TEORI SEL)
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TeoriTeori SelSel
TeoriTeori SelSel menyatakanmenyatakan bahwabahwa ::SemuaSemua makhlukmakhluk hiduphidup tersusuntersusun atasatas satusatuatauatau lebihlebih selselSelSel merupakanmerupakan satuansatuan strukturalstruktural terkecilterkecil daridarimakhlukmakhluk hiduphidup, , selsel melakukanmelakukan semuasemua prosesproseskehidupankehidupanSelSel berasalberasal daridari selsel yang lainyang lain
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BagianBagian UtamaUtama SelSel
MembranMembran selselSitoplasmaSitoplasmaIntiInti
Tiga bagian utama sel
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MembranMembran SelSel
MembranMembran selsel(=(=membranmembran plasma) plasma) merupakanmerupakan lapisanlapisan tipistipisyang yang menutupimenutupi selselFungsiFungsi : : melindungimelindungibagianbagian dalamdalam selsel, , regulasiregulasitransport transport nutrisinutrisi
Membran sel
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SitoplasmaSitoplasma
SitoplasmaSitoplasma : : bagianbagiandalamdalam selsel, , selainselain nukleusnukleusSitosolSitosol : : bagianbagian didi luarluarorganelorganel selsel
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IntiInti
BentukBentuk bulatbulatMengontrolMengontrol semuasemuaaktivitasaktivitas dandan reproduksireproduksiselselTerdapatTerdapat DNA yang DNA yang berisiberisi informasiinformasi untukuntukmenjalankanmenjalankan aktivitasaktivitas selsel
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OrganelOrganel SelSel
OrganelOrganel selsel : : suatusuatu strukturstruktur dididalamdalam sitoplasmasitoplasma yang yang mempunyaimempunyai tugastugas khususkhusus
MitokondriaMitokondriaRetikulumRetikulum endoplasmaendoplasmaRibosomRibosomBadanBadan GolgiGolgiVakuolaVakuolaLisosomLisosom
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OrganelOrganel yang yang mempunyaimempunyai DNADNA
NucleusNucleus
MitochondriaMitochondria
ChloroplastsChloroplasts
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MitokondriaMitokondria
TempatTempat terjadinyaterjadinyarespirasirespirasi selulerselulerTempatTempat dihasilkandihasilkan energienergi
Mitokondria
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ChloroplastChloroplast
DitemukanDitemukan padapada tanamantanamanMempunyaiMempunyai membranmembran dalamdalam dandan membranmembran luarluar(double membrane)(double membrane)MembranMembran tilakoidtilakoid internal internal mengandungmengandung klorofilklorofilKlorofilKlorofil menangkapmenangkap dandan merubahmerubah energienergimataharimatahari menjadimenjadi energienergi kimiakimia
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Chlorophyll captures light energy and converts Chlorophyll captures light energy and converts it to chemical energyit to chemical energy
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Mitochondria and chloroplastsMitochondria and chloroplasts
MempunyaiMempunyai ribosomribosom dandan DNA (own DNA (own prokaryoteprokaryote--like genomes) like genomes) SecaraSecara evolusievolusi terbentukterbentuk daridari bakteribakteri yang yang diendositosisdiendositosis
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SitoskeletonSitoskeleton: : Tubules and filamentsTubules and filaments
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Actinmicrofilaments
Microtubules
Microtubules
Actinmicrofilaments
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FungsiFungsi SitoskeletonSitoskeleton
1.1. Cellular structure/shapeCellular structure/shape2.2. Movement of cellMovement of cell3.3. Movement of molecules or Movement of molecules or
organelles within cellorganelles within cell
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Animal cellAnimal cell
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Plant cellPlant cell
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Central VacuoleCentral Vacuole
Main function = pressure = presses cell Main function = pressure = presses cell contents against cell wall (plant wilts if vacuole contents against cell wall (plant wilts if vacuole not filled with water)not filled with water)Small vacuoles = storageSmall vacuoles = storage
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Animal Animal vsvs PlantPlant
Animal Plant
central vacuole No yes
lysosomes yes no
Cell walls No yes
chloroplas No yes
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ExtracellularExtracellular matrixmatrix
Substance in which Substance in which multicellularmulticellular animal tissue animal tissue cells are embeddedcells are embeddedDetermines characteristics of tissueDetermines characteristics of tissue
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RibosomesRibosomes
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RibosomRibosom
TempatTempat sintesissintesis proteinproteinMenempelMenempel padapada retikulumretikulum endoplasmaendoplasma, , atauatauBebasBebas padapada sitoplasmasitoplasma
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RetikulumRetikulum EndoplasmaEndoplasma (RE)(RE)
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RetikulumRetikulum EndoplasmaEndoplasma (RE)(RE)
RE RE kasarkasarpunyapunya ribosomribosomtempattempat sintesissintesis proteinprotein
RE RE halushalustidaktidak punyapunya ribosomribosomtempattempat sintesissintesis lipidlipid
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Badan Golgi
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BadanBadan GolgiGolgi
SuatuSuatu strukturstruktur sepertiseperti kantongkantong yang yang berlipatberlipat--lipatlipatTempatTempat maturasimaturasi protein protein setelahsetelah disintesisdisintesis didiretikulumretikulum endoplasmaendoplasma
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VakuolaVakuola
TempatTempat menyimpanmenyimpan sementarasementara ((makananmakanan, , sisasisametabolismemetabolisme, , kelebihankelebihan air)air)
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LisosomLisosom
UntukUntuk membersihkanmembersihkan organelorganel yang yang sudahsudah usangusangUntukUntuk fagositosisfagositosis
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SelSel HewanHewan dandan TanamanTanaman
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SelSel HewanHewan dandan TanamanTanaman
Sel Hewan Sel Tanaman
Vakuola Tidak ada Ada
Lisosom Ada Tidak ada
Dinding Sel Tidak ada Ada
Kloroplas Tidak ada Ada
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SelSel HewanHewan atauatau SelSel TanamanTanaman
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CytoplasmCytoplasmNucleusNucleusMitochondriaMitochondriaChloroplastChloroplastRibosomesRibosomesRERRERSERSERGolgiGolgi bodybodyVacuolesVacuoles
•Lysosomes•Cytoskeleton•Centriole•Cilium and
Flagellum•Microvilli•Cell membrane•Cell Wall
•Cytoplasm•Ribosomes•Nuclear Zone•DNA•Plasmid•Cell Membrane•Mesosome•Cell Wall•Capsule •Flagellum
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Eukaryotic cellsEukaryotic cells
Diagram
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Prokaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells
Diagram
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Summary of differencesSummary of differences
Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic Cells Eukaryotic cellsEukaryotic cells
small cells (< 5 mm)small cells (< 5 mm) larger cells (> 10 mm)larger cells (> 10 mm)
always unicellularalways unicellular often often multicellularmulticellularno nucleus or any membraneno nucleus or any membrane--bound bound
organellesorganellesalways have nucleus and other always have nucleus and other
membranemembrane--bound organellesbound organellesDNA is circular, without proteinsDNA is circular, without proteins DNA is linear and associated with DNA is linear and associated with
proteins to form chromatinproteins to form chromatin
ribosomesribosomes are small (70S)are small (70S) ribosomesribosomes are large (80S)are large (80S)
no cytoskeletonno cytoskeleton always has a cytoskeletonalways has a cytoskeleton
cell division is by binary fissioncell division is by binary fission cell division is by mitosis or meiosiscell division is by mitosis or meiosis
reproduction is always asexualreproduction is always asexual reproduction is asexual or sexualreproduction is asexual or sexual
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StrukturStruktur dandan FungsiFungsi SelSel
Uniselulerproses kehidupan terjadi
pada sel yang sama
MultiselulerProses kehidupan terjadipada sel dengan ukuran,
bentuk dan fungsi berbeda
ORGANISME
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SelSel ProkariotikProkariotik dandan EukariotikEukariotik
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Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Bacteria, Archaebacteria
EukariotikProkariotik
Rod-Shaped Bacterium, E. coli, dividing by binary fission(TEM x92,750). This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel
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SistemSistem EndomembranEndomembran
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MengapaMengapa selsel eukariotikeukariotik mempunyaimempunyaiorganelorganel bermembranbermembran
Spesialisasifungsi (kompleksitas)
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MengapaMengapa selsel eukariotikeukariotik mempunyaimempunyai organelorganelbermembranbermembran
UntukUntuk mempertahankanmempertahankan molekulmolekul dalamdalamkonsentrasikonsentrasi tertentutertentu padapada kompartemenkompartemen