biology lesson 3.4
TRANSCRIPT
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Lesson 3.4 Seeds
Seeds are where the baby plant or embryo is found
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Parts of a seed:
1.Embryo – plant itself
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Parts of the Embryo:
a. Plumule (epicotyl) part of shoot that gives rise to the first true leaves
b. Radicle = root system
c. Hypocotyl = becomes the stem of the new plant
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Parts of the Embryo:
a. Plumule (epicotyl) part of shoot that gives rise to the first true leavesb.Radicle = root systemc.Hypocotyl = becomes the stem of the new plant
d. Cotyledon(s) = seed leaves of the embryo; provides nutrients for embryo
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A seed can have: •one cotyledon called monocots ex. corn
or•two cotyledons called
dicots ex. lima beans
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Parts of a seed:1. Embryo – plant itself
2. Seed coat – protective covering some seeds have a double coat some seeds have a hilum or
scar where they attached to the ovary
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Parts of a seed:1.Embryo2. Seed coat
3. Endosperm = additional stored food found in monocots that surrounds the embryo.
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•Germination - sprouting of the seed
•Dormancy - period of inactivity to help seed not sprout during bad conditions
TermsTerms
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•Viability ability of seeds to germinate or (how long a seed can wait and still sprouts)some seeds are viable only a few days others for thousands of years – there is great variation in viability
Indian lotus viable thousands of years
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Steps to germination:1. plant absorbs water2. seed coat softens3. root and shoot push through soil4. energy used from cotyledons and
endosperm through process of cellular respiration (starch – sugar-energy)
5. Growth of stem, leaves and root. Cotyledons often grow with stem protecting leaves and providing energy.
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Factors affecting germination:1. Moisture – biggie, seed goes
from 10% water to 200% water
2. Oxygen for cellular respiration
3. Temperature – best 68-86F
4. Soil – varies in quality
5. Sunlight –some need to germinate others do not
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George Washington Carver
Called “the Plant Do ctor”
Taught agriculture at Tuskegee Institute
Studies chemurgi or ways to use plants to make products
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