biology lesson 7.2
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Lesson 7.2 Appendicular skeleton
Consist of the bones of the upper and lower limbs and their girdles
Girdles – bones where the limbs attach to the body
There are two girdles:PectoralPelvic
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BONES OF THE Upper LIMBS AND Pect0ral GIRDLE
Pectoral girdle – where the upper limbs attach
Includes the:
1) Clavicle (collar bone)Which attaches to the top of
the sternum.
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Clavicle
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BONES OF THE Upper LIMB AND Pect0ral GIRDLEPectoral girdle – where the upper limbs attach Includes the:
1) Clavicle (collar bone) AND
2) Scapula (shoulder blade)attaches to axis by ligaments and muscles which allows the shoulder joint to have the largest range of motion.
braced by the clavicle
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Scapula
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Bones of upper Appendage
1. Humerus - largest bone of arm and attaches to the scapula at the shoulder joint
Humerus
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Bones of upper Appendage
1. Humerus
2. Ulna one of two bones of the
forearm bone on the side that has
the pinkie (little finger) (UP)
attached to humerus by a hinge joint
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Ulna
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Bones of upper Appendage
1. Humerus 2. Ulna
3. Radius Second bone of the forearmOn the same side as the thumb
Rotates around the ulna to twist the forearm
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Radius
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Bones of the Hand
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Wrist
1) Carpals – 8 bones that make up the wrist
• The articulations of the carpal bones allow the wrist to bend and twist. Pretty good range of motion.
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Carpels
Bones of the Hand
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Wrist(1)Carpals
(2) Metacarpals - branch out from the carpals composing the main part of the hand.
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Metacarpels
Carpels
Bones of the Hand
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Wrist(1) Carpals (2) Metacarpals
(3) Phalanges 14 of theseform the fingers and thumbs
Fingers have three phalanges
Thumb has only two phalanges
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Phalanges
MetacarpelsCarpels
Bones of the Hand
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BONES OF THE LOWER LIMB AND PELVIC GIRDLE
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BONES OF THE LOWER LIMB AND PELVIC GIRDLE
Pelvic Girdle – where the lower limbs attach to the axial skeleton.
The 2 large pelvic bones that attach to the sacrum (vertebral column) make up the pelvic girdle.
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Pelvicbone
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Bones of the lower limb (appendage):
Femur attaches to the pelvic
girdle at the hiplargest and strongest bone of
the bodythe upper leg
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Femur
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Bones of the lower limb (appendage):Femur
Bones of the lower leg:
Two bones make up the lower leg:
1) Tibiaolarger of twooextends from knee joint to
the ankle joint
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Tibia
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Bones of the lower limb (appendage):Femur
Bones of the lower leg:
Two bones make up the lower leg:1) Tibia
2)Fibula Thinner than tibiaTell a little fibAttaches to the tibiaDoes not rotate like the radius of arm
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Fibula
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Bones of the lower limb (appendage):Femur
Bones of the lower leg:
Two bones make up the lower leg:1) Tibia 2) Fibula
Patella – knee cap•found in front of the knee•brace for tendons that
straighten leg•shields the knee joint
from injury
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Bones of the Foot
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Bones of the foot:
1) Tarsals7 tarsal bones make up the ankle
Allows foot to rotateTalus is largest of tarsal bones – attaches directly to tibia and fibula
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Tarsals
Bones of the Foot
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Bones of the foot:1) Tarsals
2) Calcaneus – heel bone
calcaneus
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Bones of the foot:1) Tarsals2) Calcaneus
3) Metatarsals•in front of tarsals•five of them•make framework of instep and ball of foot•arranged in curved arches
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Metatarsals
Tarsals
Bones of the Foot
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Bones of the foot:1) Tarsals2) Clcaneus 3) Metatarsals
4) Phalangesattach to metatarsalsfive of themMade of three bones each
except for big toe is only 2 like in hands
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Phalanges
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Bones of the Foot
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THE FOOT IS A MIRACULOUS DESIGN:
supports the body on a small arches allowing it to move and be balanced!!!!!