biomes pp. 105-123. biomes different climates lead to different communities of organisms,...
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BIOMESPP. 105-123
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BIOMES Different climates lead to different
communities of organisms, especially vegetation
Average temperature and precipitation
Soil
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http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/other-shows/videos/assignment-discovery-shorts-iii-biomes-deserts
/
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DESERTSTropical, temperate, polarDetermined by precipitation, not
temperatureLarger deserts are inland on
continentsExtreme temperatures between
day and night
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TROPICAL DESERTS Hot, dry year
round Few plants Hard, windblown
sand and rocks (TV Westerns)
Sahara/Namib Africa
http://i.livescience.com/images/i/000/030/972/i02/shutterstock_93404287.jpg?1347483719
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More precipitation than tropical
Summer days—high temps
Winter days—low temps.
Mojave—S. CA
TEMPERATE DESERTS
http://ww2.valdosta.edu/~mhmorgan/Mojave%20pic%203.jpg
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TEMPERATE DESERTS Drought-resistant
shrubs Cacti/Succulents Animals—Insects,
reptiles, small mammals, predator birds
http://carranzabanuelos3.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/8/3/26838685/5531298_orig.jpg
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COLD DESERTSCold winters,
summers warm/hot
Low precipitation
Sparse vegetation
Gobi, Chinahttp://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Travel/Pix/pictures/2012/4/26/1335451740107/The-Gobi-desert-in-Mongol-008.jpg
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DESERT PLANT ADAPTATIONSShed leaves in
hot, dry periods to conserve water
Mesquite, creosote
http://texastreeplanting.tamu.edu/treepictures/mesquite_honey.jpg
http://www.redcliffsdesertreserve.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Creosote-bush-in-flower-2.jpg
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DESERT PLANT ADAPTATIONS Succulent (fleshy) to
store water in tissues No leaves (no
evapotranspiration Spines reduce water
loss and protect from herbivores
Deep roots to reach groundwater
Saguarohttp://traveladdictsnet.c.presscdn.com/wp-content/uploads/blogger/-AwzhosmtWgE/UZwPnmvkLUI/AAAAAAAAHOI/_ooZo_DRur8/s400/Arizona-Saguaro-Cactus.jpg
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DESERT PLANT ADAPTATIONS Evergreen plants
with waxy coating to reduce water loss
Stomata open at night to get carbon dioxide
Texas Mountain Laurel
http://www.indianolatx.com/AIndPics/Plants/laurelpods60366_39.jpg
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DESERT ANIMAL ADAPTATIONSSmall, scales NocturnalConcentrated
waste Insects get
water from dew/food
http://blog.uvm.edu/cgoodnig/files/2014/10/fennec-fox.jpg
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DESERT SOILS Long recovery period from disturbances Slow plant growth, low species diversity Slow nutrient recycling due to sparse
bacteria Lack of water Nutrient-poor, mineral rich
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GRASSLANDSMostly interiors of continents; too
moist for deserts; too dry for forests
Not enough moisture for treesLow precipitation, various average
temperatureshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=q_t15sZh0-s
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SAVANNA PLANT ADAPTATIONS o Widely clumped
trees with thorns to protect from herbivores
o Drought and fire resistant
o Deep roots to reach groundwater
http://room42.wikispaces.com/file/view/4savanna.jpg/34448245/499x312/4savanna.jpg
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SAVANNA ANIMAL ADAPTATIONS Farsighted, fast Grazing at different
areas to reduce competition
Migration in dry periods
Giraffes, zebra, antelopes, lions, hyenas, humans
http://thegreatsavanna.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/2/8/14284847/4794163.gif?1352213180
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DISTRIBUTION Interior of continents North America (prairies) South America (pampas) Eurasia (steppes) Midwestern/West U.S. and Canada
(short-grass and tall-grass prairies)
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TUNDRA—POLAR GRASSLANDS PLANT ADAPTATIONS Low-growing to
escape bitter winds; conserve heat
Permafrost—short, shallow roots
Lichens, moss, grass, dwarf shrubs
http://schmoker.org/TundraLife/Photos/MossCampion-cushions-6.jpg
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TUNDRA—POLAR GRASSLANDS ANIMAL ADAPTATIONS Migratory birds Thick fur (snowy
fox, oxen) Feathers (snowy
owl) Burrowing
(lemmings) http://www.discovery.com/tv-sh
ows/other-shows/videos/assignment-discovery-shorts-iii-biomes-tundra/
http://thetundrabiome01.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/5/1/18519458/288476185_orig.jpg
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MOUNTAIN BIOMESOne-fourth of earth’s land surfaceDramatic changes in altitudes,
climate, soil, vegetation over short distances
Steep slopes create soil erosion (landslides) or humans (timber cutting, agriculture)
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ECOLOGICAL ROLES OF MOUNTAINSMajority world’s forest
(biodiversity habitat)Sanctuaries for animal species75% freshwater stored in glacial
ice (most in mountain area)Hydrologic cycle
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PLANT ADAPTATIONSShape of trees
shed snowWaxy needles
to reduce water loss
http://cache4.asset-cache.net/gc/108730806-coniferous-trees-with-snow-gettyimages.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=ceKD2LJv%2B89nRRmKG4p7F25lwYzldmzv8rVsukLv7yM%3D
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ANIMAL ADAPTATIONS Migratory birds Hibernation Thick coats
http://oakdome.com/k5/lesson-plans/powerpoint/images/taiga-forest-ecosystems/3-taiga-forest-ecosystem.gif
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PLANT ADAPTATIONSBroadleaf
evergreens to catch light through dense canopy
Climbing vines to reach sunlight
http://www.apethana.com/gallery/data/media/4/Lianas%20in%20Interior%20of%20Lowland%20Rainforest,%20La%20Selva%20Biological%20Station,%20Costa%20Rica.jpg
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ANIMAL ADAPTATIONSBirds with
beaks to eat fruits/nuts
Climbing animals to escape dense vegetation
http://www.animalsinthetropicalrainforest.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Animals-In-The-Tropical-Rainforest1-300x226.jpg
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TROPICAL RAINFOREST Nutrient-poor soil Fast decomposition due to moist, warm
climate with plenty of vegetation on forest flower
Fast uptake by dense vegetation creates the nutrient-poor soil
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TROPICAL DRY RAINFORESTWarm year round with wet/dry
seasonLower tree heights; less dense
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TEMPERATE RAINFOREST Coastal areas with ample rainfall and
moisture from dense ocean fog Ocean moderates climate (mild winters
and cool summers) Coast of North America (Canada to
Northern California)
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TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST Moderate average temperature with
changing seasons Long, warm summers and cold (not
severe) winters Abundant precipitation Fertile soil—Slow decomposition with
ample leaf litter builds up nutrients
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ANIMAL ADAPTATIONSHibernationMigratory birdsCamouflauge
http://www.buzzle.com/img/articleImages/335617-32323-1.jpg
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DEGRADATION OF MOUNTAINSAgricultureTimber extraction Increasing tourismUrban air pollution Increased UV due to ozone
depletionSoil damage from off road vehicles