brazil regional energy leader 10th largest energy consumer in the world largest in south america...
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BRAZILBRAZILRegional Energy LeaderRegional Energy Leader
10th largest energy consumer in the world 10th largest energy consumer in the world
largest in South Americalargest in South America
OutlineOutline
ThesisThesis
Historical overviewHistorical overview
Forms of energy Forms of energy
ConclusionConclusion
ThesisThesis
Through Brazil’s efforts to free themselves Through Brazil’s efforts to free themselves from dependence on foreign energy, they have from dependence on foreign energy, they have revolutionized forms of energy production and revolutionized forms of energy production and are on their way to becoming a regional are on their way to becoming a regional exporter.exporter.
BeginningBeginning
In 1975, Brazil’s military dictatorship launched an ethanol In 1975, Brazil’s military dictatorship launched an ethanol program that included subsidies to farmers and required all program that included subsidies to farmers and required all service stations in towns larger than 1500 people to supply service stations in towns larger than 1500 people to supply ethanolethanol
When the military dictatorship failed, subsidies to farmers were When the military dictatorship failed, subsidies to farmers were cut and with falling prices of oil; ethanol production slowed cut and with falling prices of oil; ethanol production slowed dramaticallydramatically
Research continued though till ethanol was capable of being Research continued though till ethanol was capable of being produced at 20cents a liter.produced at 20cents a liter.
1997- Brazil approved the Brazilian Petroleum Investment Law1997- Brazil approved the Brazilian Petroleum Investment Law
OilOil
Brazil is the world's 19th largest oil producerBrazil is the world's 19th largest oil producer1997 the government opened up oil production to 1997 the government opened up oil production to private companies and also freed oil prices from state private companies and also freed oil prices from state controlcontrol1.1 million barrels a day 1997 1.1 million barrels a day 1997 2.1 million barrels a day 2007 2.1 million barrels a day 2007 13 refiners refine 1.9million bbl/d 13 refiners refine 1.9million bbl/d
Oil
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
Barr
els
/ d
ay
Exports
produces
consumes
EthanolEthanol
largest producer and exporter of ethanol in largest producer and exporter of ethanol in the world, producing 282,000 bbl/d in 2005 the world, producing 282,000 bbl/d in 2005
over half of all cars in the country are of over half of all cars in the country are of the flex-fuel varietythe flex-fuel variety
ethanol will be cheaper than gasoline as ethanol will be cheaper than gasoline as long as the price of oil is over $45 a barrellong as the price of oil is over $45 a barrel
Natural GasNatural Gas
Substitute for fuel oilSubstitute for fuel oil
11.5 Tcf of reserves11.5 Tcf of reserves
Production slow downProduction slow down
ImportsImports
Infrastructure projectsInfrastructure projects
YearYear 19981998 19991999 20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004
%total%total >1>1 11 11 33 44 44 55
Natural Gas
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Brazil Argentina Mexico Colombia Venezuela
bil
lio
n c
ub
ic m
eter
Exports
produces
consumes
CoalCoal
11.1 billion tons of recoverable reserves11.1 billion tons of recoverable reserves
Domestic reservesDomestic reserves
ImportsImports
BNDESBNDES
yearyear 19711971 19801980 19901990 20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003
%total%total 33 22 22 33 33 33 33
Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power
One of leading producers in the worldOne of leading producers in the worldDistribution problemsDistribution problemsState and privately owned sectorsState and privately owned sectorsItaipu DamItaipu Dam– World’s largest damWorld’s largest dam– 12.6 GW production capacity12.6 GW production capacity– 20 generators20 generators
yearyear 19701970 19801980 19901990 20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004
%total%total 8484 9292 9393 8787 8282 8383 8484 8383
bkWhbkWh 43.243.2 128.9128.9 206.7206.7 304.7304.7 267.9267.9 286.1286.1 305.9305.9 320.8320.8
Electricity
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Brazil Argentina Mexico Colombia Venezuela
Bil
lio
n k
Wh
Exports
produces
consumes
ConclusionConclusion
Brazil has nearly accomplished the goal of Brazil has nearly accomplished the goal of self-efficiency for energy through its efforts to self-efficiency for energy through its efforts to enhance production and develop and enhance production and develop and implement new technologies to their greatest implement new technologies to their greatest potential. Through their efforts in oil, ethanol, potential. Through their efforts in oil, ethanol, natural gas, coal, and electricity, Brazil has natural gas, coal, and electricity, Brazil has been able to become a major consumer and been able to become a major consumer and future exporter of energy.future exporter of energy.
ReferencesReferences
CBS News. (2006). CBS News. (2006). In brazil, the driving is sweeter.In brazil, the driving is sweeter. Retrieved May/24, 2007, from Retrieved May/24, 2007, from http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/29/eveningnews/main1454613.shtmlhttp://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/29/eveningnews/main1454613.shtml Encyclopedia Britannica Online. (2007). Encyclopedia Britannica Online. (2007). Brazil: Hydroelectric resources.Brazil: Hydroelectric resources. Retrieved Retrieved May/26, 2007, from May/26, 2007, from http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-25093/Brazilhttp://www.britannica.com/eb/article-25093/Brazil Energy Information Administration. (2007). Energy Information Administration. (2007). Brazil.Brazil. Retrieved May/24, 2007, from Retrieved May/24, 2007, from http://http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Background.htmlwww.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Background.html Itaipu Binacional. (2007). Itaipu Binacional. (2007). Historical background.Historical background. Retrieved May/24, 2007, from Retrieved May/24, 2007, from http://http://itaipu.gov.britaipu.gov.br// Washington Post. (2006). Washington Post. (2006). Brazil's road to energy independence.Brazil's road to energy independence. Retrieved May/24, Retrieved May/24, 2007, from 2007, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/19/AR2006081900842.hhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/19/AR2006081900842.htmltml World Bank. (2004). World Bank. (2004). Electricity production.Electricity production. Retrieved May/23, 2007, from http://ddp- Retrieved May/23, 2007, from http://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/DDPQQ/report.do?method=showReport ext.worldbank.org/ext/DDPQQ/report.do?method=showReport Energy Information Administration. (2006). Energy Information Administration. (2006). Brazil: Coal. Brazil: Coal. Retrieved 5/23, from Retrieved 5/23, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Coal.htmlhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Coal.htmlEnergy Information Administration. (2006). Energy Information Administration. (2006). Brazil: ElectricityBrazil: Electricity. Retrieved 5/23, from . Retrieved 5/23, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Electricty.htmlhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Electricty.htmlEnergy Information Administration. (2006). Energy Information Administration. (2006). Brazil: Natural GasBrazil: Natural Gas. Retrieved 5/23, from . Retrieved 5/23, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/NaturalGas.htmlhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/NaturalGas.htmlBrazil: A Country Study. (1997). Brazil: A Country Study. (1997). EnergyEnergy. Retrieved 5/23, from . Retrieved 5/23, from http://countrystudies.us/brazil/76.htmhttp://countrystudies.us/brazil/76.htm