brick walling and joints

Brick Walling and joints

Ar. Sahil Pahal

Bond in Brick MasonryIt is the arrangement of bricks in each layer to avoid the continuity of vertical joints in any two adjacent courses.

Necessity of Bonds:Bond in brickwork is provided for the following reasons:• To break the continuity of vertical joints in consecutive courses,• To ensure longitudinal and lateral strength of the masonry work,• To distribute the load uniformly over the structural mass,• To ensure the quality of work,• To ensure systematic work,• To provide good aesthetics,• To economize the work.

Requirements of Good Bond In Brick Work• Bricks should be uniform in size.• Mortar thickness should be consistent.• Vertical joints in alternate courses should be in a single plumb line.• Header should be exactly in the middle of stretcher in two consecutive

courses.• Brick bats should be avoided to the maximum.

Types of bonds:1. Stretcher Bond2. Header Bond 3. English Bond4. Flemish Bond5. Facing Bond6. English Cross Bond7. Brick On Edge Bond8. Dutch Bond9. Raking Bond

10. Zigzag Bond11. Garden Wall Bond12. Rat-trap Bond

1. Stretcher Bondalso known as Running Bond

• In this bond all the bricks are laid as stretchers on the faces of walls.• This pattern is used only for

half brick thick walls i.e. 9cm, such as partition walls, sleeper walls, division walls or chimney stacks.• This bond is not possible if the

thickness of wall is more.

Isometric view of L-junction

Plan of 1,3,5…. courses


2. Header Bond• It is the bond in which all the bricks

are laid as headers on the faces of walls.• The pattern is used only when the

thickness of the wall is full brick i.e. 18 cm.• There is use of three-quarter bats in

each alternate courses as quoins.• This bond usually suitable in case of

curved walls but is not preferred for straight walls as it does not have strength in the direction of the wall.

Elevation



Isometric View Of L-junction Plan Of 1,3,5…. Courses Plan Of 2,4,6…. Courses

Three Quarter Bats

Three Quarter Bats

3. English Bond• This is the most commonly used

bond, for all wall thicknesses. This bond is considered to be the strongest.• This bond consists of alternate

courses of headers and stretchers.• In order to break vertical joints in

the successive courses, it is essential to place queen closer after the first header (Quoin header) in each heading course.

Plan of 2,4,6…. coursesPlan of 2,4,6…. courses

Plan of 1,3,5…. coursesPlan of 1,3,5…. courses

4. Flemish Bond• In this type of bond, each course is

comprised of alternate headers and stretchers. • Each alternate course starts with a

header (Quoin header) at the corner. Quoin closers are placed next to the quoin header in alternate courses to develop the face lap.• Every header is centrally supported

over the stretcher below it.

5. Facing Bond• This bond is used where bricks of different sizes are to be used in the facing and backing of

the wall.• In this bond a header course is provided after several stretcher courses.

6. English Cross Bond• This is a modification of English

bond, used to improve the appearance of the wall.• In this bond, alternate courses of

headers and stretchers are provided as in English bond.• Queen closers are placed next to

quoin headers.• A header is introduced next to the

quoin stretcher in every alternate stretcher course.

Elevation

Plan of 2,4,6….courses

Plan of 1,5,9…..courses

Plan of 3,7,11…..courses

7. Brick on Edge Bond (Silverlock’s Bond or Soldier’s course)• This bond is inspired by English

bond but in this bond the stretcher courses are replaced by laying the brick on edges and header courses laid on the beds.• Queen closer is provided after

quoin header in the header course.• This type of bond is weak in

strength but economical so usually used as garden walls, compound walls etc.


Elevation


8. Dutch Bond• This is another modified form of

English Bond. In this bond the corners of wall are strengthened by adding three-quarter bat as quoin for every stretcher course.• Alternate courses are of headers

and stretchers are provided as in English Bond.• In every stretcher course, a

header is placed next to the three-quarter brick quoin.

9. Raking Bond• This bond is used in thick walls. In this

type of bond, the bonding bricks are kept at an inclination to the direction of the wall. • Due to this, the longitudinal stability of

thick wall built in English bond is increased. • The bricks are arranged in inclined

direction, in the space between the external stretchers of the wall.• The raking or inclination should be in

opposite direction in alternate courses of raking bond.

Diagonal Bond

• Raking bond is not provided in successive courses. It is provided at a regular interval of four to eight courses in the height of a wall.• The raking course is generally

provided between two stretcher courses of the wall having thickness equal to even multiple of half-bricks, to make the bond more effective.

Types of Raking Bond:a) Diagonal Bondb) Herring-bone Bond

Herring bone Bond

10. Zigzag Bond • This bond is similar to herring-bone

bond, except that the bricks are laid in zigzag fashion.• This bond is commonly used for

making ornamental panels in the brick flooring or walls.

11. Garden Wall Bond• This type of bond is used for the construction of garden walls, boundary walls,

compound walls, where the thickness of the wall is one brick thick and the height does not exceed two meters.• This type of bond is not so strong as English bond but is more attractive.• It is sometimes used in the construction of outer leaves of cavity walls.

Garden wall bonds are of three types:(i) Garden wall English bond (ii) Garden wall Flemish Bond(iii) Garden wall Monk Bond

11.1 Garden Wall English Bond• In this bond, the header course is

provided only after three to five stretchers courses.• In each header course, a quoin

header is provided to provide necessary lap.• In stretcher courses, quoin headers

are placed in alternate courses.

11.2 Garden wall Flemish Bond• In this bond each course contains one

header after three to five stretchers continuously placed, throughout the length of the course. • Each alternate course contains a three-

quarter brick bat placed next to the quoin header.• This bond is also known as Scotch bond

or Sussex bond.

11.3 Garden wall Monk Bond• This is special type of garden wall

Flemish bond in which each course contains header after two successive stretchers.• Every alternate course contains a

quoin header followed by a three-quarter bat.

12. Rat trap Bond• This bond gives the same appearance

as of Flemish bond but in this bond all the bricks are laid on there edges instead of beds.• This bond uses less no of bricks in

compare to the conventional techniques.• It also provides the thermal insulation

due to the presence of void in between.

L-Joints:1.English Bond

2. Double Flemish Bond

3. Single Flemish Bond

T-Joints:1.English Bond

2. Flemish Bond2a. External Wall in Flemish Bond and internal in English Bond

2b. External and internal Walls in Flemish Bond

brick walling and joints

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