brief introduction to unep funded projectgec.jp/gec/en/activities/fy2009/ietc/wab/wab_day3-3.pdfin...

Brief Introduction to UNEP funded Project:

Converting Waste Agricultural

Biomass into Energy/Resource

in Sanghar Pakistan

Brief Introduction to UNEP funded ProjectBrief Introduction to UNEP funded Project::

Converting Waste AgriculturalConverting Waste Agricultural

Biomass into Energy/ResourceBiomass into Energy/Resource

inin SangharSanghar PakistanPakistan

By: Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar

Email:[email protected]

By:By: Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux MaharProf. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar

Email:[email protected]:[email protected]

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

2612622 666 OOHCOHCO Sunlight 2612622 666 OOHCOHCO Sunlight

WASTE AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS(WAB)

WASTE AGRICULTURAL BIOMASSWASTE AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS(WAB)(WAB)

WABWABWAB

Field ResidueField ResidueField Residue Process ResidueProcess ResidueProcess Residue

Cotton Gin WasteCotton Gin WasteCotton Gin WasteBajra StalksBajraBajra StalksStalks

•• DISTRICT SANGHARDISTRICT SANGHAR

•• One of the largest districts ofOne of the largest districts ofSindhSindh

•• located in the centre of Sindh andlocated in the centre of Sindh andis bounded to the east by India.is bounded to the east by India.

•• Its primary industry is agriculture.Its primary industry is agriculture.

STUDY AREASTUDY AREASTUDY AREA

•• 6 TALUKAS of DISTRICT SANGHAR6 TALUKAS of DISTRICT SANGHAR

Area and Population of District Sangharby Taulka

Area and Population of District SangharArea and Population of District Sangharby Taulkaby Taulka

S# Name of talukaArea

(Acre)

No of

Dehs

Union

Councils

Population

by census

1998

Growth

rate

Population

in 2010

1 Sanghar 590782 69 11 262050 362459

2 Sinjhoro 217070 88 8 196849 272275

3 Shahdadpur 108377 47 13 327408 452860

4 Tando Adam 107688 28 10 255941 354009

5 Jam Nawaz Ali 115021 51 4 88908 122975

6 Khipro 1300766 78 13 321874 445206

Total 2439704 361 59 1453030 2009784

2.74%

ROAD MAPROAD MAPROAD MAP

DesigningQuestionnaire

DataAnalysis

ResultsFiled & Process

Residue

Field Survey

AcquiringCrop DataCultivated

In SANGHAR

EstimatingQuantity of

WAB

ResultsOf Quantity

Of WAB

Status ofResidues

SelectingSamples

Preparationof Samples

Density,TGA,

Calorimetric,CHNOSAnalysis

Results OfCharacteristics

Of WAB

FIELD SURVEY OF DISTRICT SANGHARFIELD SURVEY OF DISTRICT SANGHARFIELD SURVEY OF DISTRICT SANGHAR

•• 55 Questionnaires were DesignedQuestionnaires were Designed

1.1. Field ResidueField Residue

2.2. Rice MillsRice Mills

3.3. Wood MillsWood Mills

4.4. Poultry FormsPoultry Forms

5.5. Brick KilnsBrick Kilns

Summary of the Field SurveySummary of the Field SurveySummary of the Field Survey

22No of bricks kilns surveyed

60No of poultry forms surveyed

80No of wood Mills surveyed

39No of Rice Mills surveyed

1180No of interviews conducted from farmers

59No of Union Councils

6No of taulka of District Sanghar

NoSummary of the Field Survey

Current WAB Management StatusCurrent WAB Management StatusCurrent WAB Management Status

43%

14%

57%43%

Utilized Disposed off Avaliable at Cost

355Available at Cost

1089Disposed off

1444Available for Energy

1089UTILIZED

2533Total WAB

kilo-tonsWAB

Taluka-wise Quantity of WABTalukaTaluka--wise Quantity of WABwise Quantity of WAB

•• Quantity of WAB per Year =Quantity of WAB per Year = AACAAC CYCY YRRYRR((monsmons))

•• wherewhere

•• AACAAC = Annual Area Cultivated (acres)= Annual Area Cultivated (acres)

•• CYCY = Crop= Crop YeildYeild ((monsmons/acre)/acre)

•• YRRYRR = Yield to Residue Ratio= Yield to Residue Ratio

Total quantity of WAB in districtSanghar (tones)

Total quantity of WAB in districtTotal quantity of WAB in districtSangharSanghar (tones)(tones)

2533087469247188176313375536193594378431719TOTAL

8692717772092488142821046191415Banana Plant9

1500814987342176262026655315Canola Straw8

23062424330271969128191763365Rice Husk7

507379335666043332817201887403Rice Straw6

12387010888868722917191092886933400SugarcaneBaggase5

252795222201772846770389975891768163SugarcaneTops4

640411432651525750141821431910313Cotton GinWaste3

1423129318356114480127779315145318193229177Cotton Stalks2

49351886603296155286611383313743373168Wheat Straw1

TOTALKhiproJam

NawazAli

TandoAdam

Shahdad-pur

SinjhoroSanghar

Taulka

WAB type

SNo

Total Quantity = 2533 kiloTotal Quantity = 2533 kilo--tonstons

Characterization the WABCharacterization the WABCharacterization the WAB

Samples of WAB selected for the analysisSamples of WAB selected for the analysisSamples of WAB selected for the analysis

YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesCotton GinCotton Gin

WasteWaste011011

YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesWheat StrawWheat Straw010010

YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesSugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops009009

YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesSaw DustSaw Dust008008

YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesRice StrawRice Straw007007

YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesRice HuskRice Husk006006

YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesMaize CobMaize Cob005005

YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesCotton StalksCotton Stalks004004

YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesCanolaCanola003003

YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesBaggaseBaggase002002

YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesBanana PlantBanana Plant001001

CHNOSCHNOSAnalysisAnalysis

BombBombCalorimetricCalorimetricAnalysisAnalysis

ThermoThermogravimetricgravimetric

AnalysisAnalysis

DensityDensityAnalysisAnalysis

Name of SampleName of SampleS NoS No

PREPRATION OF THE SAMPLE FORANALYSIS

PREPRATION OF THE SAMPLE FORPREPRATION OF THE SAMPLE FORANALYSISANALYSIS

Partially Crushed Samples for (DA)Partially Crushed Samples for (DA)Partially Crushed Samples for (DA)

Baggase

BananaCanola

Saw DustWheat Straw

Sugarcane TopsRice Straw

Rice HuskCotton Stalks

Maize CobCotton GinWaste

1111SamplesSamples

Results of density AnalysisResults of density AnalysisResults of density Analysis

0.3110.31123.023.07.1607.160Wheat strawWheat straw1111

0.9980.9987.57.57.4847.484Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops1010

0.8000.8009.09.07.2037.203Saw DustSaw Dust99

0.6740.67411.011.07.4177.417Rice StrawRice Straw88

0.9430.9437.57.57.0697.069Rice huskRice husk77

0.9040.9048.08.07.2337.233Maize CobMaize Cob66

0.9470.9478.08.07.5757.575Cotton StalksCotton Stalks55

0.3190.31924.024.07.6457.645CottonCotton JiningJining WasteWaste44

0.2680.26828.028.07.4997.499CanolaCanola33

0.2560.25628.028.07.1617.161BananaBanana22

0.2880.28825.025.07.2057.205BaggaseBaggase11

DensityDensity(g/cm(g/cm33))

Volume (ml)Volume (ml)Mass (g)Mass (g)Name of SampleName of SampleS NoS No

TGA result of baggase sample

ll

l l l l

l

l

l

l

l

l

ll

l

l

l

l

6.25min105.00°C95.54%

32.46min550.00°C24.13%

35.70min593.65°C7.868%

36.88min550.00°C5.315%

0

20

40

60

80

100

We

igh

t(%

)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Temperature (°C)

Sample: baggase_ sanghar-02Size: 23.6410 mgMethod: ARS-CRA-baggase-02

DSC-TGAFile: C:\TA\Data\SDT\ARS-baggase -02.001Operator: Memon SaeedRun Date: 2009-10-26 11:00Instrument: SDT Q600 V8.0 Build 95

Universal V4.1D TA Instruments

MoistureMoisture

AshAsh

Organic MatterOrganic Matter

Results of TGA Analysis for WABResults of TGA Analysis for WABResults of TGA Analysis for WAB

20.77320.77374.67974.67958.07358.0734.5484.548Cotton Gin WasteCotton Gin Waste(70% seed + 30%(70% seed + 30%cotton)cotton)

1111

14.63514.63581.04081.04061.34561.3454.3254.325Wheat StrawWheat Straw1010

13.61513.61583.95583.95564.81064.8102.4302.430Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops99

6.3046.30486.02286.02263.72063.7207.6757.675Saw DustSaw Dust88

18.74518.74577.93077.93060.19560.1953.3253.325Rice StrawRice Straw77

20.58020.58074.62074.62058.44058.4404.8004.800Rice HuskRice Husk66

6.7256.72588.69588.69568.68068.6804.5804.580Maize CobMaize Cob55

9.9799.97985.17185.17160.45560.4554.8504.850Cotton StalksCotton Stalks44

9.5389.53881.37781.37762.40062.4009.0859.085CanolaCanola33

4.7214.72192.16592.16573.08573.0853.1153.115BaggaseBaggase22

16.70516.70577.33077.33058.95558.9555.9655.965Banana PlantBanana Plant11

Ash (%)Ash (%)Organic (%)Organic (%)Volatile atVolatile at550 C550 C(%)(%)

MoistureMoisture(%)(%)

Name of SampleName of SampleSSNNoo

Results of Calorimetric AnalysisResults of Calorimetric AnalysisResults of Calorimetric Analysis

32683268

The Higher Calorific Value of the Cotton Ginning WasteThe Higher Calorific Value of the Cotton Ginning Wastewas calculated on the basis of percentages of the seed &was calculated on the basis of percentages of the seed &waste cotton, which were determined experimentally.waste cotton, which were determined experimentally.

Cotton GinningCotton GinningWaste (70% seed +Waste (70% seed +30% cotton)30% cotton)1313

355135511.4121.4121.4021.4021.4721.4720.020.020.060.060.960.96Cotton GinningCotton GinningWaste (cotton)Waste (cotton)1212

314731471.2811.2811.2811.2811.3811.3810.090.090.10.111Cotton GinningCotton GinningWaste (seed)Waste (seed)1111

344334431.4121.4121.4371.4371.5621.5620.1450.1450.1500.1500.9900.990Wheat StrawWheat Straw1010

363936391.5271.5271.5221.5221.6521.6520.1000.1000.1250.1251.0001.000Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops99

365936591.3541.3541.7481.7481.8731.8730.3990.3990.5190.5190.9000.900Saw DustSaw Dust88

334933491.3321.3321.4801.4801.5621.5620.1000.1000.2300.2300.9700.970Rice StrawRice Straw77

341834181.1261.1261.2901.2901.3511.3510.0800.0800.2250.2250.8300.830Rice HuskRice Husk66

379237921.3951.3951.9741.9742.0342.0340.5990.5990.6390.6390.8900.890Maize CobMaize Cob55

364936491.5141.5142.2622.2622.2732.2730.6440.6440.7590.7590.9900.990Cotton StalksCotton Stalks44

352535251.3821.3821.5001.5001.5521.5520.1500.1500.1700.1700.9500.950CanolaCanola33

391039101.6041.6042.1432.1432.2332.2330.4690.4690.6290.6290.9700.970BaggaseBaggase22

320132011.1001.1001.1001.1001.1901.1900.0300.0300.0900.0900.8700.870Banana PlantBanana Plant11

HCVHCV(kcal/kg)(kcal/kg)

TDTDT4T4T3T3T2T2T1T1MsMsName of SampleName of SampleSS

NoNo

Results of CHNOS AnalysisResults of CHNOS AnalysisResults of CHNOS Analysis

27.4727.470.600.601.701.705.065.0639.8739.87Cotton Ginning WasteCotton Ginning Waste1111

33.8033.800.240.240.830.835.345.3440.8340.83Wheat StrawWheat Straw1010

40.0340.030.140.140.150.153.723.7239.9239.92Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops99

35.1635.160.120.120.410.415.945.9444.3944.39Saw DustSaw Dust88

35.3535.350.220.221.011.014.964.9636.3936.39Rice StrawRice Straw77

30.3030.300.220.221.701.705.555.5536.8536.85Rice HuskRice Husk66

36.7236.720.090.091.041.046.166.1644.6944.69Maize CobMaize Cob55

36.2036.200.420.420.080.085.635.6342.8442.84Cotton StalksCotton Stalks44

35.2735.270.930.930.200.205.325.3239.6639.66CanolaCanola33

41.7941.790.000.000.180.185.545.5444.6544.65BaggaseBaggase22

33.1833.180.100.100.390.395.355.3538.3138.31Banana PlantBanana Plant11

OOSSNNHHCCName of SampleName of SampleSS

NoNo

CONVERSION OF BIOMASS INTO ENERGY/ PRODUCTCONVERSION OF BIOMASS INTO ENERGY/ PRODUCTCONVERSION OF BIOMASS INTO ENERGY/ PRODUCT

SELECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND TECHNOLOGY

(EST)

SELECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND TECHNOLOGYSELECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND TECHNOLOGY

(EST)(EST)

The selection of EST is governed by followingThe selection of EST is governed by followingfactors.factors.

•• Feedstock availableFeedstock available

•• Characteristics of feed stockCharacteristics of feed stock

•• End applicationEnd application

•• Cost of feedstockCost of feedstock

•• Cost of technologyCost of technology

•• Environmental SoundEnvironmental Sound

Selection of Biomass Transformation ProcessSelection of Biomass Transformation Process

WasteAgricultural

Biomass

Dry

Pre-TreatedBiomass

Wet

ElectricityOR Heat

Gas Fuel Gasification

Feedstock Property Energy Type

Liquid/Gas Fuel Methane Fermentation

Recommended Process

Steam

Hot WaterBiomass Boiler

Electricity

AND Heat

Electricity

AND Heat

Candidate Environmental Sound Technologies (EST) For WABCandidate Environmental Sound Technologies (EST) For WABCandidate Environmental Sound Technologies (EST) For WAB

TechnologyStatus

End use applicationsConversionprocess

Technology

Dual fuel and100% gasengine basedgasifiesavailablecommercially

Power generation:10kW -1 MWe. (SINGLEUNIT BASIS)Thermal applications insmall industries up to 3MWth.

Thermo-chemicalprocess whichconverts biomassinto producer gas

Gasification

Crop Residue based/Dung-based plantscommonly beingbuilt to produce biogas.

Cooking in households,Motive Power andElectricity generationALSO OrganicFertilizer

Bio-methanationprocess whichconverts biomassinto biogas

Biogas

From Stove to powerplant boilers of widerange

Cooking in households,Industrial heating,Electricity generation

(steam),

Densification ofbiomass byMechanical Force,then its combustionto get heat energy.

Pallet ofWAB

Candidate Environmental Sound Technologies (EST)For WAB

Candidate Environmental Sound Technologies (EST)Candidate Environmental Sound Technologies (EST)For WABFor WAB

•• Gasification TechnologyGasification Technology

•• Energy potentialEnergy potential

•• Anaerobic DigestionAnaerobic Digestion

•• Methane generation potentialMethane generation potential

Energy potential of WABEnergy potential of WAB

TALUKATALUKA--WISE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF WABWISE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF WAB

• Adopting estimated quantity of WAB, available

energy was worked out.1. SURPLUS RESIDUES

– (Sold by Farmer or Mill)

– wheat straw, Cotton gin waste, sugarcane baggase, rice husk and

canola straw

2. DISPOSED OFF RESIDUES

– (Being Wasted Since Long)

– cotton stalks, sugarcane tops, Rice straw and banana plant

•• Adopting estimated quantity of WAB,Adopting estimated quantity of WAB, availableavailable

energyenergy was worked out.was worked out.1.1. SURPLUS RESIDUESSURPLUS RESIDUES

–– (Sold by Farmer or Mill)(Sold by Farmer or Mill)

–– wheat straw, Cotton gin waste, sugarcanewheat straw, Cotton gin waste, sugarcane baggasebaggase, rice husk and, rice husk and

canola strawcanola straw

2.2. DISPOSED OFF RESIDUESDISPOSED OFF RESIDUES

–– (Being Wasted Since Long)(Being Wasted Since Long)

–– cotton stalks, sugarcane tops, Rice straw and banana plantcotton stalks, sugarcane tops, Rice straw and banana plant

WHEREWHERETEETEE = Total Energy Equivalent,= Total Energy Equivalent, AEE = Available Energy EquivalentAEE = Available Energy EquivalentQPYQPY = Quantity of WAB per year (tons),= Quantity of WAB per year (tons), AF = Availability FactorAF = Availability FactorCVCV = Calorific value (kcal/kg),= Calorific value (kcal/kg),

TEE = QPYTEE = QPY CVCV (4.184(4.184 1010--66)) TJTJ

AEE = TEEAEE = TEE AFAF TJTJ

Energy Potential of WAB in District SangharEnergy Potential of WAB in DistrictEnergy Potential of WAB in District SangharSanghar

151151313115152323303033332020Pant Size (MW)Pant Size (MW)

11924291192429242505242505115469115469179742179742237883237883260580260580156250156250ElectricityElectricityGeneration (Generation (MWhMWh))

2146421464436543652078207832353235428242824690469028132813Available EnergyAvailable EnergyEquivalent (TJ)Equivalent (TJ)

3801838018705970592833283346534653802780278919891965286528Total EnergyTotal EnergyEquivalent (TJ)Equivalent (TJ)

TOTALTOTALKhiproKhiproJamJam

NawazNawazAliAli

TandoTandoAdamAdam

ShahdadShahdad--purpur

SinjhoroSinjhoroSangharSangharName of TalukaName of Taluka

Electricity Generation* (MWh) = AEE 0.2 277.778

Pant Size** (MW) = Electricity Generation330 24

* Considering 20% efficiency, (Frear et al, 2005)

** Considering 330 days of plant operation

Basics of Gasification TechnologyBasics of Gasification TechnologyBasics of Gasification Technology

Sulfur

CO2

Low TempGas Cooling

Shift Rx(option)

ParticulateScrubber

Texaco"Quench"Gasifier

Slag/Frit

Biomass

H2O

+

Air SeparationUnit

O2

Slurry

Acid Gas Removal

CO/H2

Fines/Char

What is IGCC

Flexibility for CO2Sequestration

(Concentrated Stream)

PRE-COMBUSTIONTreatment of Pollutants

Sulfur RecoveryClaus/Scot

•High pressure•Low Volume•Concentrated stream(easier to treat)

Air

Sulfur RecoveryClaus/Scot

Combustion Turbine

Compressed Air to ASU

HRSG

Steam Turbine

Electricity

ElectricityCO2

15

39396396393963961969819819698198Total Cost of Gasification PlantTotal Cost of Gasification Plant RsRs

3000000300000015000001500000Cost of Land & InfrastructureCost of Land & Infrastructure RsRs..

4199584419958420997922099792Transportation & Installation Cost 15% of TotalTransportation & Installation Cost 15% of Total RsRs

4199584419958420997922099792Taxes including custom duty 15% of TotalTaxes including custom duty 15% of Total RsRs

27997228279972281399861413998614Total Cost Plant inTotal Cost Plant in RsRs

337316337316168658168658Total Cost Plant in USDTotal Cost Plant in USD

1474931474937374773747Gas Fuel Generator Set in USDGas Fuel Generator Set in USD

22124221241106211062Water treatment system in USDWater treatment system in USD

50147501472507425074Biomass Fuel crusher, dryer and Conveyer in USDBiomass Fuel crusher, dryer and Conveyer in USD

1175521175525877658776Gasification Equipment in USDGasification Equipment in USD

400 KW400 KW200 KW200 KWCost Of Gasification PlantCost Of Gasification Plant

Pilot Scale Environment Sound TechnologyPilot Scale Environment Sound Technology

6.126.126.126.12Payback Period in yearsPayback Period in years

6436000643600032180003218000Net Profit per Year in RS.Net Profit per Year in RS.

20736000207360001036800010368000Total Income generated per year @ rate of Rs.8/kWhTotal Income generated per year @ rate of Rs.8/kWh IinIin RsRs..

2592000259200012960001296000Net Power Available in KWhNet Power Available in KWh

288000288000144000144000Auxiliary Power consumption in KWhAuxiliary Power consumption in KWh

2880000288000014400001440000Total Generation of power in kWh per YearTotal Generation of power in kWh per Year

IncomeIncome

143000001430000071500007150000Total Expenditure inTotal Expenditure in RsRs..

10000001000000500000500000Repair & Maintenance inRepair & Maintenance in RsRs..

2500000250000012500001250000Personnel cost inPersonnel cost in RsRs..

108000001080000054000005400000Total Cost of Biomass @ Rs.100/40kg inTotal Cost of Biomass @ Rs.100/40kg in RsRs..

4320432021602160Biomass Required/ Unit @ 1.5kg/kWh in tonsBiomass Required/ Unit @ 1.5kg/kWh in tons

Operation ExpenditureOperation Expenditure


38.3438.3418.3418.34Net amount required from districtNet amount required from districtGovernment in MillionGovernment in Million RsRs..

1.661.661.661.66Available amount from UNEP Project asAvailable amount from UNEP Project asseed money in Millionseed money in Million RsRs..

40402020Total Cost of the Gasification Power Plant inTotal Cost of the Gasification Power Plant inMillionMillion RsRs..

SummarySummary


ENVIRONMENT SOUND TECHNOLOGY(2ND OPTION METHANEPRODUCTION)

ENVIRONMENT SOUND TECHNOLOGY(2ENVIRONMENT SOUND TECHNOLOGY(2NDND OPTION METHANEOPTION METHANEPRODUCTION)PRODUCTION)

Methane Generation PotentialMethane Generation Potential

Methane Generation Potential From WABMethane Generation Potential From WABMethane Generation Potential From WAB

Assuming the equal gas generation as from the Rice StrawAssuming the equal gas generation as from the Rice Straw**

TQ = Total Quantity, TS = Total Solids, VS = Volatile SolidsTQ = Total Quantity, TS = Total Solids, VS = Volatile Solids

**146.10146.100.5840.584VSVS250250Rice huskRice husk99

[7][7]95.9295.920.6480.648VSVS148148Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops88

[7][7]343.50343.500.7310.731VSVS470470BaggaseBaggase77

[6][6]180.96180.960.6240.624VSVS290290Canola StrawCanola Straw66

[5][5]184.04184.040.6130.613VSVS300300Wheat strawWheat straw55

[4][4]150.49150.490.6020.602VSVS250250Rice StrawRice Straw44

[3][3]184.31184.310.9400.940TSTS196196Banana PlantBanana Plant33

[2][2]87.0087.001.0001.000TQTQ8787Cotton Gin WasteCotton Gin Waste22

[1][1]65.0065.001.0001.000TQTQ6565Cotton StalksCotton Stalks11

RefRefNet MethaneNet Methane

(m3/ton)(m3/ton)

TQ/TS/VSTQ/TS/VSforfor

Sanghar'sSanghar'sWABWAB

On theOn theBasis ofBasis of

MethaneMethane(m3/ton)(m3/ton)

Crop ResidueCrop ResidueS#S#

Methane Generation Potential of District Sanghar in(km3)

Methane Generation Potential of DistrictMethane Generation Potential of District SangharSanghar inin(km(km33))

150605150605256342563412672126722615826158302883028835028350282082620826TOTALTOTAL

16021160213283283863868997899751995199851851261261Banana PlantBanana Plant99

27162716271271133133394394474474482482962962Canola StrawCanola Straw88

168516853103102212211441449494670670246246Rice HuskRice Husk77

583158311124112475275248948929729722792279891891Rice StrawRice Straw66

21272127187187149149394394328328496496574574SugarcaneSugarcane BaggaseBaggase55

2070620706170517051360136035893589299229924521452165386538Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops44

55725572124612464484485005001234123412461246897897Cotton Gin WasteCotton Gin Waste33

48491484911345113451595359535814581410242102429307930737243724Cotton StalksCotton Stalks22

474564745670137013327032705838583894279427151751517567336733Wheat StrawWheat Straw11

TOTALTOTAL(km3)(km3)

KhiproKhiproJamJam

NawazNawazAliAli

TandoTandoAdamAdam

ShahdaShahdadpurdpur

SinjhorSinjhoroo

SanghaSangharr

SSNNoo

Methane Generation Potential from WAB in District SangharMethane Generation Potential from WAB in DistrictMethane Generation Potential from WAB in District SangharSanghar


581334581334989489894848914489141009691009691169101169101352061352068038680386

ElectricityElectricityGenerationGeneration((MWhMWh))

150605150605256342563412672126722615826158302883028835028350282082620826

AvailableAvailableMethaneMethaneGeneration (km3)Generation (km3)

285438285438463724637219987199874122441224592565925668501685015009850098Total MethaneTotal MethaneGeneration (km3)Generation (km3)

TOTALTOTALKhiproKhiproJamJam

NawazNawazAliAli

TandoTandoAdamAdam


SinjhorSinjhoroo

SanghaSangharr

Name ofName of TalukaTaluka

Methane Generation Potential from Disposed offWAB in District Sanghar

Methane Generation Potential from Disposed offMethane Generation Potential from Disposed offWAB in DistrictWAB in District SangharSanghar


351451351451641036410332619326197291072910723017230165458654584405944059ElectricityElectricity GenrationGenration

((MWhMWh))

91049910491660716607845184511888918889187311873116958169581141411414TOTALTOTAL



2070620706170517051360136035893589299229924521452165386538Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops22



KhiproKhiproJamJam

NawazNawazAliAli

TandoTandoAdamAdam

ShahdadShahdadpurpur

SinjhoroSinjhoroSangharSangharSS

NoNo

Theoretical Estimation of Methane by CHONTheoretical Estimation of Methane by CHONTheoretical Estimation of Methane by CHON

324

2

8

324

8

324

4

324

dNHCOdcba

CHdcba

OHdcba

NOHC dcba

Theoretical Estimation of Methane by CHONTheoretical Estimation of Methane by CHONTheoretical Estimation of Methane by CHON

272.49272.491.6971.69727.46527.4655.0555.05539.86739.867Cotton Ginning WasteCotton Ginning Waste1111

249.79249.790.830.8333.833.85.345.3440.8340.83Wheat StrawWheat Straw1010

158.84158.840.150.1550.02550.0253.723.7239.9239.92Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops99

262.52262.520.410.4135.16235.1625.945.9444.3944.39Saw DustSaw Dust88

222.29222.291.011.0135.3535.354.964.9636.3936.39Rice StrawRice Straw77

255.04255.041.71.730.330.35.555.5536.8536.85Rice HuskRice Husk66

254.33254.331.041.0436.71536.7156.166.1644.6944.69Maize CobMaize Cob55

251.57251.570.080.0836.20136.2015.635.6342.8442.84Cotton StalksCotton Stalks44

242.95242.950.20.235.26735.2675.325.3239.6639.66CanolaCanola33

228.21228.210.180.1841.79541.7955.545.5444.6544.65BaggaseBaggase22

249.46249.460.390.3933.1833.185.355.3538.3138.31Banana PlantBanana Plant11

MethaneMethane(m3/ton)(m3/ton)@ 50%@ 50%NNOOHHCCName of SampleName of Sample

SSNoNo

Energy Potential of WAB from Methane in DistrictSanghar (Theoretical)

Energy Potential of WAB from Methane in DistrictEnergy Potential of WAB from Methane in DistrictSangharSanghar (Theoretical)(Theoretical)


13206111320611275747275747129044129044200243200243269235269235288237288237158107158107

ElectricityElectricityGenerationGeneration((MWhMWh))

342127342127714377143733431334315187651876697506975074673746734096040960

AvailableAvailableMethaneMethaneGeneration (km3)Generation (km3)

60966260966211560511560545353453537374873748130763130763142854142854101339101339

Total MethaneTotal MethaneGeneration (km3)Generation (km3)

TOTATOTALL

KhiproKhiproJamJam

NawazNawazAliAli

TandoTandoAdamAdam

ShahdShahdadpuradpur

SinjhoSinjhororo

SanghSangharar

Name ofName of TalukaTaluka

Energy Potential of Disposed off WAB from Methane inDistrict Sanghar (Theoretical)

Energy Potential of Disposed off WAB from Methane inEnergy Potential of Disposed off WAB from Methane inDistrictDistrict SangharSanghar (Theoretical)(Theoretical)


13632321363232307947307947145503145503223428223428281397281397259535259535145422145422ElectricityElectricity

GenrationGenration ((MWhMWh))

353169353169797797977937695376955788357883729017290167237672373767437674TOTALTOTAL



48005480053953395331543154832183216938693810482104821515815158SugarcaneSugarcaneTopsTops22



KhiproKhiproJamJam

NawazNawazAliAli

TandoTandoAdamAdam


SinjhoSinjhororo

SangharSangharSSNNoo

Technical characteristics for biogas plants byZORG

Technical characteristics for biogas plants byTechnical characteristics for biogas plants byZORGZORG

Characteristics Parameters Values

1Rawmaterial capacity(inlet)

tons/day 10 20 40 60 80 100 120

2 Biogasproduction m3/day* 2000 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 24000

3Plant electricityconsumption

kW 12 20 40 55 70 85 100

4Plant heat powerconsumption

kW 40 80 120 160 220 300 350

5 Maintenancepersonnel operator 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

6 Arearequired hectares 0,20 0,25 0,35 0,45 0,50 0,65 0,80

7 Solidbio-fertilizer output tons/day 5 9 19 28 38 47 57

8Liquidbio-fertilizeroutput

m3/day 2 6 11 18 22 29 35

Price list for silage biogas plants by ZORGPrice list for silage biogas plantsPrice list for silage biogas plants by ZORGby ZORG

Price, EuroRaw material capacity(inlet) tons/day Project

documentationSupervision* Equipment Construction**

10 27.000 20.000 220.000 170.000

20 35.000 20.000 320.000 230.000

40 40.000 20.000 440.000 300.000

60 47.000 20.000 530.000 390.000

80 52.000 20.000 630.000 450.000

100 60.000 20.000 700.000 520.000

120 70.000 20.000 820.000 590.000

** -- includes contract supervision, startingincludes contract supervision, starting--up and adjustment, trainingup and adjustment, training* ** * -- construction part (concrete tanks) can be executed by the custoconstruction part (concrete tanks) can be executed by the customer under ZORGmer under ZORGdocumentation at price cost without any surchargesdocumentation at price cost without any surcharges

Energy in disposed off WABEnergy in disposed off WABEnergy in disposed off WAB

3,1783,178------------210080210080------------401916401916Sub TotalSub Total

626232013201461946191.001.0046194619Banana PlantBanana Plant44

2122123349334915141151410.750.752018820188Rice StrawRice Straw33

7187183639363947133471330.800.805891758917Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops22

21862186364936491431871431870.450.45318193318193Cotton StalksCotton Stalks11

Sin

jho

roS

injh

oro

2,0152,015------------132794132794------------306157306157Sub TotalSub Total

191932013201141514151.001.0014151415Banana PlantBanana Plant44

838333493349592359230.800.8074037403Rice StrawRice Straw33

103810383639363968163681631.001.006816368163Sugarcane TopsSugarcane Tops22

8758753649364957294572940.250.25229177229177Cotton StalksCotton Stalks11

Sa

ng

ha

rS

an

gh

ar

AvailableAvailableEnergyEnergy

EquivalentEquivalent(TJ/Year)(TJ/Year)

CalorificCalorificValueValue

(kcal/kg)(kcal/kg)

Disposed offDisposed offWABWAB

(tons/Year)(tons/Year)

AvalibliAvaliblityty

FactorFactor

Quantity perQuantity peryearyear

(tons/Year)(tons/Year)Name of CropName of Crop

SS##

Na

me

of

Na

me

of

Ta

luk

aT

alu

ka

SAVING ENERGY BY DISPOSED OFF WABSAVING ENERGY BY DISPOSED OFF WABSAVING ENERGY BY DISPOSED OFF WAB

16,38516,3851087,5581087,558

GRANDGRANDTOTALTOTAL

Available EnergyAvailable EnergyEquivalentEquivalent(TJ/Year)(TJ/Year)

Disposed off WAB (tons/Year)Disposed off WAB (tons/Year)

•• If we utilize the disposed off WAB, then we can save equivalentIf we utilize the disposed off WAB, then we can save equivalentenergy in terms of heat or electrical energy and environment inenergy in terms of heat or electrical energy and environment interms of air pollution.terms of air pollution.

•• 16,385 TJ16,385 TJ ofof WABWAB’’S ENERGYS ENERGY

•• = 1,070 kilo= 1,070 kilo--tonstons ofof FIRE WOODFIRE WOOD

–– ((by comparing to the calorific value of the saw dust.)by comparing to the calorific value of the saw dust.)

•• OROR 910,293,858910,293,858 UNITS OF ELECTRICITY (kWh)UNITS OF ELECTRICITY (kWh)

–– if we convert heat energy into electricity with overall efficienif we convert heat energy into electricity with overall efficiency of 20%cy of 20%

EMISSION FROM DISPOSED OFFEMISSION FROM DISPOSED OFF

WAB DUE TO OEPN BRUNING OF WABWAB DUE TO OEPN BRUNING OF WAB

1327132734263426810281022773277354160541601232,0951232,09510875581087558

NONOXXSOSOXXTSPTSPCHCH44COCOCOCO22

Estimated Quantity of Emissions (tons)Estimated Quantity of Emissions (tons)

1.221.223.153.157.457.452.552.5549.8049.801132.901132.90

NONOXXSOSOXXTSPTSPCHCH44COCOCOCO22

Emission factors (g/kg of air dried WAB)Emission factors (g/kg of air dried WAB)

Disposed offDisposed offQuantity ofQuantity of

WABWAB(tons)(tons)

Moreover a huge quantity of the gaseous pollution can beMoreover a huge quantity of the gaseous pollution can be

reduced, by proper combustion of WAB, which is burnt either forreduced, by proper combustion of WAB, which is burnt either for

cooking by the farmers or by Sanghar Sugar Mill.cooking by the farmers or by Sanghar Sugar Mill.

The quantity of emissions was estimated by using the emission factors for air driedWAB in Pakistan [S.C. Bhattacharya, et. al (2000)].

Identification of PartnersIdentification of PartnersIdentification of Partners

•• District GovernmentDistrict Government

•• Private EntrepreneurPrivate Entrepreneur

•• NGOsNGOs

•• UniversityUniversity

brief introduction to unep funded projectgec.jp/gec/en/activities/fy2009/ietc/wab/wab_day3-3.pdfin...

Documents