Broadband and 4G CommunicationsArchitectures

Don ShaverTI FellowTexas Instruments DSPS R&D CenterCommunication Systems LaboratoryDallas, Texasshaver@ti.com

Broadband Communicationsat the Customer Premises

Home Office

Kitchen

Family Room

Bed Rooms

Security/Utility

Res

iden

tial

Gat

eway

Fiber (FTTH)

Cable

Twisted Pair(xdsl, pots)

Satellite

Home Distribution Networks

Phone Line (HomePNA)Wireless (802.11, 802.15.3,

Bluetooth, BT 2.0)Power Line (HomePlug)

FixedBroadband

Wireless

Access Methods

Outline

u Environment/Trends

uCommunications standards

n Near-term, long-term roadmaps

u Communications architectures

n Programmability vs. hardwired

n Next generation IP blocks

uSummary

Environmentu Communications IC’s

n ~50% of DSP marketn Require a mix of hardwired and programmable DSPn > 100K logic gates per sq. mm.n Increased integration vs. recurring costs vs. non-recurring costsn Next generation IP blocks for re-use

u Communications standardsn Wireless: 3GPP/3GPP2, 802.16, 802.15.3, 802.11n Wireline: DOCSIS, ADSL, SHDSL, HPNA, HomePlugn Delays in deployment, heavy investment by incumbentsn Technology spiritual battles involving circuit switched, ATM, and IP

factions; OFDM vs. CDMA vs. single-carrier modulation; TDD vs. FDD

u Disruptive Technologiesn Advanced signal processing, multi-antenna, error correction coding,

and MAC technology for increased capacity, rate, reach, and quality-of-service

n Low cost 802.11 chipsets with QoS, 802.15.3 WPAN, Bluetoothn Re-usable communications architectures

CMOS Scaling Roadmap Comparison

µm]

0.1

1

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Start of Production (Qual)

Tech

nolo

gy N

ode

[

Goal: New technology node every 18 months, within theITRS roadmap trend

Foundry ASIC

SIA/ITRSLeading edge ASICLeading edge MPU

TI ASIC0.7 µm

0.5 µm

Source: µProcessor Reportand TI.

0.35 µm

0.25 µm

0.18 µm

0.13 µm

0.10 µm

Outline

u Environment/Trends

uCommunications standards

n Near-term, long-term roadmaps

u Communications architectures

n Programmability vs. hardwired

n Next generation IP blocks

uSummary

Roadmap to 4G WirelessGSM

TDMAGMSK

GPRS200 KHz

171.2 Kbps

EDGE8-PSK

200 KHz384 Kbps

W-CDMA/FDD5 MHz

144 Kbps -2 Mbps

IS-136/TDMA

IS-95A/CDMA-one14.4 Kbps

MAP(GSM CoreNetwork)

IS-95B/CDMA-one

64 Kbps

CDMA20001XRTT

1.25 MHz144 Kbps

1XEV-DV1.25 MHz5 Mbps

(MAP/ANSI-41)

ANSI-41(PCS CoreNetwork)

802.11bCCK/BPSK/QPSK

5/11 Mbps

HSDPA5 MHz

> 10 Mbps(MAP/ANSI-41)

2.4 GHz

5 GHz

WirelessLAN

802.11a/HiperLAN2OFDM

BPSK/QPSK6/9/12/18/24/36/54 Mbps

802.16,3/802.16.4Single Carrier/OFDM

FDD/TDD

Fixed WirelessBroadband(<11GHz)

BWIF VOFDM

FDD

Start-UpsTDD/FDD

WCDMA/TD-SCDMA

4GCommunications

Systems

3G Start-UpsSupporting Mobility

3G

3G

3G

QoS Protocolsfor Wireless IP Networks

802.11gCCK-OFDM

/BPSK/QPSK/QAM Up to 54 Mbps

Physical Layer for 4G

Single Carrier

W-CDMA/CDMA2000

IS-95/CDMAone

Other Dimensions- Bandwidth: >6 MHz- Mobility: Nomadic to Full Mobility

802.16.3

BWIF HSDPA/3GPP1XEV-DV/3GPP2

TD-SCDMA

GSM/GPRS/802.16.3

802.16.4(TDD/FDD)

FDD

MIMO

Non-MIMO/MISO

OFDM DS-CDMA

Multi-Antenna

DuplexingMethod

TDD

802.11a(MISO/MIMO)

802.11b

ModulationMethod

4G

Important 4G Technology Components

u Space-Time Coding and MIMOn Spatial diversity and coding gains for large link budget gains

(>10 dB)n Only minimal use in today’s systemsn Complexity vs. performance trade-off

u Beamformingn Range increase, link budget increasen Space-division multiplexingn Smart antenna gains for class of single-antenna receivers

u Other techniques to achieve higher capacityn Frequency / Code / Time Diversityn Interference Cancellation / Multi-user detection (MUD)n Exploit multipath diversity (OFDM / CDMA)n LDPC codes for best performance at low complexityn Fast ARQ for robust, low delay data transmission

Space-Time Coding for MIMO Systems

u Increases data rates due to multiple transmit and receive antennasu Combats fadingu Increases basestation-to-user capacityu Cost is scalable with performance

Wireless Channel

Info

Space-Time Coding &

Interleaving

Space-TimeDe-Interleave &

Decode

DataSource

…..

…..

MIMO Advantages

4x4 MIMO

Outline

u Environment/Trends

uCommunications standards

n Near-term, long-term roadmaps

u Communications architectures

n Programmability vs. hardwired

n Next generation IP blocks

uSummary

Broadband Communications Platforms

DigitalBaseband

AnalogFrontEnd

LNA/PowerAmp

MediaAccessControl

NetworkProcessing

Applications/Signaling

3G Mobile- W-CDMA/HSDPA- CDMA2000/1XEV-DV- OFDM/non-standard

2G Wireless LAN- 802.11a/b/g- 802.11e- 802.11i/f/h

1G/2G Fixed Wireless- BWIF/802.16- 2nd Generation- FDD/TDD- SC/OFDM/CDMA

4G Technologies- Smart antennae/MIMO- OFDM- Space-Time Codes for MIMO- Multi-User Detection- Forward Error Correction- Adaptive MAC with MIMO support

DigitalBaseband

AnalogFrontEnd

LNA/PowerAmp

MediaAccessControl

NetworkProcessing

Applications/Signaling

4G Platform/Architecture

3G Fixed Wireless

3G WLAN

4G Mobile

Display MassStorage

Emerging Implementations -- Massive Integration

Digital IP CoresFine Grained

Filter/FFTMIMOBeamformerViterbi/RS/Turbo/LDPCDigital PLLMAC AssistEncryption/decryptionMotion estimation

SynthesizedDSP/application-

specific logic

• Memories• Interconnection

Network• I/O Control Analog IP Cores

ADC/DACMixerPLLAnalog FiltersPower Amp

Interface CoresUSBPCIPCMCIA1394Serial

System on a Chip

Intellectual Property- Algorithms- Architectures- Core Designs

Software- DSP algorithms- Compilers- Device drivers- RTOS- Debug tools

Design Methodology- Datapath/Control- Co-development (HW/SW)- Uniform design flow for re-usability

Systems Engineering- Cost/size/power/performance- HW/SW Partitioning- Algorithm development- Standards

ProgrammableCores

RISCDSP (TMS320)

Digital IP CoresCourse Grained

802.11a/b/gADSL modemCable modemW-CDMA/1XEV-DVHomePNA/HomePlugMPEG encoder/decoderTranscoderDiagnostics/Testability

- Analog front end performance- Algorithm/IP core performance- Digital diagnostics- Interoperability- Co-existence/ compatibility

Summary

u On-chip functionality is increasing rapidlyn Digital / analog integrationn Software, analog, protocol stacks, system interfaces, applicationsn >> 100 Kgates per sq. mm.

u Recovering non-recurring engineering/R&D expensen Requires increased hardware and software re-use

u Programmable DSP will drive the broadbandcommunications market coupled with re-usable application-specific IP blocks