Broadband and 4G CommunicationsArchitectures
Don ShaverTI FellowTexas Instruments DSPS R&D CenterCommunication Systems LaboratoryDallas, [email protected]
Broadband Communicationsat the Customer Premises
Home Office
Kitchen
Family Room
Bed Rooms
Security/Utility
Res
iden
tial
Gat
eway
Fiber (FTTH)
Cable
Twisted Pair(xdsl, pots)
Satellite
Home Distribution Networks
Phone Line (HomePNA)Wireless (802.11, 802.15.3,
Bluetooth, BT 2.0)Power Line (HomePlug)
FixedBroadband
Wireless
Access Methods
Outline
u Environment/Trends
uCommunications standards
n Near-term, long-term roadmaps
u Communications architectures
n Programmability vs. hardwired
n Next generation IP blocks
uSummary
Environmentu Communications IC’s
n ~50% of DSP marketn Require a mix of hardwired and programmable DSPn > 100K logic gates per sq. mm.n Increased integration vs. recurring costs vs. non-recurring costsn Next generation IP blocks for re-use
u Communications standardsn Wireless: 3GPP/3GPP2, 802.16, 802.15.3, 802.11n Wireline: DOCSIS, ADSL, SHDSL, HPNA, HomePlugn Delays in deployment, heavy investment by incumbentsn Technology spiritual battles involving circuit switched, ATM, and IP
factions; OFDM vs. CDMA vs. single-carrier modulation; TDD vs. FDD
u Disruptive Technologiesn Advanced signal processing, multi-antenna, error correction coding,
and MAC technology for increased capacity, rate, reach, and quality-of-service
n Low cost 802.11 chipsets with QoS, 802.15.3 WPAN, Bluetoothn Re-usable communications architectures
CMOS Scaling Roadmap Comparison
µm]
0.1
1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Start of Production (Qual)
Tech
nolo
gy N
ode
[
Goal: New technology node every 18 months, within theITRS roadmap trend
Foundry ASIC
SIA/ITRSLeading edge ASICLeading edge MPU
TI ASIC0.7 µm
0.5 µm
Source: µProcessor Reportand TI.
0.35 µm
0.25 µm
0.18 µm
0.13 µm
0.10 µm
Outline
u Environment/Trends
uCommunications standards
n Near-term, long-term roadmaps
u Communications architectures
n Programmability vs. hardwired
n Next generation IP blocks
uSummary
Roadmap to 4G WirelessGSM
TDMAGMSK
GPRS200 KHz
171.2 Kbps
EDGE8-PSK
200 KHz384 Kbps
W-CDMA/FDD5 MHz
144 Kbps -2 Mbps
IS-136/TDMA
IS-95A/CDMA-one14.4 Kbps
MAP(GSM CoreNetwork)
IS-95B/CDMA-one
64 Kbps
CDMA20001XRTT
1.25 MHz144 Kbps
1XEV-DV1.25 MHz5 Mbps
(MAP/ANSI-41)
ANSI-41(PCS CoreNetwork)
802.11bCCK/BPSK/QPSK
5/11 Mbps
HSDPA5 MHz
> 10 Mbps(MAP/ANSI-41)
2.4 GHz
5 GHz
WirelessLAN
802.11a/HiperLAN2OFDM
BPSK/QPSK6/9/12/18/24/36/54 Mbps
802.16,3/802.16.4Single Carrier/OFDM
FDD/TDD
Fixed WirelessBroadband(<11GHz)
BWIF VOFDM
FDD
Start-UpsTDD/FDD
WCDMA/TD-SCDMA
4GCommunications
Systems
3G Start-UpsSupporting Mobility
3G
3G
3G
QoS Protocolsfor Wireless IP Networks
802.11gCCK-OFDM
/BPSK/QPSK/QAM Up to 54 Mbps
Physical Layer for 4G
Single Carrier
W-CDMA/CDMA2000
IS-95/CDMAone
Other Dimensions- Bandwidth: >6 MHz- Mobility: Nomadic to Full Mobility
802.16.3
BWIF HSDPA/3GPP1XEV-DV/3GPP2
TD-SCDMA
GSM/GPRS/802.16.3
802.16.4(TDD/FDD)
FDD
MIMO
Non-MIMO/MISO
OFDM DS-CDMA
Multi-Antenna
DuplexingMethod
TDD
802.11a(MISO/MIMO)
802.11b
ModulationMethod
4G
Important 4G Technology Components
u Space-Time Coding and MIMOn Spatial diversity and coding gains for large link budget gains
(>10 dB)n Only minimal use in today’s systemsn Complexity vs. performance trade-off
u Beamformingn Range increase, link budget increasen Space-division multiplexingn Smart antenna gains for class of single-antenna receivers
u Other techniques to achieve higher capacityn Frequency / Code / Time Diversityn Interference Cancellation / Multi-user detection (MUD)n Exploit multipath diversity (OFDM / CDMA)n LDPC codes for best performance at low complexityn Fast ARQ for robust, low delay data transmission
Space-Time Coding for MIMO Systems
u Increases data rates due to multiple transmit and receive antennasu Combats fadingu Increases basestation-to-user capacityu Cost is scalable with performance
Wireless Channel
Info
Space-Time Coding &
Interleaving
Space-TimeDe-Interleave &
Decode
DataSource
…..
…..
Outline
u Environment/Trends
uCommunications standards
n Near-term, long-term roadmaps
u Communications architectures
n Programmability vs. hardwired
n Next generation IP blocks
uSummary
Broadband Communications Platforms
DigitalBaseband
AnalogFrontEnd
LNA/PowerAmp
MediaAccessControl
NetworkProcessing
Applications/Signaling
3G Mobile- W-CDMA/HSDPA- CDMA2000/1XEV-DV- OFDM/non-standard
2G Wireless LAN- 802.11a/b/g- 802.11e- 802.11i/f/h
1G/2G Fixed Wireless- BWIF/802.16- 2nd Generation- FDD/TDD- SC/OFDM/CDMA
4G Technologies- Smart antennae/MIMO- OFDM- Space-Time Codes for MIMO- Multi-User Detection- Forward Error Correction- Adaptive MAC with MIMO support
DigitalBaseband
AnalogFrontEnd
LNA/PowerAmp
MediaAccessControl
NetworkProcessing
Applications/Signaling
4G Platform/Architecture
3G Fixed Wireless
3G WLAN
4G Mobile
Display MassStorage
Emerging Implementations -- Massive Integration
Digital IP CoresFine Grained
Filter/FFTMIMOBeamformerViterbi/RS/Turbo/LDPCDigital PLLMAC AssistEncryption/decryptionMotion estimation
SynthesizedDSP/application-
specific logic
• Memories• Interconnection
Network• I/O Control Analog IP Cores
ADC/DACMixerPLLAnalog FiltersPower Amp
Interface CoresUSBPCIPCMCIA1394Serial
System on a Chip
Intellectual Property- Algorithms- Architectures- Core Designs
Software- DSP algorithms- Compilers- Device drivers- RTOS- Debug tools
Design Methodology- Datapath/Control- Co-development (HW/SW)- Uniform design flow for re-usability
Systems Engineering- Cost/size/power/performance- HW/SW Partitioning- Algorithm development- Standards
ProgrammableCores
RISCDSP (TMS320)
Digital IP CoresCourse Grained
802.11a/b/gADSL modemCable modemW-CDMA/1XEV-DVHomePNA/HomePlugMPEG encoder/decoderTranscoderDiagnostics/Testability
- Analog front end performance- Algorithm/IP core performance- Digital diagnostics- Interoperability- Co-existence/ compatibility
Summary
u On-chip functionality is increasing rapidlyn Digital / analog integrationn Software, analog, protocol stacks, system interfaces, applicationsn >> 100 Kgates per sq. mm.
u Recovering non-recurring engineering/R&D expensen Requires increased hardware and software re-use
u Programmable DSP will drive the broadbandcommunications market coupled with re-usable application-specific IP blocks