Broaden YourHeat ExchangerDesign Skills

i .adi.r CEP ini.k .overdbasir d'enal dsisn ot sheLLrMrtrbc hcd er.hrger(sTHEj ilr. Here, re

'xkc,LdL d sonc of rhc more adv .ed ssucsi. er.hlngcr dcsiln\h. srde md rubcsidc utrnk. us oftrrut!id. sl'elh. ovddesig ( md louling

T[i n a vqr sp!.iilized hcer or hedrrhxne$daign lnn ri ma where.onid&lhlc rxFnrn.c npdiddy usetul

For n$y sc i.cs. rhe allm ,otr orsides n quire { iShrforumd. For eramph, ror .@liiB or.odd.n:ing hrdmc&bons. .ooliiE wdu is invd$ly plk.dinsnb rhe rlbci llis is becaure.oori'rgwdrr ir lolline, ind n n ernrb clsirh. iiside ol r$es rhm the oubide Ho*-evc( sl'ould thc pu.ss steam be com.sive rid Elunc l]rc use of m erFirivcdloy nccl. on. mui conside. syi.chin!rhc fluid dl@ltion. becaus ir dre com.sivc ltcam is on Ine shenside. borh rherubes and rte shell * l need ro bc made

whsi dehi.ing &e allo.lion olsids, rhu osineernu{ coNidei

rnvr,$ry. d,.sc cotrsidcn ons ffeoftei cofiadidory. making $e sre.rioiol sides a YLry .ompli.atd atitr

After masteingthe basics of

shell-and-tube heatexchanger design,jo

're read! totackle the adwnce.d

topics cowredhere: allocation of

shelkide andtubeside f ids,use of muwlx

shells, overdesign,

vis.osi+ vnco6 Huids !r fuch berr.r handhd oi ibe sbeLLlde Tnh is he(ru\e a..isid..ably higher hefi nsfer.oerli.e,t ch b obrained d rhc shellside rhxn on rh. rubeside. du ro rhe highcr rurbulenc..'t.lre high dr liicoJiry otrhe 3tr1d. rhc lrlaler rbe ditr4nle brr\eeD dr sl'cllside md rob.sidc hdfmsf{ coeflicicna A laeged rubrlO,our pftfttr is supenor ro $ ii liiepdrem, rs n Prcmos moErulbtrtcrce.

cor.siren6s, lt rhe noie .onosiYcntrid soi rhc tub*ide, orly lne rub.sidtlomponenls ('ubcs, chanDel and .h,iiNtlorer, lroarinB rQd coyei md rub.siderubshed rrt d&d ro be of supenormsrrrurgr How.vei f &e mor com.sire rluid G on $e shenside. dre shc|.shel cov.r, l]oanns head covdr, mdsher:side frcc ot dre tubesher a eeLl asrhe rbs mun b of $e superior hcld.lurgr Cbany, 6e .on ol the k(.r boder.hrstr will b. bishe' ta$u,ling i dcn-rical .oninclion pranean such rnDibf ol rubes, rubc dibd*. tubenhi.kncss. rub r.ng!h. and shelt di$ne,te, Thercforc, rh. dor! cotrosive fluid isp'rrsrably placed on rhe rubeside.

Foultng rendenq. The not loolingflu n prefenbly roud &mugb Lhcrub.side. Be.lusc deE n moE deadsprces oo rhe shEllside $m on dE rubcside. rhe shcllside x moE suspribte rolourrng FunhemoE. aner routitrg buildsuproacenain lcrel ir bsom* n.c6sary

chmi.ai cldi(e 6y hldrojeni.s or rcdding) ol lne inside of tubrs is nu.h .asie.lnrn clesi,rc rhc odside ot tubes

and fouling.

. rssrsd , 35

nryes|*'IF.trpt]lfL]rnfn,"r

"4 u,. * +.a ,u. p

"

s" k",r "r_ ,_t_ -"rlf,rr ,ilirre. FD

hunrL., Lrurdr! rr!i. n N, rNLirotr xid. .rnrqu. ry lcr) lltrgrE' U]fiJi] ]lltr\ l].1i']1) un'o(]crtr rr: trr.qinnLheLL in i :ingL.r,rLl T[ or ]- inrdims b.tu ttr.tLhi.dilir ririhirriei rrll]nnlr!.1

lor rh. drile.eDr remnos rrl .otr

rrsed Llu'ii'f l.]v \.1..$ otc l.iMullipls sholls in sori.s

qtr rc ..nn.i for hrl re.orery trtl

3 reiD.,ture .ro( t.ds trr h. .r.oripl6h!d. null,plc sltl\ in $ns

Th. number ol shell\ in rrie\$irld!p.nd on {hc eftor olrhe rmp{durt fos rhr( n. rhe difitrrurts Th. high rhe cmpenrm

celfi.enl "

o{. {,.e rhe Jl(q$].Liai uidi rlo tr,. fr*s lloqrr.riu rtrb. pAsL:.ann bc JdoPrd hrft\j lhe pfu$Ul d'op mLld er.lcdrh. rll.s$le lr nr F ctrLj i\$d rl'. or.rill r,d trNre' .Fll,.$r i\ .fly :5s killr,nl c Ntunrhe .nid! n rk&lor rrt

'ulEnde *

106 rlr rD:'C nr d,i ,lrnetr trrilturfldr !. n,rLh .d-L!nrilr

br i$i r\p.Dsn. he.ruse tr\ hrd

rub*h.dc be mrdt or {J ns nerlcrcs. die.oi oI'r,c c d. on shdsiJ. d.nsn Ls lrrr rl'. sheLl\Lde lrsrhc liiSh{ d*istr Iie*u.e Hor.ri.rb. clt ds ol th!(i.s.r rub-) rDil rlic !rre,itrh olconinLlh.d re mnr liSDihmr rhrnrhi.IIcd.fd*rn prc$m.

Ir \ rur fni thr (nn0L bl hridhd

a,ells n b. Lred,n:.i\. ii Ftr.J

Multiplo 5hells in p3r.ll.lqh0 rl!. .cqltrd hed min{ rr.tr

Thn tr oDrr rppri.rblc Lo flodmg

rh.lr h r Enro\irrle tub. bnidl.sdrir l,rtrdling.rF[Li.!. Ln lrrye rlu[e bDdh $flshtrkn!! ]r- hnir150 500 mr ol hrdr rtf( mr.

Sn!. hrd rub*h.d hed e\drigr! do mr hrre knorible rube

iir.hiLls ii eiier : j'si!L d'!n!i, nirdd,drd ;dhe!F sr

. .tnl or,!.d ri!i{r-i.h;.; .i.i' ir u..g',rt"*,e*"4*ry-"r"rtar,i.:'. , 9-t *l 1, -,3r!ttri'|l;r!rd,mi . M0 sl

- illladipn*m drc! t!,^d, tdds;ii!d 16 i?ri ff.ieit rElrr.dll 2e:.ltr!!or. eliifutrlt.qrlilii k!{brnf"r i: il,0jr .13, !:::i.:

tunlLhr.irrj*r..q !{ .$tt. r"c !6ed..l..{

(60'r). rrc sh.lLs a.e rdeqfaHor$ei in Figur l4 trhicb hA .rll0'C). lnur :hells ft req,ned

. ARsrs . 37

Not,1,,r !.Lil :tr., orr fltiinl.,h.,,,,,,",i..,.,,!,,,,,,..",.,1,.,

h.d, rnr{r r:!n StrL I trr b.rrtdrri0n .r pr$utu d.or.

iNirr l:i rot .t 11. nr! rDrrd

- rE

" rh. hntinr,;,.$

!. ln !ir \ii$ r drii nrr n,tr I I I rrr.rr

M(hipls rhott. jn .ri..^(!.rr]rl].].i+lt|!j.(]

S,nGrr H!aio]r,L,r rr hdr r,r:h

u\ rf \l.ilicLt, lib. ]

:1. ll.ll , fu b\ ]s: n..$ ;JtNrrll\idr jirror nrr.. TtLr r\. ilrn n ri|. rFqn! (:: rlrr, lLrlx\h:LLdirmr., .fd 0fr4 ddr rrlLntrj lL \ c.M lM+.L\d.\el0ntr: ]Llre$ r.i. t d0s b I \u_a lrryrherr

h.r r d!r, fJ fLnhlr rh

r,, m d1n ro i.nrf rh! HVai:)1.r{rr r Lh.thr ir rrlj 13 tarrNlLlemtr mtrruyenjL jr rh.shdkLd. Ff.rirr... lnJ dr. rortrlhex!.r ti, rl rr nrL[r r!re* rrLr mr 0rrr trdr; hr hrrnrLrr,r. l.!t,i!).liu rdr ir5 mn,it..r \.uld b. L.n lti: ort rtir

lh!rmd!!id(dllyhltd'tdL/hnI'

I

..qt 4d t uttu t r 6 ,,-,..

si4g:!l::!, &dF;i!h *.rb h ""i-

38. AFctsr$ - cBrMc{lNcrfts(G*6Rss

N0Ll.Lgn\]'ecom|fi.dLnl]lblli

in rrie3/Daralll combin,tionS ur,on\ \oDielnr$ rN Yrer

L'a$r r *.i$ rfr r larLlelrrrng.irin!anem be.on'.\ trrronhbtfti:\ iLunmd b\ rrr io ovi'snl lla. rlinq rpplnr,orEx.mpl6 3: MohiPl 3h6ll.

d*i,!red lor rh. nurY lPeriliqL

sinlc the vco han h b .oo ril

eftid orftc ndlsidc l&k,!e nEmscsE.rllr rh. sh.!lro b.fl]e lerker1"J".,

"; ,t. ".e,m* p'"trt

-a$ercbj rhe mrtrtr tmPlmure difi{.r,ar.la. p.*-. *"r

"-ta * -"uined sirhin ft ruowabl.listr \irhr{o Jrlk in 5!,ns rhr rub.nde Pb,,s

",\;s iwhnh tr rhemiii'num lora splir nn,e Nilrrtroush 8odn,! hean.oNhdnr,) Funl,.!r,oF, rho cmld;ed. ft ns o d l.'nF.irurc {ofrdrheD exred 4i'c. trlirhlouLd iesuLrn sxcesne Luln! (s.3liig)

Thei.Jor.. 'l,e

oDlY fesible soltr

rcded in $k\ rnd Lf! llli-Lde rts!$use rhis lrs r lontvl,d ut\urL:i(n(Lon rb! ..u!d Dor '!e hrilll(l l,jr \ingle nLD otr u,r..rmmid r,tr$rl,rigirr,.' rldejg. \ontrft. trrldbb3 r1!r7.d.r1trLLy

s re i, {s d*trrblc tu hNt di.r!. shell: orrh: $mt:tr. n *sqr lhd Lr,r h.re' shdl |uLLd d.$! r!d{ 5h.ll l,y rLnr 0I rh( I'Lsh!rLr h.d trsisJei .0eifi!iu (J!r ii

rhi Lo\.r s L\itr vn.ostrl lhtr\.rhe $o \he1ls \er rN,trdridu.ll)on I prDp.d-r onputr p'osfumt.r{rl riik\ $rl, Ll,ffrre a vrio mk,.dr'etnp{ r$ (lEnveen

'h:b( oiid. nrlnue 1DLi,b{ Drrub*hft l gd,. rnd shell lD ) Tl't

'n

l!5'C rid.ore.podd to 7l',i h.ddd) ir rhr h.ter sh.ll trl 264i tr]

lht Nul,dF *r htd 0 hc $Frft L.rin dr No drlLs Horc!!( irrhe rorllcooL'tr! \vre' flolv rrr r.'eL!b.tll! rl .qMlLy bdre$ thc r{oshdls.

'h l.mpemtrt ol tu.0ol s! cr crtig rhe ho er rhdl {ou!dbe mNb highft rlfl r5-C lriihrhrlerrD-! rhc ..lder shell quuld li.

.ombinrd .dle' 'eDip{rh'R) rl,N trbe.&r rl tlr l,L-!hll uncquxl lrer

\hrll\. Smr.o.lLns rdcr {di'rg s{n rn'eud.ed r hL-!h{ brll tcniperduA. ,|tr\ \v.uld l.td b herr-loL ni! n rr l,or.r rhe11 T0 trroidrhi\ ptubLcD. rlt .oolLns \rx'd flo{

' dd$ 39

rr:r dL!er. iP|r rrrnlrdr j:]. jlrrd itr oL rd rsrr.rm im b.,fll]! 5ht]l\ |DulL] t]j.c

rhir. rhri 11!r \thr tkrrler lrr

. n lk oLda me .sl. ,; .Rnii! \!!c ir.nLr nror i,r bdh1r! rr.,r te\iq, b !n;'!,r r

Ov6rdrign on surraceA\ Lhi Lnf i,4le. or. .\i:D

tr,,r \!r nltrli, n0 ! ed,il

rd lLraif, I r,r Ttu Lr ! hur q

rl'flnllLlD.L]eln{Jlo}nLAI , I,rr tre\.rLL; c

^-ri,dr Jrnr. I r|.: ., s;r : r0'r

-lt'rnser l xLhr orrtd{i!tr'Ugil]nrhIj,.mly[.molcprud.d rh. Li{hn rhe r.qffv i.,h: rioas dr; d ,h. r, ghr;dj"mdh.d isolirro. Lhe ro\o rri!mr-eif oi o\r.denen rh n.eds ro

cll{r\ ..!hi.r:|) htrr on sbndaiLludioi ol her.r.lraia de5isnlol r|. rfl c[lrJjE: D l dhl;.oip.'t'ni'l'{o^,'nr.qur(d aM sreftdes Pn: a.: nl{i!er. IsiDPr! s e bmdi! {i[b.deLruF rir nt ,h- nd ltl 0ie{ .3n b"."med r ir,, :rhpdrmr.r

.r shell 3id rtr! bear e\.hrtrpf\. lodrd zd'of .t d.aan I tu$ei dJn.uk rask. ird rhe d.

ilrn Drr c.trDeltd r..ftrirNnN \irh iah. r,i!h.\*l!\ qi i

i.,.^Lr beol n ! d,m, h"er',llnlll.!,.,'D.. h"r . I i F,;i.Lr L,l;,,

!r. hur irrh nLlt:?o tr llrr Llrr fu{ !/. It in i,L rh t !rrr ,hertu \ n.r i..e ,rble,1hr d.!Os iontt'Led r, r,!qr rfr rij!.,i-&'lllll.lr.Je!)r,,!h {prd ui Lr,.nr

unLt nb.r.rtrbr\be .;m0,Fld{ i| rf! hrg{ nrdL n, d.

orrRillgf {ould ior bc u r!r(!rnly r,i!h Tfn l,r!i. f.cnai,rtr nhi \ir,b* irr rour tuI uj r; rolfa he ncthla\ on H \crr!i ri lLl iEr r.

, rerFrc.

:!d'is {rips ! hou ld lrdiDLor.rj alhmdi\ct! tr en.qhar ;;, i,r.prrrf dh.,L!.d hrrlbr ; ri!!D

4rr!b!.F'i,r m0D.,n;dd^66 ii.

Ov.rd6sign on p.rf ohsnccrliL! r, or.jd-prnl Lrj c!

.ri.msr, \rrLdrrre n0; rfm rheLrsh.J hNrr'. rhc rol,LnErtr uLI ri,rrJ nor mr dr hd \ r.$,;,|"

r.,L 0d,rAi{i oi idonr;,(lK r r n^rn rL\ h i,! ,did ri| ( bu rdrr ! gd! (r!d tr\j:a L h i r0jr r{lnnnrr..or{d-i!tr ()r.dNlr !r P{r.rDri.. a trr'.h lr\ dtu,r d*,lj { it .bf L .\.ILf D :ndLllmffl,$t|L.MTD{Ll]tl!

(.nrider lhr dine^ rild ex.hin,{ sri.dhal D Trbe 3 A dsi$ rr\riEps(d

'o, $n J!.nr hrD; I !r^

gle d,cll .f ltL n: h Ltr ;r !nl.ce. lTu ob*. :5 nn OD : l5Dn lhrr ! 6 nL tons ot ftnn n..lrd our on a 32 nn Fbrit ! 1rpi'.h rhse trde so iube pr$ejlmd

40. narcHrs, cuMbllNGrN@Nc moc#$

sir-{lltgmedrL 6.tles sBr cmrloteLl x sFdins ol lm h ddrris r ol l:i or dic dimer.the NIID etr\ 33 2'c and tu FftsucdoF {cre 0 .15 kg/.nf rnr lhl Dedi,i fdrii fl r\IP,\r nr.m r0 6i rg.n hr llic mrdc rne oEdc Isrlr !x\ 215c, lh n, rhe rQrmnsld atr |'.vi,l!d (l]l n,rr ]a:l 5+ rrY. th{n !hd \as quncrL

Th. .|!rii,r ol rhF erchhlcr$r!sinn,l rJroe uare r.r$crrd.jlinrlns p{Iomance. trid rbe lol.\ n! ! fomd MPA od d kmF'iMe = i90.9'c. ude odhr rm\r\1rcir/h. md \rTD = 3,150c

rhu\ rhc er.hrnger y.ukl dudrr d.rns x ber duty rl4lt MM:ra \lM krilnr ThcEbF. ft3Ii: lr.at dnr'

'i.rcr\.d xnlt rhe MTDJ::rtrtd \o rh rh. lrn hnster-.i r.lurtd \a! eqlar 10 thd pm\ J:,r th. or r[ h.d rrn\1ir.oer'i!:nr Ema,ned ldutrll! rhr :rme,:! P.in.iprllr ulr.r drr chrDse ir'.ipenhr. and rb eby rh! phFi.xl

In LbL.N rbe o' d4rgi oi $rn-.!rll.i[r lne.vdlsignoi3..rrnm ce {as 69. this n h..ri* rle hor !ftri md the coldnil'e'e.r. md rheE ks considenbh!_op. tor no.e heati"S (ol rhe .old!@in) d .ml'rc (or lhe horrDre b.rree. die ourlcr hor and.oldshm re'np rtuas n lo{ei so 1}4a ,ncrcase n he duly is a.coDpx.nid b) a sharp firr ir rhe MTD cod.k'tue ry rhe ove.dAj!tr on performrn.e tr mtr.h ro*errh,n rhe ovdde.lgn on suifr. Typicd\ a t0+o\eRr{ier oi surlkc rdd 4 ro rl {9r. orrd{isn on pe.fonan.c

Orcrdesisn on pedannxnle i\dedl! morc \igniicanr dn.,ni.srul rhxn orerdsign on su,rr.. mr lr

cblnsu mr be .{|cd&l ro FrlonnH.{ erchaieer s i.e\ aE osuslh

ai3r"7cd and d(dr\ ir rlr rotrlrL.o riLlon. HNey!( {lre j I hexr r\.hrirlr r cltir iniLrllr- 0r rhq.lcNrin!, trr ore ll hexr !.nsaei nJdli.e is triL.h hrgtr. rlirn du iithr n\L ed r.ndirii i nr r!'r I r hilhr oyturnred c.meqne lr. ( \inL

lr nriy hr f.r.d rrcn du il rtje.urrd

'lnP.rdri.\.f the tu lluid!li(rhitnr orrtr! inft.v if Lh. h.rLlul}.nomtrtltr\hllhll'corfud.\ !n or \untc I0 itrh I crse. rri!.v{dtrign of t,.r[n n.e rnitFoulingr ir3 con.equsnco.

'l.hikd dne$ror .r flulrDp Ihcd e{.hrigq5 un br f.uid ttlllou{rd: sin.e nr n! [li\s x 1ri\;]jroid rlc jn lhL des:q' ol h.;lrrh$strs tr hri. K.otr r ii pit

Fouling nrr- li! drlmed r rhe drji\irion or tr lsiftble Dix(( or !hr(txnsf iunir( li r D irlor hcd rmsJt, hdtr..n r*. nRims

Tlr ieposns .i borh llic inlder^d th. orridc orlhc tub i\trh Ltrrrtdrcdon D rrtr or xn h. ransrrlodii.LeDrdtr. ro rhe e\.3 r$xh.cro her hNftr !h.h fNnb j't rl.r!{ he rastu fttr, rid .

'edu.rio. in rhe ilo\r m.r or rh. ph$sx.trhich rsulrs irr incnsed prcs4

The d+r.r ol }ntrtrn! vrncsmrledry wirh rh. narur ol De Rtrtdsbe'rs hrrdlld. conse+.n r. ri.hdgen haidLins deatr iluidr riDinIre. of huling lhefas .rchrtrecrhandrinc diiy iErir rf conna(iLj,

rr tr ccMrllr, trol (ros.ned $xrmissc in presuf dnip n I fd moresn ou! consquenr . r {ouli.! rh.n LDcrcN in thelmrqisunce rd deFby rdudion in di.nil pelfom.nft\vh.i a bed excharce is lirai our ot*.i.e to.dr ig iLniDr:nrhLrb.aL se ot rhe rdu.eJ rhrDqhp( due rn

die rmirl r,L,ikrgr ot soy flr tfd'lhr rdrri erf(s or f,Nrtr!

nrLudel. iiitrfd

.rpirJt r\r du. (irrr: tdLr.d .Ysr| trd trfl. {

. LL(nLrr oul !i{sr- quEme \:

. d.inl.Mrle co* lnr tr ilourd. $.mirxr r!h.i. rnd don

Carqories ot ronlins. Thrrc m

P F!!r iuror lnt L h! ( st ar nE) r\:on tu her . trrJtt surr:r.PirJ.kl!.llrrJt rl]r r.u, lrr(olp [rs:usi]cnrld I I0rtdo h! her k{isr surn.e

cn,r.Jtrr /;rrr! rrt dep.siriL)n

.ht\dt alti.nINtr"t tht ft\n ton ot detr\irs b! rr,cmr.rt re.cror io.s 1L! diflek lonnnudrJ

/n.tr'ltr! rhr dhdrr.nl 0rhLorosi!.rt orgrinN h rhr r,!d urrftr

.r//,?rrt ,rr,h lrrrr! rt,c sojjdrricati.i ot r Dm! tiqlrd or Pannutrrcoi\trrLent.rr liqud roludon otr xsuh\oo Led h d l(nnei tudice

In r pdntrirhe dlhmger: d.pendin! upof rhe !tu ion oie ormotu ol rh. 3bor. mods or fo irimay tE erFi L.n(ed

fadon rr'r. arrcl touljng. Thcpnnlipr trimden rhd rfie.r foul

t rk x^ft rl ttt ioti( t"idrrr,d is. *ruh{ rh. 00id f drxi or

:.i^ ,.to.irr HiPh denrninirit.5 I rlps olloulireLlrr,?r4 The rnFnture 01rhe lluirL-roullr lnEda.e n(nlry irlluer* th. desto! olrriotrs mod*of tourlig nre nr.s ol ch. ! rerd'otr mc x srorg ft'.clor of rmpemrur rtrrere sottrbititr, lrlrs Gds*hok solub try dcferfs ui.h iDftrrtrg rmFnue) core od ot so

rulion aM depo{on rhe hed hi!tusurfi.e shcD

.he iihratue tenoruie n saEr {hm $ttrh i r; raiofotrlin! n a hidjon ot .dt!rc*thftre. *hich i'rrears nnor

I n.kri.t o[ onnhdu) onti!r/i.? 16, rh rc!-qhne. !!blline iuclea or. rdiDenrarior. ;nd.he *irkjn! Eddency of deDosn!rhus. oush $.rms ;dd ro r;ur h,mo'? ruaJity than p.lishcd sDfa.er

{her (here ft vmoB mode\ ot Iout_i'u 6 \rll as rvenl tdom rl( dd-nif. de desEe or dr vriour nodAot fo iDs, |rcddi.3 rhe e{3nr orJbtrlii! n exremelr diftculr CoiR_r qlairrule ippmLh rd Lttu" op4t erF.icnrt ror $e sctc.[oi offoulitrs ft siJxnas tor ydiotrr rG.i..s

Ire Tuh!lr Er.h.nger M ur3du.n \.o.i!,nrTFvqr\nd e,FriL ki r'd rJn*s for \Mou_ jem\o!ml in deltkmtr: pM ,d$hs /, rnN \!r4

_hould h!i, n 6.n baed r/iUn rruJ upLn!i\qrb4r' v hsevcr r J,Ldht(O..ign to mlnimir. tou ng

Aldrotrgh n n diitictrh ro dermtnefoulins Bisrmces accmrty, rhdr rcslad quilnatrve s {eli r oM

^rive mla of rhumb rh4 shou bc rolloyed ro mini' k rhe e\ienr orrdlin!.

Fotrtins n ahavJ more nmnoumdd i. derd spa.;s. rn \hdt;d.rube hcar exchm!4. rheE aF deadstr. Dn

'Itr \hdt\id dJra!enl r!rh bJftir

"nd dr* spjle_ rr ,n.Hovevei rhm ,ru odrer rvE. or

b*r erchajlf\ s.h d olr,r ;;n Admnle^

.dd s0i!t h i d.hoser\,n shnh $tre ee no deiLl \Dd.A ind$h!h rhtr for knd tu hli rd lsunrniutuEtl ptr e

',I, Bth.j e\.lhr3!A hdt Lle,en pre !r rndtenp*dure linirarions. Euidted bcdheat Achrt{s rlso miniDiz. foutinS

insid. rube! by rhe \c.du i.riotr ofsn2ll tuugh pdict.s otr lne tube Na11When STtlE. nusr b6 otod

Ar dfcused e,tic, tor eaiertruinr.aice, rhc di&& srcmr shoutdbe tuded rhmugh $e tubes 6e.s4c irtr ssier ni ck', lne insidc rnh $eouride.t rube\ 1ii\ rcdues tuood ns .o! riov$ei if the diit;nr.m n vx.ou\ s weD

^ehki n

trnrally rhe .ase), phcti! n insd.

This inc.Ns lne 6red con l.husLh! o\ei .D r('i

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bc rdipkd r imrm,E bdn, h.bdh (r tr^ drrr flud m ,r: Llt!rubes rd drnr. iluid our dc dr tub.s

use lfgr di'hder lubls, For asiyfli hear erchango se^,ice. I smal t-\rrell d Jmrn:id rhe(rore : che:D.s hc

-chrs.r noue\er. rb: r;sdes olrery smau dia,nere,.ubs artelrcmely diiit.trh b cle,j. coNequunrt,:h.in (?0 nnn) and I rn l]5om) rubs &c comnonly urdsddh'dimerer rub$ t', i.. ert j,h ) nay be u\dd torcle rni.cs.

Mainlrin high retdty. A hirhlcrcry sutprses a1l gDes ot fout.ns Fof.@Lns qarr ad hvJrocrboi q! d\ J fui mh \.1; \ .fl0 nts h s.nedlr rccoomenled.

al.housh I 5 nts is p'rfembte whond,c nunbf of rubr pase\ mNt beLlgh Ioa.hiereihn, a hiahr Dresurc

ll be mc*$ry

AUow\umcitnr hNrFn aor Dn\sun dmp. whenh-\) roltrn!; r,t.,prEd, it voold b risc 6 hi!.strfficLe marsjn {ray t0-]0E, be..rcfl' rhe ruow$k ard crtcuraredvllue! oI p.esoft dmp The idea i: rltrmr (h g('o of(r.ir n d!J:n bruuthpu drn \rh lne m

u* a r"u[ng rjrir $icknr< ;rpioy 3 routjn! qirhe tu a;.oud turotrli',g in rms of qas drcmd rsn.en,y u rrk d,r rou n! re!;..iibJli!li!j-'n''hs\'A"louiis deD.\it buitds ur n *jI Edre th!top }ca od cons.lue.dy i.cE* djcpcstrrc drcp. ri n quic shishlfoFsrd ro 6slar $e rouliq Esn@..'mo

a fouliis taycr thjckras bv oisnb.'u m xppmpride $crnd c;du.lviry ot de dcp6ir. ftis lill usudtyhc i. rhe @se or 0.r nD ro 1.0 nmiMossoph(ric ed rhemal d*i$ softtrTe haE a povhion ror $e irmm..rdon ola foutirshy $i.knd*U*

'ire-ffn nib iNft. wt 6ilube ins( (t-lsurc 3) rft d-ttordb itr.Far hd dNrer ceffciei;nside ruba i. hmina flon Ai i(tdrdbeieir n $ar tuse inens rduce torti!rqelt ni Kof, \ hh uFrrlLl..trdetrg rhn dr! pnr.r.d ruun4epmdo. sd ;rcmde odiar ;;Nrron die tub. {,:ll ro Inc ccnrei The:hrnmc m,ud,m@$ icd rd+{ dmc'en hj rn!tu\ldoNdon bd rlsoniri'ni7d\ rho deposi.ion

.l loulsb due r. ti. dhturbrlcnce wift-fin i.rtu bave bee0dcmonsftten b Fduce tubeside rouln.qdfrnJu!:Jfoln!n}drJ!r\ les inR6n..A Addr oi, ihdi

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