building analogies

7/29/2019 Building Analogies

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Table of contents

Table of contents...................................................................................................................................I

Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1

How to read this document..............................................................................................................1

How to use this document................................................................................................................1

The language....................................................................................................................................1

Updates............................................................................................................................................1

License and disclaimer.........................................................................................................................2

History..................................................................................................................................................3

About the "Building Analogies" drill...................................................................................................4

Relationships....................................................................................................................................4

Verbs............................................................................................................................................5

To be.......................................................................................................................................5

To do/make.............................................................................................................................6

With nouns/objects............................................................................................................6

With verbs..........................................................................................................................6To have...................................................................................................................................7

Prepositions.................................................................................................................................8

Romanian..............................................................................................................................................9

Verb 'to be'........................................................................................................................................9

To be (category)..........................................................................................................................9

Foods - Office Objects - Travel Objects - Animal Cubs......................................................10

Bathroom Objects - Bedroom Objects Beverages - Birds.................................................12

Body Parts Buildings - Car Objects - Characters..............................................................14

Cleaning Objects, Clothing, Colors, Community Items.......................................................16

Computers & Accessories - Dog Breeds - Farm Animals - Fishes.......................................18

Other languages..................................................................................................................................20

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Building Analogies - Introduction

Introduction

The Building Analogies document is a companion of the Teach Me Language book by Sabrina

Freeman and Lorelei Dake and the Companion Exercise Forms book by the same authors. Itcontains several trials for the Building Analogies drill from the above mentioned books.

This document is not meant to replace the original book or the companion book. All it contains are

examples to use in the therapy for speech delays based on Teach Me Language along with a way to

organize the trials in a logical manner.

How to read this document

It is strongly recommended to read the explanatory part of this document (pages 1 - 9) from start to

finish.

The order in which the trials get selected is of lesser importance; simply select the trials that best fityour child in the order you feel is appropriate.

How to use this document

Each trial form is meant to be handed to the child. If the child cannot read, then reading the words

to him or replacing the text with images is equally good.

It is important to ask the child why he's resolved the way he did. This stimulates critical thinking in

the child and it encourages him to express his thoughts.

The language

The language of the explanatory part of the document (pages 1 - 9) is English. The language of the

trials (pages 9 - 20) is Romanian.

We didn't have time to produce an English version of the words but passing the trials through

Google Translate renders good results. We provide an entry in the document as a place for other

languages (see page 20).

If you are interested to contribute with translations in English or other languages, please contact us

via http://mariusfilip.blogspot.com.

Updates

The development of this document is a continuous work. The initial version contains the initial

trials only.

Please check the FILES section of our blog at http://mariusfilip.blogspot.com to download new

versions of this document. The History section at page 3 lists all the successive changes.

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Building Analogies - License and disclaimer

License and disclaimer

You are free to read, use, store and copy for personal use this document at no cost. You may not

distribute the document or parts of it to anyone without explicit permission from the author. Youmay freely disseminate information on how to obtain a copy of this document.

The information in this document has not been reviewed by any specialist in Verbal Behavior,

language pathology, behaviorism or psychology. The authors of the Teach Me Language book did

not endorse our interpretation of their work, neither did they evaluate the suitability of the examples

presented herein.

You may use the information herein AS IS, with no warranty expressed or implied. The author of

this document makes no claim of suitability of this information for any purpose and no damage or

loss resulted from the usage of this information may be imputed to him.

Any collision of name, terms, titles or meaning with trademarked elements or works protected by

copyright is purely incidental and may not be interpreted as trademark or copyright infringement in

any way.

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Building Analogies - History

History

05/08/10 Document created.

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Building Analogies - About the "Building Analogies" drill

About the "Building Analogies" drill

The Building Analogies drill of the Teach Me Language book is meant to develop critical thinking

in children with speech delays by teaching them that there are similar relationships among objects.

Relationships

Relationships form the basis of this drill and each relationship has a verb at its root. For example:

The relationship banana yellow, tomato red, cucumber green has

at its core the verb has the color.

The relationship horse grass, fox chicken, hen corn has at its core

the verb eats.

The relationship fish water, bear woods, dog backyard has at itscore the verb lives in.

The relationship bird - air, fish water, deer meadow has at its core

the verb does (its main activity) in.

The natural way to look at analogy relationships is to see what verb represents them best. In other

words, we can classify analogy relationships based on their core verbs.

If the child has difficulties with prepositions when formulating sintactically correct sentences, then

prepositions must be treated separately, too (see Prepositions at page 8).

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Verbs

Not every verb that a child knows is elligible to represent an analogy relationship but many do: to

eat (horse grass, hen corn), to help (doctor patient, teacher

student), to push (finger button, foot pedal), to live (fish water,

bear woods).

Three verbs require a context so they require special attention: to be, to do/make and to

have.

To be

The verb to be is too complex to be considered a single representative for analogy relationships

since it's part of many compounds:

is a (category), for example horse domestic animal, wolf wildanimal, tomato - vegetable, math science.

is a (unary attribute), for example lemon yellow, elephant

big, mouse tiny.

is a (binary attribute), for example France Germany, Greece

Albania, United States Mexico ('are neighbors') orhen horse, bear

fox, TV computer, socks gloves ('are same category').

is a (past participle) is a special kind of binary attribute representing the reverse

of another relationship. For example, is eaten by is the reverse ofeats.

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To do/make

This verb has two main incarnations: to do/make something (noun) orto do/make

something (verb). The second instance is particularly difficult because it implies a semantic

redirection from one verb to another.

With nouns/objects

In the case ofto do/make something (noun) it may be necessary to group the nouns or

objects by their class, as in the following examples:

sheep wool, cow milk, pig ham (the class is 'things useful to humans').

sheep baa, dog bow-wow, monkey oo-oo-ah-ah (the class is

'sound').

Ford truck, Boeing plane, Kawasaki motorcycle (the class is

'vehicles').

Dell computers, Toshiba VCR, Bose speakers, Nintendo

game station (the class is 'electronics').

Such grouping should occur only if the child has difficulties with grasping the relationship,

otherwise splitting the nouns/objects by category is not required.

With verbs

Much more tricky is to do/make something (verb) because the indirect semantics isharder to grasp, as shown in the following examples:

bird - air, fish water, deer meadow is a to do/make

something (verb) relationship, the verbs being fly, swim, run.

mechanic car, policeman alarm, doctor patient is a to

do/make something (verb) relationship, the verbs being repair, turn on,

cure.

To complicate the things further, when explaining the reasons for choosing an analogy, the child

cannot use 'does (verb)' but 'verb'.

For example:

The teacher asks: "why does mechanic go with car, policeman with alarm and

doctor with patient?".

The student answers: "because the mechanic repairs the car, the policeman turns the alarm

on and the doctor cures the patient" although a verbatim expression of the relationship

would be "the mechanic does repairon the car", etc.

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To have

This verb denotes ownership between an entity and another object or a quality (attribute).

In the case ofto have (object), the set of owned objects may be split by categories. For

example, a man has parents (category 'people'), teeth (category 'body parts'), a home (category'places') as well as wishes (category 'emotions'). Depending on how confortable does the student

feel with maneuvering the set of owned objects, splitting them by category is an option.

The case of to have (attribute), is very similar with the case of is a (unary

attribute) since most unary attributes may be thought of in both terms (see page 5). Splitting

the set of unary attributes is an option that this document considers (see page ).

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Prepositions

Some verbs require or use prepositions: stay at, stay on, stay under. If the child has difficulties with

finding the right prepositon when expressing the relationship, then the prepositions need to be taken

in account.

As of today (05/08/10) this document does not take into account prepositions although this may

change in the future.

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Building Analogies - Romanian

Romanian

This chapter contains the sheets for Romanian form of the trials. For trials in other languages, see

chapterOther languages at page 20.This chapter contains analogy replationships by verb (see page 5). We do not provide distinction by

preposition (see page 8).

Verb 'to be'

This section deals with the trials derived from the verb 'a fi' ('to be').

To be (category)

This section deals with the relationship between entities and their categories (grouped by four):

Foods, Office Objects, Travel Objects, Animal Cubs

Bathroom Objects, Bedroom Objects, Beverages, Birds

Body Parts, Buildings, Car Objects, Characters

Cleaning Objects, Clothing, Colors, Community Items

Computers & Accessories, Dog Breeds, Farm Animals, Fishes

Flowers, Footware, Fruits, Furniture

Household Objects, Ingredients, Insects, Instruments

Kitchen Objects, Letters, Living Room Objects, Materials

Moments of the Day, Monkeys, Nature, Occupations

Outer Space Items, People, Personal Objects, Pets

Places, Plant Parts, Reptiles, Rooms

Sea Creatures, Seasons, Shapes, Sport Grounds

Sport Objects, Sports, Stationery Objects, Structures

Tools, Toys, Vegetables, Vehicles

Weather, Wild Animals, Bird Body Parts, Trees.

For each group of four categories we give a single set of four correspondences. Create new sets as

needed.

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Foods - Office Objects - Travel Objects - Animal Cubs

HAMBURGHER MNCARE

CRUCIOR DE BAGAJE OBIECTE DIN BIROU

CLIMAROBIECTE DECLTORIE

MIEL PUI DE ANIMALE

MNCARE

OBIECTE DIN BIROU

OBIECTE DE

CLTORIEPUI DE ANIMALE

MNCARE

OBIECTE DIN BIROU

OBIECTE DECLTORIE

PUI DE ANIMALE

MNCARE

OBIECTE DIN BIROU

OBIECTE DECLTORIE

PUI DE ANIMALE

MNCARE

OBIECTE DIN BIROUOBIECTE DECLTORIE

PUI DE ANIMALE

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MNCARE

OBIECTE DIN BIROU

OBIECTE DE

CLTORIE

PUI DE ANIMALE

MNCARE

OBIECTE DIN BIROU

OBIECTE DECLTORIE

PUI DE ANIMALE

MNCARE

OBIECTE DIN BIROU

OBIECTE DECLTORIE

PUI DE ANIMALE

MNCARE

OBIECTE DIN BIROU

OBIECTE DECLTORIE

PUI DE ANIMALE

MNCARE

OBIECTE DIN BIROU

OBIECTE DE

CLTORIE

PUI DE ANIMALE

MNCARE

OBIECTE DIN BIROU

OBIECTE DECLTORIE

PUI DE ANIMALE

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Bathroom Objects - Bedroom Objects Beverages - Birds

ROBINET OBIECTE DIN BAIE

CEAI OBIECTE DINDORMITOR

COCO BUTURI

CNTAR PSRI

OBIECTE DIN BAIE

OBIECTE DINDORMITOR

BUTURIPSRI

OBIECTE DIN BAIE

OBIECTE DINDORMITOR

BUTURI

PSRI

OBIECTE DIN BAIE

OBIECTE DINDORMITOR

BUTURI

PSRI

OBIECTE DIN BAIE

OBIECTE DINDORMITOR

BUTURI

PSRI

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OBIECTE DIN BAIE

OBIECTE DINDORMITOR

BUTURI

PSRI

OBIECTE DIN BAIE

OBIECTE DINDORMITOR

BUTURI

PSRI

OBIECTE DIN BAIE

OBIECTE DINDORMITOR

BUTURI

PSRI

OBIECTE DIN BAIE

OBIECTE DINDORMITOR

BUTURI

PSRI

OBIECTE DIN BAIE

OBIECTE DINDORMITOR

BUTURI

PSRI

OBIECTE DIN BAIE

OBIECTE DINDORMITOR

BUTURI

PSRI

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PRI ALE CORPULUI

CLDIRI

OBIECTE DIN MAIN

PERSONAJE

PRI ALE CORPULUI

CLDIRI

OBIECTE DIN MAIN

PERSONAJE

PRI ALE CORPULUI

CLDIRI

OBIECTE DIN MAIN

PERSONAJE

PRI ALE CORPULUI

CLDIRI

OBIECTE DIN MAIN

PERSONAJE

PRI ALE CORPULUI

CLDIRI

OBIECTE DIN MAIN

PERSONAJE

PRI ALE CORPULUI

CLDIRI

OBIECTE DIN MAIN

PERSONAJE

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Cleaning Objects, Clothing, Colors, Community Items

MARO OBIECTE DE CURAT

APC MBRCMINTE

TOALET PUBLIC CULORI

CIMEAOBIECTE DINCOMUNITATE

OBIECTE DE CURAT

MBRCMINTE

CULORI

OBIECTE DINCOMUNITATE

OBIECTE DE CURAT

MBRCMINTE

CULORI


OBIECTE DE CURAT

MBRCMINTE

CULORI


OBIECTE DE CURAT

MBRCMINTECULORI


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OBIECTE DE CURAT

MBRCMINTE

CULORI


OBIECTE DE CURAT

MBRCMINTE

CULORI


OBIECTE DE CURAT

MBRCMINTE

CULORI


OBIECTE DE CURAT

MBRCMINTE

CULORI


OBIECTE DE CURAT

MBRCMINTE

CULORI


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Computers & Accessories - Dog Breeds - Farm Animals - Fishes

TERIERCALCULATOARE I

ACCESORII

STIV DE CDuri RASE DE CINI

OAIEANIMALE DE LA

FERM

PISIC DE MARE PETI

CALCULATOARE IACCESORII

RASE DE CINI

ANIMALE DE LAFERM

PETI


RASE DE CINI

ANIMALE DE LA

FERM

PETI


RASE DE CINI

ANIMALE DE LAFERM

PETI


RASE DE CINI

ANIMALE DE LAFERM

PETI

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RASE DE CINI

ANIMALE DE LAFERM

PETI


RASE DE CINI

ANIMALE DE LAFERM

PETI


RASE DE CINI

ANIMALE DE LAFERM

PETI


RASE DE CINI

ANIMALE DE LAFERM

PETI


RASE DE CINI

ANIMALE DE LAFERM

PETI

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Building Analogies - Other languages

Other languages

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building analogies

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