building speeches (6 steps)

8/3/2019 Building Speeches (6 Steps)

1/16

Building

SpeechesCommunicationClass


2/16

6-step Speech Building Kit

Determine the generalpurpose of your speech

Analyze your audienceand occasion

Select and narrow yoursubject

Gather materialOutline your speechPractice the presentation


3/16

Determine the general purpose

of your speech To inform: to make your audience understand an

idea. (The Earl of Sandwich; The history of peanutbutter & jelly sandwiches; Sandwich, the village in

Kent, south-eastern England)

To demonstrate: to show and/or tell how todo something. (How to make a peanutbutter & jelly sandwich; How to brush andfloss your teeth*)

To persuade: to change or intensify your audiencesbeliefs or actions. (Peanut butter & jelly sandwich arethe best sandwich possible; Why you should make apeanut butter & jelly sandwich for your teacher)

*after eating a peanut butter & jelly sandwich


4/16

Analyze your

audience/occasion You can then custom-make your speech for a

particular group. Consider your audiences Age Sex Education Jobs Roles Interests Attitudes Relationship to you

Also, keep in mind the occasion for the speechand its purpose. Serious/Formal? Informal?


5/16

This is where you decide what specifically you will talkaboutyour specific purpose. Several factors shoulddetermine your choice. Select a subject that you

A. know something about and interests you.B. can interest your audience in.C. can discuss adequately in the time allotted.

Most students choose too broad a topic for the speechtime limits. For example, if your speech is to be 2-3 minutes,

you cannot adequately discuss Animals. That topic is toobroad for a 3-minute talk. Limit your subject. Dogs? Still toobroad. What can you discuss in 3 minutes about dogs?

How to bathe a dog properly Teaching a dog 3 basic commands My dog Rover Training your dog to hunt

Select and narrow your subj

ect

OWW!


6/16

Gather materials

While the library and Internet arethe obvious storehouses forresearch, there are other avenuesyou need to pursue: First, look at yourself. What do you already know

about the topic? Use that information. What are thegaps in your knowledge?

Observeyour topic in the wild. If you are talkingabout split-level houses, do some first-handobservation on these homes.

Conversewith authorities. Discuss the split-level housewith a person who lives in one, with a real estateagent who sells them, or a construction worker whobuilds them.

Readall types of literature about your subject.Newspapers, encyclopedias, magazines, pamphlets,credible Internet sites, and books may be source

material.


7/16

Outline your speech

I. IntroductionII. BodyIII. Conclusion


8/16

Outline your speech

I. Introduction (in complete sentences)A. Make an Attention-gettingstatement, question, story,

etc.B. Communicate the topic and the purpose: Today, I am

going to inform/convince you about/toC. Motivate your audience. WHY should they listen to you?

You should be interested because OR just make the

statement.D. Finally, Previewwhat is going to be discussed (your body

points). Today, I am going to talk about1. [POINT 1]2. [POINT 2]


9/16

Outline your speech

Startling statement: presents information whichsurprises the audience.

Ex:Jessie is a normal three-year-old childexcept for one thingshe is a victim of childabuse. She has been hospitalized with

broken bones four times in her young life.

Rhetorical question: requires no answer from theaudience; challenges the audience to think. Itshould not be able to be answered with a yesor no.

Ex: What do Albert Einstein, Nelson

Rockefeller, Cher, and Tom Cruise have incommon? [pause] They all have overcomedyslexia, a learning disability that interfereswith the ability to read.

Humor: a joke of funny statement that serves torelax the audience (and the speaker); shouldrelate to the topic.

Ex: What ten-letter word starts with Gas?

[Automobile]And this year we may runshort again.

Quotation: statement from a famous personregarding the audience that will help interestthe audience.

Ex:Abraham Lincoln once said You canfool all the people some of the time; you

can even fool some people all of the time;

but you cant fool all the people all of thetime. We can no longer be fooled by thenewspapers in this city.

Story: involves the audience in the topic.

Ex:Many years ago, a stranger arrived in

our town. He wore ragged clothes andcarried

Example: gives a vivid picture of the topic.

Ex:Anna Graves, age 4, died from a

gunshot would to the chest. Her killer wasshocked and heartbroken. He was hersix-year-old brother who found aloaded gun

Attention-Getters


10/16

Outline your speech



11/16

Outline your speech

II. BodyA. First main point

1. Give supporting details2. More details3. Even more details

B. Second main point1. Give details

a. Moreb. More

2. Further detailinga. More

i. Even Moreii. Even More

b. More

I.A.

1.a.

i.ii.

b.

2.

B.II.

Mr.Webbsfavorite


12/16

Outline your speech



13/16

Outline your speech

III. Conclusion (in completesentences)

A. Review the main points/divisions. I have just

covered:A. [POINT 1]B. [POINT 2]

B. Retell the Purpose and theTopic. I have just informed/convinced you about/to

C. Make a Closing statement,question, quotation, etc. Use aZinger that relates to yourtopic / introduction / some bitof info given in the body of your

speech

I. Introduction (in completesentences)

A. Make an Attention-gettingstatement,question, story, etc.

B. Communicate the topic andthe purpose: Today, I amgoing to inform/convince you

about/to

C. Motivate your audience.WHY should they listen toyou? You should beinterested because OR just

make the statement.

D.

Finally, Previewwhat isgoing to be discussed (your

body points). Today, I amgoing to talk about

1. [POINT 1]2. [POINT 2]


14/16

Practice the presentation

Memorize the speech well enough that you dont have to thinkabout it anymore.

Practice out loud In front of mirror / iPad with outline, then without outline In front of a friend or family member or classmate


15/16


Verbal delivery Articulate clearly Use correct pronunciationif you dont know how to

pronounce a word, ask, learn how, and make sureyou have it right.

Watch your speaking pacetalk conversationally, atthe correct speed, and use deliberate pauses Gain and keep our interest with yourenergy Vary yourpitch and volume effectively

Non-verbals Stand up straight, both feet on the floor, without rocking

back and forth, hands out of the pockets but dont lockyour knees!

Make eye contact with yourentire audience (not onlythe teacher or your notecard)

Uses effective gestures


16/16


Emphatic gestures: helpsthe speaker stress what s/heis saying (usually inpersuasive speaking) Making a fist Raising one hand with thepalm up Pointing with the index finger

to the audience when sayingsomething such as Its yourresponsibility

Locative gestures: directthe listeners attention tosome places, object, orperson

Transitional gestures: showsthat you are moving fromone part of your speech toanother. Using your fingers to

enumerate points

Moving both hands, withpalms facing each other,from one side to the other

Descriptive gestures: moveshands and arms to drawpictures in the air.

Indicate size of an object General shape of something

Use platform movement: Occasionally change positionsmove on thediagonal, not directionally on a forward/backward or side-to-side axis.

(This is especially appropriate when a speaker is making a major transitionin thought or when audience attention seems to be faltering.)

Effective Gestures

building speeches (6 steps)

Documents