Meiosis and Genetic Basics

By: Diane Ahumada and Maria Garcia

Review

reduce the normal diploid to haploid cells, called gametes. In humans, these special haploid cells resulting from meiosis are eggs (female) or sperm (male).

Purpose

Basic Sexual Reproduction● Basic Sexual Reproduction is the formation of a new individual following the union of two gametes. In humans and the majority of other eukaryotes — plants as well as animals — the two gametes

What are Gametes?

● A reproductive cell or sex cell that contains the haploid set of chromosomeso The Male reproduction are sperm cell (Daughter cell)

and Spermatozoon(Parent cell)o The Female reproduction are eggs cell (Daughter cell)

and Ovum (Daughter cell)

What is genotype and phenotype• Genotype is is the genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an

individual usually with reference to a specific characteristic under consideration.

• Phenotype is of an organism depends on which genes are dominant and on the interaction between genes and environment.

What are traits?• Traits are characteristic you are passed from your parents • Depending whether they are dominant • Some of the traits included attach • earlobes, eye colors, freckles

AlleleOne of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Dominant (+):An allele or a gene that is expressed in an organism’s phenotype, masking the effect of the recessive allele or gene when present.

Recessive (-):Of, or pertaining to, a gene (or allele) whose phenotypic expression is masked by a dominant gene (or allele).