ByBy

Prof. Lydia AyersProf. Lydia Ayers

FormFormFormForm• the shell or mold that holds the the shell or mold that holds the

details of musicdetails of music• gives musicgives music

• shapeshape• structurestructure• organizationorganization• coherencecoherence

• the organization of musical elements the organization of musical elements in timein time

What Creates Form?What Creates Form?What Creates Form?What Creates Form?• repetitionrepetition

• we get pleasure in recognizing somethingwe get pleasure in recognizing something

• determined by similarity and contrastdetermined by similarity and contrast• contrastcontrast

• gives forward motion, conflict and changegives forward motion, conflict and change• opposition propels and develops musical opposition propels and develops musical

ideasideas

• variationvariation• some features used againsome features used again• other features changedother features changed

Binary FormBinary FormBinary FormBinary Form• composition divided into two large composition divided into two large

sectionssections• A: A: statementstatement• B: B: counterstatementcounterstatement

• can repeat either or both of the sectionscan repeat either or both of the sections• a typical binary harmonic plan:a typical binary harmonic plan:

A Cadence

I V

B Cadence

V I

FormFormFormForm• GigueGigue:: A type of happy dance often A type of happy dance often

performed by musicians who've just performed by musicians who've just landed a landed a giggig (slang term for a job or (slang term for a job or performance).performance).

• David Barber, David Barber, Tenors, Tantrums and TrillsTenors, Tantrums and Trills

Cold Chisel gig

Binary FormBinary FormBinary FormBinary Form• A A B BA A B B

• [ewmii:58][ewmii:58] Elizabeth Jacquet de la Guerre: Elizabeth Jacquet de la Guerre: "Suite No. 1, 2nd Gigue" from "Suite No. 1, 2nd Gigue" from Pièces de Pièces de ClavecinClavecin

• 0:000:00 AA

lilting, disjunct theme in D Minor, 4-measure phraseslilting, disjunct theme in D Minor, 4-measure phrases

with some embellishments; ends in A majorwith some embellishments; ends in A major

0:360:36 A repeatedA repeated

Binary FormBinary FormBinary FormBinary Form• Jacquet de la Guerre: "Suite No. 1, 2nd Jacquet de la Guerre: "Suite No. 1, 2nd

Gigue" from Gigue" from Pièces de ClavecinPièces de Clavecin• 1:121:12 BB

more conjunct line, highly ornamentedmore conjunct line, highly ornamented

longer than A section; finally returns to D minorlonger than A section; finally returns to D minor

2:092:09 B repeatedB repeated

Ternary FormTernary FormTernary FormTernary Form• composition divided into three large composition divided into three large

sectionssections• A: A: statementstatement• B: B: contrastcontrast• A: A: returnreturn

• the B material often presents a strong the B material often presents a strong contrast to the A materialcontrast to the A material

• the final section is often nearly the same the final section is often nearly the same as the opening sectionas the opening section

Ternary FormTernary FormTernary FormTernary Form

• can repeat any or all of the sectionscan repeat any or all of the sections• sections can be subdivided:sections can be subdivided:

A

a b aB

c d cA

a b a

Ternary FormTernary FormTernary FormTernary Form• the A section usually ends on the tonicthe A section usually ends on the tonic• the B section is usually in a different key the B section is usually in a different key

from the A section, and it usually begins from the A section, and it usually begins and ends in that keyand ends in that key

• the B section usually ends with a strong the B section usually ends with a strong cadencecadence

• a typical ternary harmonic plan:a typical ternary harmonic plan:

A Cadence

I I

A Cadence

I I

B Cadence

V V

Ternary FormTernary FormTernary FormTernary Form• A B B AA B B A

• <ewm2:34><ewm2:34> Schumann: "An Important Event" Schumann: "An Important Event" (No. 6) from (No. 6) from Kinderscenen,Kinderscenen, op. 15 op. 15

Aa a

B

FormFormFormForm

• [MAPs2000-12][MAPs2000-12] Amazing Grace (1:05)Amazing Grace (1:05)

a

a"

b

a'

Dramatic ShapeDramatic ShapeDramatic ShapeDramatic Shape• the psychological or emotional contour the psychological or emotional contour

of the workof the work

time

moresuccessfulcontours

climax =dramatic peak

inte

ns

ity

OR

ppp

fff

lesssuccessfulcontour

time

inte

ns

ity

ppp

fff

for taking the course!for taking the course!http://www.salisburygreenhouse.com/Contact%20Us.htmhttp://www.salisburygreenhouse.com/Contact%20Us.htm

for taking the course!for taking the course!http://www.salisburygreenhouse.com/Contact%20Us.htmhttp://www.salisburygreenhouse.com/Contact%20Us.htm