Cell growth, Division and Reproduction

Cell Division

• Produces 2 daughter cell• Asexual Reproduction – produces genetically

identical offspring from a single parent.– Binary fission in prokaryotic cells– Mitosis in eukaryotic cells

• Sexual Reproduction – offspring produced by reproductive cells of 2 parents.– Meiosis – inherit genetic information from each

parent

Chromosomes

Binary Fission

Cell Cycle – Eukaryote

Mitosis

• Division of the nucleus• Asexual reproduction• Body cells – somatic cells• 4 phases– Prophase– Metaphase– Anaphase– Telophase

Interphase

• Growth, DNA synthesis• Prep for Mitosis• Chromatin material,

no chromosomes

Prophase

• Longest phase• Genetic material condenses• Chromosomes visible• Nuclear envelope disappears• Spindles forming

Metaphase

• Centromeres of chromosome line up across center of cell

• Spindle fibers connect centromere of chromosome to 2 poles of cell

Anaphase

• Sister chromatids separate and begin to move apart. Each chromatid is not considered a chromosome.

Telophase

• Chromosomes uncoil , nuclear envelope reappears, spindle begins to break apart, nucleolus visible.

• Cell division complete

Cytokinesis

• All that is left is to split the cytoplasm, usually occurs same time as telophase.

• Cell is split into 2• Animal cell has actin filament that draws in

membrane, plant cell produces cell plate