Cells and HeredityCells and Heredity

Chapter 1Chapter 1

““The Cell”The Cell”

Bell Work 8/16/10Bell Work 8/16/10Please get our your signed syllabus sheetPlease get our your signed syllabus sheet

Please get a peach bell work sheet and Please get a peach bell work sheet and begin answering the following begin answering the following questions in complete sentencesquestions in complete sentences

1.1. What is your favorite science topic?What is your favorite science topic?

2.2. What is the best experiment you’ve What is the best experiment you’ve ever performed? Explain the ever performed? Explain the experiment and the resultsexperiment and the results

Bell Work Bell Work 8/17/108/17/10Please answer these questions on your Please answer these questions on your

peach bell work sheet. Please use peach bell work sheet. Please use complete sentences.complete sentences.

1.1. Is a cactus alive?Is a cactus alive?

2.2. Is a seed alive?Is a seed alive?

3.3. Is the air we breathe alive?Is the air we breathe alive?

4.4. Explain what you think it means for Explain what you think it means for something to be alive.something to be alive.

Lab SafetyLab Safety

For this lab you will need to…For this lab you will need to…

1. Wear goggles at all times.1. Wear goggles at all times.

2. Stay away from the flame.2. Stay away from the flame.

3. Listen for teacher’s 3. Listen for teacher’s instructions.instructions.

Candle Activity 8/17/10Candle Activity 8/17/10ProcedureProcedure1.1. Carefully light one candle.Carefully light one candle.2.2. Sit quietly and observe the candle.Sit quietly and observe the candle.3.3. Make these observations in the lab Make these observations in the lab

section of your science journalsection of your science journal What does the flame do?What does the flame do? What happens to the wax?What happens to the wax?

4.4. Discuss these questions with your group Discuss these questions with your group and record the answers in your science and record the answers in your science journaljournal

How does the candle seem alive?How does the candle seem alive? How do you know for sure that it is not?How do you know for sure that it is not?

Cells 1.1 VocabCells 1.1 VocabMake a T chart in the Notes part of your Make a T chart in the Notes part of your

science journalscience journal OrganismOrganism (p.9) – Any individual form of life (p.9) – Any individual form of life

that is capable of growing and reproducing. that is capable of growing and reproducing. UnicellularUnicellular (p.11) – An organism that is (p.11) – An organism that is

made up of a single cell.made up of a single cell. Multicellular (p.11) – An organism that is

made up of many (more than one) cells. Microscope (p.12) – An instrument that

makes an object appear larger than it is. Bacteria (p.14) – A large group of one-celled

organisms that sometimes cause disease.

Homework 8/17/10Homework 8/17/10

Make a list of at least 3 living things Make a list of at least 3 living things and 3 non-living things that you find and 3 non-living things that you find in your house.in your house.

List how you know that each item is List how you know that each item is living or non-livingliving or non-living

Class AssignmentClass Assignment

Read pages 9-15 with your partner.Read pages 9-15 with your partner. Write down 3 things that you learned Write down 3 things that you learned

from the reading in the notes section from the reading in the notes section of your journal.of your journal.

Bell Work 8/18/10Bell Work 8/18/10

1.1. Why do you think the Why do you think the invention of the microscope invention of the microscope was important? (pg 12)was important? (pg 12)

2.2. What do scientists mean What do scientists mean when they say that life when they say that life comes from life? (pg 13)comes from life? (pg 13)

Characteristics of Characteristics of LifeLife

1.1. OrganizationOrganization

2.2. The ability to develop and The ability to develop and growgrow

3.3. The ability to respond to the The ability to respond to the environmentenvironment

4.4. The ability to reproduceThe ability to reproduce

The CellThe Cell

All living things are made of cells.All living things are made of cells. The cell is the smallest unit of a The cell is the smallest unit of a

living thing.living thing. The cell is the basic unit of function The cell is the basic unit of function

in an organism.in an organism.

What activities that plants and animals What activities that plants and animals do are carried out by cells?do are carried out by cells?

The Cell TheoryThe Cell Theory

1.1. Every living thing is made of one or Every living thing is made of one or more cells.more cells.

2.2. Cells carry out the functions needed Cells carry out the functions needed to support life.to support life.

3.3. Cells come only from other living Cells come only from other living cells.cells.

Peach LabPeach Lab

P. 15 Louis Pasteur’s experimentP. 15 Louis Pasteur’s experiment Bacteria and Spontaneous Bacteria and Spontaneous

GenerationGeneration Explain peach labExplain peach lab Explain Lab Write Up procedureExplain Lab Write Up procedure

Bell Work 8/19/10Bell Work 8/19/10

Explain the Explain the characteristics that characteristics that confirm that an Oak confirm that an Oak Tree is living.Tree is living.

Bell Work 8/20/10Bell Work 8/20/10Fill in the blanks (you only have to write the answer)Fill in the blanks (you only have to write the answer)

1.1. ____ confirmed the cell theory by proving that ____ confirmed the cell theory by proving that the theory of spontaneous generation was the theory of spontaneous generation was wrong.wrong.

2.2. When an organism is made up of only one cell, it When an organism is made up of only one cell, it is called a(n) _____ organism.is called a(n) _____ organism.

3.3. Hooke used a(n) ______ to observe cells from the Hooke used a(n) ______ to observe cells from the bark of an oak tree.bark of an oak tree.

4.4. An individual living thing that carries out the An individual living thing that carries out the activities of life is called a(n) _____activities of life is called a(n) _____

5.5. The smallest unit that is able to perform the The smallest unit that is able to perform the basic activities of life is a(n) ______.basic activities of life is a(n) ______.

6.6. A frog is a(n) _____ organism.A frog is a(n) _____ organism.

Bell Work 8/23/10Bell Work 8/23/10

Please write complete sentences.Please write complete sentences.

1.1. What is the role of the cell What is the role of the cell membrane?membrane?

2.2. Give 3 examples of Give 3 examples of multicellular organisms.multicellular organisms.

Vocab 1.2Vocab 1.2

Cell membrane (p.20) – a protective Cell membrane (p.20) – a protective covering enclosing an entire cell. covering enclosing an entire cell. A layer that controls what enters or A layer that controls what enters or

leaves the cell.leaves the cell. Cytoplasm (p.20) – A thick, gelatin-Cytoplasm (p.20) – A thick, gelatin-

like material contained within the cell like material contained within the cell membrane. membrane. Most of the work of the cell is carried out Most of the work of the cell is carried out

here.here.

Eukaryotic cell (p.20) – a cell in which the Eukaryotic cell (p.20) – a cell in which the genetic material is enclosed within a genetic material is enclosed within a nucleus, surrounded by its own nucleus, surrounded by its own membrane. (most multicellular organisms)membrane. (most multicellular organisms)

Nucleus (p.20) – The structure in a Nucleus (p.20) – The structure in a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material a cell needs to reproduce and material a cell needs to reproduce and function.function.

Organelle (p.20) – A structure in a cell that Organelle (p.20) – A structure in a cell that is enclosed by a membrane and that is enclosed by a membrane and that performs a particular function.performs a particular function.

Prokaryotic cell (p.20) – A cell without a Prokaryotic cell (p.20) – A cell without a nucleus and without organelles. Genetic nucleus and without organelles. Genetic material is in the cytoplasm. (most material is in the cytoplasm. (most unicellular organisms)unicellular organisms)

Cell wall (p.21) – Only plant cells Cell wall (p.21) – Only plant cells have these. A tough outer covering have these. A tough outer covering that lies outside the cell membrane.that lies outside the cell membrane.

Chloroplast (p.23) – An organelle in a Chloroplast (p.23) – An organelle in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll, a plant cell that contains chlorophyll, a chemical that uses the energy from chemical that uses the energy from sunlight to make sugar. sunlight to make sugar.

Mitochondria (p.23) – Organelles that Mitochondria (p.23) – Organelles that release energy by using oxygen to release energy by using oxygen to break down sugars. Found in plant break down sugars. Found in plant and animal eukaryotic cells.and animal eukaryotic cells.

Bell Work 8/24/10Bell Work 8/24/10Match the definition to the correct term. Match the definition to the correct term.

Please Please write the term and the definitionwrite the term and the definition on your bell work sheet. When finished on your bell work sheet. When finished please begin working on your cell please begin working on your cell coloring sheet.coloring sheet.

1.1. A cell with no nucleusA cell with no nucleus2.2. A cell with a cell wall and a nucleusA cell with a cell wall and a nucleus3.3. A device for viewing microorganismsA device for viewing microorganisms

a. eukaryotica. eukaryoticb. prokaryoticb. prokaryoticc. microscopec. microscoped. telescoped. telescopee. plant celle. plant cell

Bell Work 8/25/10Bell Work 8/25/10 Please have out your cell coloring Please have out your cell coloring

sheetsheet

While working on the bell work please While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (observe the peaches (no more than 3no more than 3 people at a peach)people at a peach)

Bell work questionBell work question – list three – list three structures found in plant cells that are structures found in plant cells that are not in animal cells. Tell why each is not in animal cells. Tell why each is not necessary in animal cellsnot necessary in animal cells

Section 1.3 NotesSection 1.3 Notes

Organisms are classified by their cell Organisms are classified by their cell typetype

Most of the organisms alive on Earth Most of the organisms alive on Earth today are made of single cellstoday are made of single cells

3 domains for living things that are based 3 domains for living things that are based on characteristics of their cells.on characteristics of their cells. Archea – organisms that can live in extreme Archea – organisms that can live in extreme

environmentsenvironments Bacteria – can also live in extreme Bacteria – can also live in extreme

environments and can multiply quicklyenvironments and can multiply quickly Eukarya – includes plants, animals, and fungiEukarya – includes plants, animals, and fungi

ProkaryotesProkaryotes unicellular organisms with prokaryotic cellsunicellular organisms with prokaryotic cells Cytoplasm contain ribosomes but no Cytoplasm contain ribosomes but no

organellesorganelles Structure is simpleStructure is simple Have a tough cell wall that protects the Have a tough cell wall that protects the

organismorganism EukaryotesEukaryotes

Cells with a nucleusCells with a nucleus Includes almost all multi-cellular organismsIncludes almost all multi-cellular organisms Also includes unicellular organisms called Also includes unicellular organisms called

protistsprotists Cells are complex in structure and larger Cells are complex in structure and larger

than the cells of prokaryotesthan the cells of prokaryotes

Cells in multicellular organisms specializeCells in multicellular organisms specialize

SpecializationSpecialization – Specific cells that – Specific cells that perform specific functions.perform specific functions.

Different types of cells have different Different types of cells have different jobsjobs Example – most animals have blood Example – most animals have blood

cells, nerve cells, and muscle cellscells, nerve cells, and muscle cells Example – plants have cells that Example – plants have cells that

function in photosynthesis, cells that function in photosynthesis, cells that draw water from soil, and cells that draw water from soil, and cells that function to support the plant’s weight.function to support the plant’s weight.

Tissue – group of similar cells that are – group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific joborganized to do a specific job Ex. skin tissue – provides protection and Ex. skin tissue – provides protection and

support for a humansupport for a human Ex. Leaf tissue – provide protection and Ex. Leaf tissue – provide protection and

support for a plantsupport for a plant OrganOrgan – a structure in an organism – a structure in an organism

that is made up of different tissues that is made up of different tissues working together to perform a working together to perform a particular function. particular function. Ex. Eye – allows sightEx. Eye – allows sight Ex. Leaf – provides a plant with energy Ex. Leaf – provides a plant with energy

and materialsand materials

5 levels of organization5 levels of organizationLevelLevel NameName Animal Animal

ExampleExamplePlant ExamplePlant Example

11

22

33

44

55

Bell Work 8/26/10Bell Work 8/26/10 Good Morning – Please do not touch Good Morning – Please do not touch

any of the lab equipment!any of the lab equipment!

While working on the bell work While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (please observe the peaches (no no more than 3more than 3 people at a peach) people at a peach)

Bell work questionBell work question – Complete the – Complete the Venn diagram from your notes Venn diagram from your notes yesterday. On your bell work sheet yesterday. On your bell work sheet write “in notes” for todaywrite “in notes” for today

Bell Work 8/26/10Bell Work 8/26/10 While working on the bell work While working on the bell work

please observe the peaches (please observe the peaches (no no more than 3more than 3 people at a peach) people at a peach)

Bell work questionBell work question – List the five – List the five levels of organization and give an levels of organization and give an example for each for a monkeyexample for each for a monkey

Bell Work 8/27/10Bell Work 8/27/10 While working on the bell work While working on the bell work

please observe the peaches (please observe the peaches (no no more than 3more than 3 people at a peach) people at a peach)

Bell work question Bell work question (answer in (answer in at least 2 complete sentences)at least 2 complete sentences) – – How is a model similar to the real How is a model similar to the real object it represents? How is it object it represents? How is it different? different?

(see pg 32 if you are having difficulties)(see pg 32 if you are having difficulties)

Bell Work 9-8-09Bell Work 9-8-09Please collect your Science Journal from the Please collect your Science Journal from the

center table and complete the following center table and complete the following questions on a new page under the bell questions on a new page under the bell work section.work section.

1.1. What is the function of What is the function of chloroplastchloroplast??

2.2. What is the function of What is the function of mitochondriamitochondria??

3.3. What is the function of What is the function of cytoplasmcytoplasm??