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Cellular of the Internet of

Things

Mérouane Debbah

Mathematical and Algorithmic Sciences Lab, Huawei,

France

December 5th, 2016

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Trends & Insights

4.5G IoT: a new benchmark for 5G?

5G IoT Revolution and Challenges

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3GPP: 5G Timeline

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2022

Rel-10 Rel-11 Rel-12 Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16

3GPP

Req., Eval. Criteria

ITU Workshop

Proposal

WRC-12 WRC-15 WRC-19

Spec.

ITU-R

LTE-Advanced (4G)

Eval

Rel-17

5G SI(s) UAI, other features /

enhancements

5G WI(s) Phase-2

5G WI(s) Phase-1

LTE-Advanced Pro (4.5G)

2018Q2

Basic function

Verification

2020Q2

Commercial

2019Q3

IOT Test

5G

5G Standardization Process

High Frequency Channel

2018.06 2019.12

RAN Requirement & Scope (SI) Phase 1 WI Phase2 WI

2015.09 2016.03

Phase 1 Frozen

Phase 2 Frozen

Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16

2017.03

Waveform & MA

Numerology

Modulation & Coding

MIMO

Channel and Signaling

OFDM based waveform NOMA needs to be investigated Forward-compatible flexible frame

structure Full support of Massive MIMO Polar code and LDPC should be

included in research.

5G AI basic Consensus

Now 2016.10 2016.11

Kick off

3GPP SI Charter

5G AI direction will be almost determined in 2016.

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Trends & Insights

4.5G IoT: a new benchmark for 5G?

5G IoT Revolution and Challenges

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4.5G

Experience 4.0

Voice HD

HD Voice HD Video Connection+

NB-IoT, MC

PTT

…

HD Vide

o

Gbps

Cloud VR/A

R

2K/4K

Video

4.5G, Engine of New Services, New Experience, New Markets

2B

Requirements

l Small Packet

(<100kbps)

l Deep Coverage

（20dB）

l Low power (10 Years)

l Low cost (<$5)

0.8B

0.2B

Connections in 2020 (Billion)

Camera

Electronic billboards…

Market

Segment

LPWA: Low Power Wide Area

3G/4G

Technology

GSM/GPRS/CDMA

LTE MTC(R12, R13)

Zigbee, Bluetooth

WiFi, Sigfox, LoRa

NB-IoT…

l >10Mbps

l ~1Mbps

l Low power

consumption

Smart Home

POS…

Sensors, Meters

Asset Tracking

Smart Parking

Smart agriculture …

By 2020, LPWA to Represent 70% of Cellular IoT Connections

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10

Sigfox LoRa EC-GSM Cat-1 Cat-0 eMTC NB-IoT

Standardization Private Open 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP

Spectrum Unlicensed Unlicensed Licensed Licensed Licensed Licensed Licensed

Channel BW 100Hz 7.8~500kHz 200kHz 1.4~20MHz 1.4~20MHz 1.4MHz 180KHz

System BW 100KHz 125kHz 1.4MHz 1.4~20MHz 1.4~20MHz 1.4MHz 180KHz

Peak Data Rate UL:100bps

DL:600bps 180bps~37.5kbps

DL: 74kbps

UL:74kbps

DL:10Mbps

UL:5Mbps

DL:2Mbps

UL:1Mbps

DL:800kbps

UL:1Mbps

DL:234.7kbps

UL:204.8kbps

Max. number of

Message per day 140(Device)

50000(BTS) 50000(BTS) unlimited unlimited unlimited unlimited unlimited

Device Peak

Tx Power 14dBm 14dBm 26dBm 23dBm 23dBm 23dBm 23dBm

MCL(Maximum

Coupling Loss) UL:156dB

DL: 147dB

UL: 156dB

DL:

168(SF12, BW7.8)

132(SF6, BW125)

164dB 144dB 144dB 156dB 164dB

Device Power

Consumption Low Low-Medium Low Medium Medium Low-Medium Low

LPWA Technologies Overview

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200kHz 200kHz 200kHz

LTE Bandwidth

20MHz 1.4 MHz

3

MHz

5

MHz 10MHz 15MHz

Standalone LTE Guard Band LTE In Band

10-year Battery Life

PSM State

Data Wake up

20+dB Gain Over 2G

Coverage

9~12 dB

N Repetitions ~17dB

NB-IoT Controller Service Platform

DL Data SingleRAN

(2G/3G/4G/NB-IoT)

SingleRAN Based Network

NB-IoT

200KHz

NB-IoT Network Performance

Higher Power density

PSM: Power Saving Mode

12

Standardization of NB-IoT Completed

R14 kick off R14 frozen

2016.03 2016.05 2016.06 2016.09 2017.03

NB-IoT

eMTC

EC-GSM

R13 Completed

RAN1

RAN2

RAN3

R13 Completed

RAN1

RAN2

RAN3

R13

GERAN2(Performance)

R13

RAN4(Performance)

R13

RAN4(Performance)

R13 Completed

GERAN1

R14

Positioning

Multicast

Non-Anchor PRB enhancements

Mobility and service continuity

enhancement

New Power Class

R14

Positioning

R14

Positioning

Multicast

Mobility

enhancements

Higher data rates

VoLTE

13

Accelerate the Adoption of More Use Cases

Pet Tracking

Smart Parking

Gas Meter

Water Meter

4 Use Cases 50 Use Cases

Environmental

Monitoring

Smart Band

Liquid and

Pressurized Fuels Smart Bike

Smart Vending

Waste Bin

Smoke and Fire

Alarms

Water Bin

2015 2016

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Trends & Insights

4.5G IoT: a new benchmark for 5G?

5G IoT Revolution and Challenges

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5G Activities All Over The World

Countries and projects where 5G is studied, Asia is leading the 5G verification/trial

11-2012

European Union METIS 2020 Project

29 members

€27 million investment

DoCoMo joint 5G research

with 13 vendors

12-2013

European Union 5G PPP Project

€125 million investment for 5G (initial EU funding)

>€700 million investment funding in 2014-2020

Update on 02-2014: €4B investment in 2014-2020

11-2013

Huawei 5G research

investment ~$600 million

China Gov 5G funding

¥160 million in 2013 only

MIIT launch of IMT-2020

Promotion Group or 5G

Targeting 2020 commercialization

10-2012

UK Gov."5G Innovation Centre“

at the University of Surrey

150 researchers, ~100 PHDs

£41 million investment

Launch of 5G Forum in 2013

South Korea Gov. $1.5B

funding in developing and

rolling out trial 5G services by

2017,Commercial services by

2020

CMCC 5G Project

03-2014

Germany and UK 5G research project

On 24-02-2014 NGMN has made a decision to focus the future NGMN work programme on defining the end-to-end requirements for 5G

Alliance representing 21 mobile operators around the world

5GMF set up on 09-2014,

verification from 2017

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Diversified Challenges and Gaps to Reach 5G

Network

Architecture

Slicing Ability

Required

Connections

1,000K Connections

Per km2

Mobility

500km/h

High-speed

Railway

Throughput

10Gbps

Per

Connection

Latency

1 ms

E2E

Latency

5G

100Mbps 10K 350Km/h 30~50ms Inflexible

LT

E

GA

P 30~50x 100x 100x 1.5x NFV/SDN

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New Air Interface

SCMA

F-OFDM

Polar Code

Full Duplex

Mobile Internet Internet of Things Mission Critical MTC

One air interface fits many applications with high flexibility, at least a 3x intrinsic spectrum efficiency improvement

Adaptive Air Interface

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Challenges

• Positionning/Tracking

• NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

• Grant Free Access

• End to End Latency

• Mobility

• Energy Efficiency

• Light-cryptography