Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use the compounds in food for energy sources. Autotrophs make their own glucose. Heterotrophs cannot.

The process by which glucose molecules are broken down to release energy (ATP) is cellular respiration.

Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use the compounds in food for energy sources. Autotrophs make their own glucose. Heterotrophs cannot.

The process by which glucose molecules are broken down to release energy (ATP) is cellular respiration.

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

The process by which glucose molecules are broken down to release energy is cellular respiration.

It is a series of chemical reactions that produces ATP. Most cellular processes use ATP for energy.

The process by which glucose molecules are broken down to release energy is cellular respiration.

It is a series of chemical reactions that produces ATP. Most cellular processes use ATP for energy.

Two types of RespirationTwo types of Respiration

There are two types of cellular respiration.

Aerobic - requires oxygenProduces 36 ATP from each glucose

Anaerobic - takes place without oxygenProduces 2 ATP from each glucose

There are two types of cellular respiration.

Aerobic - requires oxygenProduces 36 ATP from each glucose

Anaerobic - takes place without oxygenProduces 2 ATP from each glucose

AnaerobesAnaerobes

Anaerobes are organisms that use the anaerobic respiration pathway.

Most anaerobes are bacteria. Anaerobes do NOT require oxygen.

Anaerobes are organisms that use the anaerobic respiration pathway.

Most anaerobes are bacteria. Anaerobes do NOT require oxygen.

AerobesAerobes

Aerobes are organisms that use the aerobic respiration pathway.

Aerobes require oxygen.

Aerobes are organisms that use the aerobic respiration pathway.

Aerobes require oxygen.

Stages of RespirationStages of Respiration

The first stage of respiration for all living organisms, anaerobes or aerobes, is called glycolysis and it takes place in the cytosol.

The first stage of respiration for all living organisms, anaerobes or aerobes, is called glycolysis and it takes place in the cytosol.

GlycolysisGlycolysis

Glyco means “glucose/sugar” Lysis means “to split”

glycolysis means “to split glucose”

Glyco means “glucose/sugar” Lysis means “to split”

glycolysis means “to split glucose”

GlycolysisGlycolysis

Glucose

C6H12O6

Two pyruvate (3-C) molecules

Two ATP

Two NADH

Glucose

C6H12O6

Two pyruvate (3-C) molecules

Two ATP

Two NADH

Stages of RespirationStages of Respiration

The second stage in aerobic respiration is the Krebs cycle, which occurs in the mitochondria.

Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle. The Acetyl-CoA is broken down to form CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

The second stage in aerobic respiration is the Krebs cycle, which occurs in the mitochondria.

Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle. The Acetyl-CoA is broken down to form CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

Stages of RespirationStages of Respiration In the Krebs cycle, the pyruvate is

converted to acetyl-CoA, which is broken down to form CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

One ATP is produced for each pyruvate.

CO2 is a byproduct. why we breathe out carbon dioxide!

In the Krebs cycle, the pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA, which is broken down to form CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

One ATP is produced for each pyruvate.

CO2 is a byproduct. why we breathe out carbon dioxide!

Stages of RespirationStages of Respiration

So, after glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, there are 4 ATP produced from each glucose.

There’s still 32 ATP left to get from the process (because aerobic produces a total of 36 ATP from each glucose).

So, after glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, there are 4 ATP produced from each glucose.

There’s still 32 ATP left to get from the process (because aerobic produces a total of 36 ATP from each glucose).

Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain

The rest of the energy is contained in electrons carried by NADH and FADH2.

Electron transport is the process by which energy is transferred from NADH and FADH2 to ATP. This phase is also in the mitochondria.

The rest of the energy is contained in electrons carried by NADH and FADH2.

Electron transport is the process by which energy is transferred from NADH and FADH2 to ATP. This phase is also in the mitochondria.

Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2

glucose oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

carbon water ATP

dioxide

C6H12O6 + 6O2

glucose oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

carbon water ATP

dioxide

Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration

Compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

The reactants of one process are the products of the other!

Compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

The reactants of one process are the products of the other!

Anaerobic RespirationAnaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic respiration does NOT require oxygen.

The 2 most common forms are:Alcoholic fermentationLactic acid fermentation

Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation

Is carried out by yeast, a kind of fungus Does not require oxygen Uses only glycolysis

Pyruvate + NADH Ethanol + NAD+ + CO2

Is carried out by yeast, a kind of fungus Does not require oxygen Uses only glycolysis

Pyruvate + NADH Ethanol + NAD+ + CO2

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Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation

Uses: Baking Wine and beer industry Ethanol Swiss cheese

Uses: Baking Wine and beer industry Ethanol Swiss cheese

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Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid Fermentation

Uses only glycolysis Does not require oxygen

Pyruvate + NADH Lactic Acid + CO2

Uses only glycolysis Does not require oxygen

Pyruvate + NADH Lactic Acid + CO2

Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid Fermentation

Carried out by human muscle cells when they are oxygen-deprived.

Lactic acid is a toxin and causes fatigue, soreness, and stiffness in muscles.

Carried out by human muscle cells when they are oxygen-deprived.

Lactic acid is a toxin and causes fatigue, soreness, and stiffness in muscles.

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