photosynthesis - norwell public schools / overvie & heterotrophs • from where does the energy...
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PHOTOSYNTHESISChapter 8.1: Energy & Life
AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS
• From where does the energy that living things need come?
• -
• Plants
AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS
• Autotrophs
•Organisms that can _____ their own ____.
• ______ and ________.
AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS
• Heterotrophs
• _____ use the sun’s ______ _______.
•Obtain ______ from foods they ________.
CHEMICAL ENERGY & ATP
•What is energy?
• Government’s definition
•Do you agree???
CHEMICAL ENERGY & ATP
•What is energy?
• _____, _____, __________
• Two definitions
• Ability to __________ molecules in _________ reactions.
• Ability to do _________.
MAJOR TYPES OF ENERGY
• _______ = _______
• _______ = ________
* What types of energy are used by living things?
_________
__________
FORMS OF CHEMICAL ENERGY
•Different forms of stored chemical energy are used in living things.
WHAT IS ATP?
• Energy “__________”
• Used by ______
• ___________ _________
WHAT IS ATP?
• Principle _________ compound that cells use to _________ and _________ energy.
• _______ (Nitrogenous base)
• _________ (5-carbon sugar)
• _________ phosphate groups.
• _____ to molecule’s ability to store and release energy.
STORING ENERGY
• Adenosine diphosphate (______)
• ______ phosphate groups instead of _________.
• Cell ______ energy by adding a __________ group to ADP molecules to make ______.
RELEASING ENERGY
• Law of Thermodynamics
• When energy _____________ occur, energy is neither _________ nor ___________.
• However, there is a _______ of ____________ energy.
• For this reason, living things are dependent on a constant ______ of ______ energy the ____.
RELEASING ENERGY
• How is energy stored in ATP released?
• _________ chemical ________ between _________ & ________ phosphate groups.
• Used in _______ _________ across cell membranes, protein _______, & muscle ___________.
• Basic ______ _________ of all cells!
USING BIOCHEMICAL ENERGY
•Do cells have enough ATP to make it through the day?
• ________
•Most cells only have a __________ amount.
• Enough to last only a few _________ of __________.
USING BIOCHEMICAL ENERGY
• ATP is a great molecule for _________ energy but not _________ energy ________ _________.
• How is energy in cells stored?
• __________ = ______ chemical energy of ATP.
• Cells regenerate _____ from _______ as needed using energy in _______ (like __________).
90 X more energy
PHOTOSYNTHESISChapter 8.2: An Overview
PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATION
• The process in which plants convert _________ into _______ _________ energy (_________).
CO2 +H20 ---sunlight----> C6H1206 + 02
THE REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Inside the chloroplast: Light & light energy
• Why does a plant leaf (chlorophyll) appear green?
• -
• How does the amount of energy in light change as the wavelength increases?
• -
• Which colors of light are most effective for photosynthesis?
THE REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Inside the ____________
• Photosynthetic ___________ called ___________.
• Proteins organize __________ into clusters known as _________________.
• Absorb __________.
• Where the __________________________ reactions occur.
• Space outside the thylakoids called the ___________.
• Where the _______________ (______) reactions occur (________ _______).
ELECTRON CARRIERS
•What happens in the chlorophyll when sunlight shines upon it?
• -
•Need a special type of _________ ___________.
ELECTRON CARRIERS
• Plant uses carrier molecules to ___________ high-energy ____________ from _______________ to other molecules.
• Compound that can __________ a _________ of high-energy electrons & ________ them plus their energy to another ___________.
• Process is called ___________ ______________.
• Electron carriers = __________ ___________ ____________.
ELECTRON CARRIERS• Two carrier
molecules include ______ and ______
• NADP+ accepts and holds __ high-energy electrons with a ______________ ion (____).
• Converts NADP+ to __________
• Traps energy from ___________ into ___________ form.
• NADH carries high-energy electrons to other ________ reactions in the _______.
MAJOR STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Light Reaction
• Occurs in the ____________ membranes
• Produces ________ (____) and ________ for Calvin cycle
• _______ is split by ____________
• ___________ is ____________.
• ____________ is carried to next stage by __________
• _____ that is released is carried to the next stage by ____.
• Uses ________, ___, and ____ to produce __, ___, and _____ (_____________ compounds)
MAJOR STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Dark Reaction (______ ____)
• Reaction occurs in _______.
• _____ from ___ (light-dependent rxn) is used to ____ (attach) ___________ to ________
• _____ carried by ________
• _________ is formed from ____.
• Can be ______ for ______ ______
MAJOR STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis song
• Two reactions work together: ____ _________ energy from ____ & produce ____________ _______.
• We get an atmosphere filled with _________________!
FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Shortage of __________.
• _________________
• Depends on __________ that function best at _______ to __________.
• What happens above/below this range?
• Intensity of ____________
• __________ intensity = ___________ in ________ of photosynthesis.