Chinese Ecosystem Research Network: Chinese Ecosystem Research Network: 20-year experiences and lessons of Synthesis20-year experiences and lessons of Synthesis

Luguang Jiang, Associate Professor Chinese Ecosystem Research Network,

Chinese Academy of Sciencesjianglg@igsnrr.ac.cn

Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN)

CERN has gained 20 years of experiences in Monitoring, Research, Demonstration, and Policy support.

•42 stations, 5 sub-centers and 1 synthesis research center. Over 2000 scientists.

Function 1: Monitoring

Meteorological and atmospheric conditions Soil physiochemical characteristics Biological features: biomass, LAI, DBH, community

structure Hydrological processes

CERN

Comprehensive observation field

Eddy covariance monitoring

Microclimate observation

Bowen Ratio

Soil moisture monitoring wells

TDR

MonitoringMonitoring andand observationobservation ofof agro-ecosystemagro-ecosystem

Experiments of nutrient managementExperiments of nutrient management

NK(chemcial

fertilizer)

NPK(chemical

fertilizer)

½chemical fertilizer+½organic fertilizer

CK(non-application of

fertilizers)

PK(chemical fertilizer)

OM(organic fertilizer)

NP(chemical fertilizer)

N: 150kgN/hm2/season ； P: wheat 75kg(P2O5)/hm2 corn 60 kg/hm2; K: 75kg (K2O) /hm2/season ； Organic fertilizer: 5000 kg/hm2/season(7200~8400 kg /hm2 straw for composting) , complement NPK with chemical fertilizers

Fengqiu StationFengqiu Station ：： long-term experiments on fertilizer application(1989~ )long-term experiments on fertilizer application(1989~ ) ：：addressing the sustainability of applying fertilizers for crop ecosystem on a long-addressing the sustainability of applying fertilizers for crop ecosystem on a long-

term basisterm basis

Habitat experiment

Artificial wetland experiment

Eco-fishery experiment

MonitoringMonitoring andand experiments of Lakeexperiments of Lake ecosystemecosystem

CO2 double enrichment

Water surface evaporation

Fertilizer application

Carbon flux tower

Other Cases

CERN

CERN

Demonstration bases on ecosystem

use and conservation

Network on experiments of soil fertility and

fertilizer use

Network on experiments of soil fertility and

fertilizer use

Network on research of cropland ecosystem water cycling and use in northern

China

Network on research of cropland ecosystem water cycling and use in northern

China

Network on demonstration of agricultural

technological models and experiments

Network on demonstration of agricultural

technological models and experiments

Forest biodiversity monitoring and

research network

Forest biodiversity monitoring and

research network

Platform of monitoring and control experiments on terrestrial aquatic areas

and bay ecological processes

Platform of monitoring and control experiments on terrestrial aquatic areas

and bay ecological processes

Network on experiments and demonstration of degraded ecosystems

restoration

Network on experiments and demonstration of degraded ecosystems

restoration

ChinaFLUXChinaFLUX

Atmospheric environmental

changes monitoring network

Atmospheric environmental

changes monitoring network

Platform of climate change field

control experiments

Platform of climate change field

control experiments

Platform of global change terrestrial transects system

Platform of global change terrestrial transects system

Network-based long-term ecosystem monitoring and research

CERN has implemented network-based monitoring, experiment and research at national scale, led the development of ecological network system in China, and promoted the growth of ILTER network

CERN has implemented network-based monitoring, experiment and research at national scale, led the development of ecological network system in China, and promoted the growth of ILTER network

3 research bases ， 10 dedicated sub-networks on observation and research

Research bases on ecosystem

restoration

Research bases on ecosystem

restoration

Function 2: Research

Core research areasCore research areas1.Ecosystem biogenic

elements and water cycle process2.Response and adaptation of

ecosystems to global climate change

3.Biodiversity conservation and use of biological resources

4.Ecosystem restoration and sustainability

5.Impacts of human activities on ecosystem structure and functions

6.Application of ecological monitoring, modeling and eco-informatics

11292406

3832

6089

8722

11083

13966

16853

19523

21368 22043 22122

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

（次

）

CERN Publications

Citations

CERNCERN 的技术研发、模式集成与试验示范体系的技术研发、模式集成与试验示范体系

CERN won the First Prize for the National Scientific Progress Award of China in 2012

Technologies for water and soil conservation:anti-erosion of slopes and gullies, irrigation with collected rainwatereconomic forests and fruit, combination of crops and fruitTechnologies for restoring vegetation:focusing on native plants, supplemented with human intervention to naturally restore the vegetation

Technologies for water and soil conservation:anti-erosion of slopes and gullies, irrigation with collected rainwatereconomic forests and fruit, combination of crops and fruitTechnologies for restoring vegetation:focusing on native plants, supplemented with human intervention to naturally restore the vegetation

Control of water and soil loss in Loess Plateau

the improved landscape in Zhifanggou, Ansai

Grain for Green in Yan’an, Shaanxi Province

Disseminated to 1.957M mu in Loess Plateau, generating additional economic benefits of RMB 650M, and expanded to 120M mu in northern Shaanxi Province, with significant ecological benefit

Case 1Case 1 ： ： Model of controlling water and soil loss Model of controlling water and soil loss in Loess Plateauin Loess Plateau

Key technologies ：fencing enclosure delayed grazingenclosure for seeding and application of fertilizer

Key technologies ：cutting grass and grazing by turnrotational grazing

Key technologies ：grain for green Desertification control with biological gridsmixed sowing of various grasses

technology of rotational grazing

technology for fencing enclosure

technology of desertification control with biological grids

These technologies are disseminated to more than 90 M mu in Inner Mongolia, generating a total economic benefit of RMB 1.48 Chinese Yuan.

1/3 for restoring

1/3 for protection

1/3 for use

Case 2 ： Model of restoring the degraded grassland, protecting and using the grassland in Inner Mongolia

Case 2 ： Model of restoring the degraded grassland, protecting and using the grassland in Inner Mongolia

Case Case 33 ：： Model of sand-dune fixation with vegetation in Model of sand-dune fixation with vegetation in arid areas, northwestern Chinaarid areas, northwestern China

successio

n o

f bio

log

ical soil

crust

succ

essi

on

of

veg

etat

ion

co

mm

un

itie

s

re-distributionregulation

Sand-fixed vegetation

Cryptogamae,herbal and shallow

root sub-shrubsDominant shrub

communities

red

uc

ed

so

il w

ate

r c

on

ten

t

1 15

Pure forest+ native treesPure forest+ native trees

Pure forest + shrubs

Pure forest + shrubs

ecological renovation with artificial forests

Heshan Model in Guangdong ecological restoration by plantation in red soil

Qianyanzhou Model in Jiangxi multi-layered agriculture: grass, fruit, crops and fish ponds

Case 4Case 4 ：： Reforestation Reforestation iinn Southern ChinaSouthern China

demonstration area of controlling algae with fish

demonstration area of controlling algae

with shellfish

area of removing algae by

flocculation

technology of removing waves with ecological means

technology of ecological enclosure

area of restoring floating-leaved

plants

the area of restoring submerged plants

total P reduced by 30%, total N reduced by 20% coverage rate of aquatic plants grew by 30%, transparency increased by 50cm, Magnified to Taihu Lake, Wuli Lake, and Huizhou West Lake.

Case 5Case 5 ：： Model of restoring the habitat for aquatic Model of restoring the habitat for aquatic plants in lakesplants in lakes

To change the traditional practice of directly restoring the aquatic plants

To focus on improving the habitat for such plants

To integrate the technologies of improving sunshine, removing wind waves, controlling blue algae and adjusting fish population

Results ：

Concepts and technologies ：

Mainstreaming CERN in iLTER CommunitiesMainstreaming CERN in iLTER Communities

1988 CERN established

1993 CERN Join ILTER, CERN World Bank Loan stated

ILTER East Asia and Pacific Regional Chair2003

China FLUX as a member of FluxNet2004

TA to ecological site in Mongolia2007

ILTER Vice chair, TA to 5 Middle East countries2009

UNEP-CAS International Ecosystem Management Partnership

2011

2000 CERN World Bank Loan ended

US-Chair Joint Research Center2006

Phase I:

1993-2002

Mainstreaming

Phase I:

1993-2002

Mainstreaming

Phase II:

2003-2007

Asia Network

Phase II:

2003-2007

Asia Network

Phase III ：

2007-Present

Go outside

Phase III ：

2007-Present

Go outside

Each year over 200 scholars from abroad for scientific exchange and collaboration

PotentialPotential J Jointoint CollaborationsCollaborations

• Both at network and site levels

• Joint project development

China side: funding from NSFC, CAS, and MOST

• Exchange of staff and postgraduate students

China side: China Oversea Scholarship

• Joint workshops China side: INTECOL 2017 (Beijing)

• Joint publications• …….

Summary

20

• CERN’s missions are ecosystem monitoring, research and better ecosystem management

• CERN would like to learn from colleagues in this meeting, i.e. biodiversity monitoring, data management, new approaches for ecological research

• We have potential to work together at network and site levels for joint research, staff exchanges and joint workshops

Joint hands for next generation of ecosystem monitoring and observations!