Ch. 14- Scientific Revolution

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHUWP9zu

4W8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lr_bQs4oXg

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Gradual movement that consisted of a few

hundred scientists over a period of many years (1470s-1730s) in different countries

New Advances (especially in astronomy) captured public attention and allowed movement to gain cultural authority

Scientific Revolution

Questioned the Geocentric view of the

universe sponsored by Ptolemy On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres

Book written by Copernicus Argued heliocentric view of the universe

Nicholas Copernicus

Made more extensive observations than any

previous astronomer. Advance Heliocentric view

Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)

Brahe’s Assistant Used Brahe’s research to advance Heliocentric

view The New Astronomy

Planets orbited around the sun in a elliptical fashion

Johannes Kepler 1571-1630

One of first astronomers to view sky with

telescope Popularized Copernican interpretation of

heavens using empirical rationale evidence

Galileo Galilei 1564-1642

Principia Mathematic (1687) Proved mathematically that planets and other

physical objects moved through mutual attraction, or gravity

Isaac Newton 1642- 1727

God as a divine watchmaker: World is

perceived in mechanical terms

Philosophy responds to Science

Novum Organum and The Advancement of

Learning Urged peers to continue search for truth in

natural world Encouraged Further Experimentation

Francis Bacon

Developed the Scientific Method Discourse on Method

Argued that all thought should be founded on Mathematical model and rejected any thought not founded on reason

Rene Descartes (1596-1650)

Leviathan

People are born naturally evil Human beings are at war with others and

themselves Rulers should have no limits on Power

Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679

First Treatise of Government and Second

Treatise of Government People are born good Government should protect basic rights: Life,

Liberty, Property Social Contract: People should enter into a

contract with government to preserve natural rights

John Locke

Galileo- angers church with his interpretation.

Put on trial and sentenced to house arrest for his disobedience

Blaise Pascal- French mathematician who saw religion as separate from reason and Science. Allied himself with Jansenists Wager- Better to believe and get rewards and

instead of not believe and face consequences

New Science and Religious Faith

Rational God- scientific advancements are

apart of god’s plan

English Approach to Science and Religion

From 1400-1700 an estimated 70,000-100,000

people sentenced to death for magic and witchcraft

Cunning Folk- people who possessed “special powers”

Church declares that only priests possess magical abilities. Those who practiced magic outside the church

were inspired by the devil https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2xlQaimsGg

Continuing Superstition

Philosophy: Margaret Cavendish- significant contributions

to the field of Philosophy Debated with Descartes and Hobbes First Women invited to Royal Society of London

Observations upon Experimental Philosophy Grounds of Natural Philosophy

Women and Scientific Rev

Maria Cunitz- Publishes a book Maria Winkelmann- discovered a comet in

1702 and not given credit until 1930 Emilie Du Chatelet- translated Newton’s

Principia to french

Astronomy

“The Scientific Revolution was not a revolution

in Science, but rather was a revolution in thought.” Assess the Validity of this statement.

FRQ