ch. 28 the origins of eukaryotic diversity
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Ch. 28 The Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity. Introduction to Protists. Eukaryotes. Most diverse Most are unicellular, some colonial and multicellular species. Simplest eukaryotic organisms. Many protists are exceedingly complex – the most elaborate of all cells. Aquatic - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ch. 28 The Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity
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Introduction to Protists• Eukaryotes.• Most diverse• Most are unicellular, some
colonial and multicellular species.
• Simplest eukaryotic organisms.• Many protists are exceedingly
complex – the most elaborate of all cells.
• Aquatic• Asexual/sexual reproduction
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Protists
• Aerobic in their metabolism, using mitochondria for cellular respiration.
• Phototrophs with chloroplasts.• Heterotrophs that absorb organic materials
or ingest larger food particles.• Mixotrophs: combo of photo and
heterotrophic nutrition
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Early EuK Origin• proK small size, limit space for genes.
• Limits metabolic activity
• Evolution of ProK:– Multi-cellular proK– Complex communities– Compartmentalization
• Endosymbiosis– Mitochiondria– Plastids (chloroplasts)
• Produces a chimera
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Secondary Endosymbiosis
• Diversity of Algae
• Endosymbiosis occurs twice
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Diplomonadida & Parabasala
• No mitochondria• Multiple flagella
– Giardia lambia
– Trichomonas vaginalis
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Euglenozoa
• Eugleniods and Kinetoplastids• Single mitochondria• Types
– Trypanosoma (African sleeping sickness)
– Euglena
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Alveolata• Parasitic
• Cilia
• Types– Dinoflagellates: phytoplankton
• Pfiesteria piscicidia: carnivorous, blooms, toxins stuns
– Apicomplexans• Plasmodium: Produces sporozoite
– Ciliophora• Conjugation
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Stramenopila
• Heterotrophic/photosynthetic• Oomycota• Diatoms• Golden, Brown Algae (seaweed)
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Alteration of Generations
• Alteration of haploid/diploid that are multicellular• Sporophyte = diploid individual• Gametophyte = haploid individual• Heteromorphic = sporophyte/gametophyte
structurally different• Isomorphic = s/g look alike, differ in chromosome
number
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Algae• Rhodophyta: red algae
– No flagella
– Phycobilins (red pigment) in plastids
• Chlorophyta: green algae– Green pigment
– Lichens
– Biflagellated
– Many colonial, multicellular
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Movement and Feeding
• Heterotrophs, symbiotic• Rhizopoda: amoebas
– Pseudopodia
• Actinopoda: Heliozoans– Axopodia
• Foraminifera– Marine
– Porous shell
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Mycetozoa• Slime Molds• Plasmodium Slime
Molds:• Cellular Slime Molds: