ch. 7 causes of the revolution

8/14/2019 Ch. 7 Causes of the Revolution

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C h a p t e r 7

Causes of the Revolution


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C o r e L e s s o n 1

The French and Indian War


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Lesson objectives

Explain why France and Britain fought for control ofNorth American lands.

Summarize the impact of the French and Indian Waron Britain, France, colonists, and Native Americans.


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BRITAIN-another name for England


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War Between France and Britain

BRITAIN FRANCE

1. Had colonies in North 1. Had colonies in North America. America.2.Wanted to trade furs and 2. traded furs with thefarm land in the Ohio River American Indians.Valley. 3. wanted trade all to3. Settlement was more themselvesimportant. 4. trading more important4. Mohawks were allies than settlements 5. Most American Indians

were allies.


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This war that began in the Ohio River Valley becameknown as the French and Indian War.

Fought between Britain and its colonists and Franceand their Indian allies.

Ally-person or group that joins with another to worktoward a goal.


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Benjamin Franklins Albany Plan

1754, the Albany Congress met to discuss how to fightFrance.

Congress-group of representatives who meet todiscuss a subject.

Benjamin Franklin's plan to unite the union wascalled the Albany Plan of Union.

Franklin believed the colonies could fight better if

they fought together.


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Franklins Plan

Each colony would have its own government.There would also be an overall government to solve

problems that affected them all, such as war.

The colonies rejected his plan because they were notready to join together under one government.


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Victory for Britain

Until 1757, Britain was losing the war.William Pitt became the leader of Britains Parliament.He was very determined.He sent ships and soldiers to North America to help

capture French ports.1759-British army defeated the French near Quebec.1760-Britain capture Montreal.1763-France was ready to make peace with Britain.

France and Britain signed the Treaty of Paris,which gaveBritain control of Canada and most of the land east ofthe Mississippi River.


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The American Indians in the Ohio River Valley didntlike Britain being there. They wanted them out!

Pontiacs Rebellion broke out.

Rebellion- a fight against a government.Pontiac was a Ottawa Indian chief. He was quickly

defeated. The war lasted less than a year.


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Britain made a proclamation, which came to beknown as the Proclamation of 1763.

Proclamation-official public statement.

It said that colonists could not settle west of theAppalachian Mountains.

Many colonists were upset about this because nowthat the French were gone, they wanted to farm and

settle this land.Colonists began working together to oppose the

decisions of their government.


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Why does this matter???

After the French and Indian War, colonists began todisagree with Britains rule of the colonies.

TROUBLE IS BREWING!!!!


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George Washington-The French and Indian War1754-1763

Didnt know much about war.When he had been an army officer for only 1 year, and not

a very successful one, he was ordered by the governor ofVirginia to lead this an army into the valley. He went towar with British soldiers at Fort Duquesne, where they

planned to seize the fort from the French.The French soldiers, along with their American Indian

allies, were waiting on them when they came, and hitthem with a surprise attack.

The battle was very toughWashington spent most of the battle carrying injured

soldiers to safety.His jacket was marked by bullet holes after the battle.


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3 years later, he went to Fort Duquesne again, but thistime was much different.

He and his British soldiers captured Fort Duquesne.

Washington became a hero in Virginia, after heshowed great bravery and after learning manylessons from his experiences in the first battle.

Years later, he led an army in a much greater war

against the British and created a new nation!


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Assignment

Choice #1 Reread the paragraphs that describe what happened at the first battle at Fort

Duquesne, p. 232. Draw a picture of what happened to George Washington and the British soldiers

in that battle.

Choice #2 Write a poem about the life of George Washington that includes information

about his background and his experiences.

Choice #3 Look at George Washingtons profile on a US quarter. Design a new image for the back of a quarter using the information from page

232.Choice #4

Write 1-2 paragraphs of how George Washington showed courage during theFrench and Indian War.


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C o r e l e s s o n 2

Early Conflicts with Britain


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Lesson Objectives

Explain why Britain imposed taxes on the Americancolonies and why colonists opposed them.

Describe the different methods colonists used toprotest British policies.


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WORDS TO KNOW

TAXSMUGGLING

LIBERTYPROTEST

BOYCOTT

REPEAL


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Something to think about

Schools often find themselves needingmoney to pay for supplies andinstructional materials for students

and teachers. What are some ways aschool will try to raise money to meetthese needs?


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BRITAIN NEEDS MONEY!!!

Even though Britain won the French and Indian War, itcosts them a great deal of money!!

What was the main cost of the war???SOLDIERS! Thousands of soldiers were sent by William

Pitt to North America to help fight, and many were keptthere to maintain the land they had won.British Parliament decide the British colonists would help

raise the money by collecting taxes.Tax-money that people pay to their government in return

for services. For example, they would usually put a taxon goods that were imported, such as cloth.


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New Taxes

1.Sugar Act-taxed any good that was imported intoNorth America, not just sugar.

2.Stamp Act-taxed anything printed on paper

Colonists were very upset by the new taxes becausethey felt they had NO say so in making these newlaws. Although they had a say so in their local

government, they did NOT have any say so inBritish Parliament


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Patrick Henry-member of Virginias House of Burgesses,made an angry speech against the Stamp Act.

When people began to get word of his speech, groupsbegan to form across the colonies, calling themselves the

Sons of Liberty.Liberty-freedom from being controlled by anothergovernment.

Samuel Adams-important leader of the Sons of Liberty inBoston. Organized a protest against the Stamp Act Protest-an event at which people complain about an issue.

Protests often got violent!


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Conflict Over Taxes

October 1765, 9 colonies got together and held a meetingin New York City.

This meeting was called the Stamp Act Congress.Decided that only colonial governments could tax

colonists.To get back at the British and hurt British trade, they

decided to hold aboycott, which is when a group ofpeople decide not to buy, sell, or use certain goods.

They hoped that this boycott would force the British tocancel the Stamp Act.

1766, the Stamp Act was repealed, or cancelled.


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The Townshend Acts

The British government still needed money, so theyenforced new taxes called the Townshend Acts.

These acts placed a tax on tea, glass, lead, paints, andpaper that the colonies imported.

Colonists were just as angry this time, which led togreat violence in the colonies against the British taxofficials and soldiers.


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Daughters of Liberty

In response to the Townshend Acts, colonists held aboycott against the goods they bought the most.

Instead, the Daughters of Liberty wove their owncloth to make their own clothes.

The British merchants lost money and decided toremove the tax on all goods except tea, just to showthat it still had the power to tax the colonists.

Anger continued to grow towards the BritishParliament.


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Lesson Review

What was Britains main reason for

taxing the colonists?

A. to show they were in control.

B. because they needed money.


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Who was the member of the House ofBurgesses who made an angry speech

against the Stamp Act?A. Patrick Henry

B. Samuel Adams


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What was the goal of Samuel Adamsand other Sons of Liberty?

A. to support the Stamp Act

B. to resist the Stamp Act


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What new tax placed a tax on tea, aswell as other goods imported fromBritain?

A. Townshend Acts

B. Stamp Act


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Which term means to cancel a law?

A. repealB. boycott


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What was the group called who gottogether and wove cloth to makeclothes?

A. Sons of Liberty

B. Daughters of Liberty


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C o r e L e s s o n 3

Conflicts Grow


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Lesson Objectives

Analyze how events in Boston increasedtensions between the colonists and theBritish government.

Describe how people from differentcolonies began working together tooppose British actions.


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Words to Know:

MassacreCorrespondence

Quarter

Delegate


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How do we find out what is goingon in our world?

TelevisionRadioInternetNewspaper

**Colonial leaders decided they needed better ways toshare news!


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Trouble in Boston

Since British officials were being attacked by angrycolonists, they had sent British soldiers to the colonies toprotect them.

The colonists did NOT like it at all!March 5,1770, a fight broke out between a crowd of angry

colonists and a British soldier.When the colonists began yelling insults and throwing

snowballs at the soldier, more soldiers arrived to helpand one ended up firing a shot, causing several moresoldiers to fire their guns.

5 colonists were killed, including an African Americansailor, Crispus Attucks, who is remembered today as ahero.


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Afterwards, the colonists called it a massacre, which isthe killing of many people.

This fight came to be known as

The Boston Massacre


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Paul

Revere*Son of Liberty*Bostonsilversmith*created afamous picture ofthe BostonMassacre


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The Boston

Massacre*The Sons ofLiberty usedthis picture to

convincecolonists thatBritishsoldiers weredangerous!


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The soldiers from the Boston Massacre were put ontrial.

Defended by a Boston lawyer by the name of JohnAdams

He wanted to show Britain that colonial courts werefair.

He tried to prove that the soldiers were onlyprotecting themselves from the angry crowd.

6 soldiers were found innocent, 2 were lightlypunished.


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Committees of Correspondence

Samuel Adams wanted all of the colonists to knowwhat was going on, so he and other colonial leadersin Boston set up Committees of Correspondence.

Correspondence-written communication

Every colony soon had Committees ofCorrespondence, sending each other letters keepingeach other updated on what the British were doingand what actions the colonists could take.


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Tea Act

Passed in 1773allowed the East India Company of Britain to sell tea

at a very low price.

Made taxed tea even cheaper than smuggled tea!

Boston merchants said it wasnt right because ifcolonists bought the inexpensive tea, they would still

be paying a tax to British Parliament.

They believed that they should NOT be taxed withouttheir agreement AND they didnt want only onecompany in control of tea trade.


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The Boston Tea Party

Boston merchants refused to sell the tea!The tea sat unloaded on the ships in the Boston

Harbor because Britain refused to let it come back.

On December 16, 1773, a group of the Sons of Libertygot together and had a little tea party and got ridof the tea themselves!

http://www.havefunwithhistory.com/activities/btp.html

Affects of the Boston Tea Party?
http://www.havefunwithhistory.com/activities/btp.htmlhttp://www.havefunwithhistory.com/activities/btp.html


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Affects of the Boston Tea Party?Was it worth it?

Lord Frederick, leader of British Parliament, wasshocked by what had happened.

Passed the Coercive Acts (also called the IntolerableActs by the colonists).

Coerce means to force.

Intolerable means unbearable.


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Intolerable Acts

Stopped trade between Boston and Britain.Ended most meetings

Gave Britain more control over the colonysgovernment by suspending their charter.

More troops were sent to Boston

Colonists were forced to quarter these troops, whichmeans they had to give them food and shelter.

Committees of Correspondence spread the news,causing the colonists to become even more angry.


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The First Continental Congress

Colonists held a meeting to discuss the unfair Intolerable Acts.They sent delegates, someone chosen to speak and act for

others, to meet in Philadelphia.Every colony but Georgia sent delegates to meet.This meeting took place on September 5, 1774.

Called The First Continental Congress.They wrote a letter to King George III asking him to stop taxing

them without their agreement and to repeal the IntolerableActs.

In the meantime, the colonists began to prepare for a battle, in

case war with Britain broke out.King George III made plans to send more soldiers and declared

that the colonists had started a rebellion!


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SOhow did The Boston Massacre and The BostonTea Party affect tensions between colonists and theBritish Parliament?

The British government have placed so many taxes onthe colonists that their anger grows with everypassing day.

The Boston Massacre only added to that tension. TheBritish soldiers had just killed 5 colonists and they

were found innocent when they went to trial.


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Boston Tea Party Trivia

What was the name of the Actthat made taxed tea cheaper

than smuggled tea? A. Townshend Act B. Tea Act


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What was one effect of the TeaAct?

A. The Boston Tea Party B. Committees of

Correspondence


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How did the Boston merchantsrebel against the Tea Act?

A. they refused to sell the tea B. they sent the tea back to Britain


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How did Lord Frederick and theBritish Parliament punish the

colonists? A. The Tea Act B. The Intolerable Acts


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What did the colonists do inresponse to the IntolerableActs?

A. They formed the Committeesof Correspondence

B. They formed the FirstContinental Congress


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Why did the First ContinentalCongress meet?

A. to discuss what to do about theIntolerable Acts. B. to discuss whether or not to

declare war against Britain.


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The killing of many people iscalled a ________.

A. massacre B. shooting


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Who was the escaped slave whowas killed during the Boston

Massacre?

A. Paul Revere B. Crispus Attucks


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The Boston Massacre occurredbecause ______________.

A. The colonists were angry atBritish Parliament because of thetaxes imposed on them.

B. The colonists were angry at asoldier who refused to pay a colonistfor the work he hired him to do .


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Assignment

Complete workbook page 42.Due Friday, March, 5!


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C o r e l e s s o n 4

War Begins


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Lesson Objectives

Describe the first battle of theRevolutionary War.

Explain how the fighting spread

and colonists prepared for warin 1775.


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Words to Know:

PatriotMilitia

MinutemenCommander

Petition


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Moving Toward War

Patriots- colonists who spoke out against British rule.Many colonists were eager for a war with Britain,

including Patrick Henry.

Militias, group of ordinary people who train for battle,

continued to prepare for war.Most militias were farmers.

Militias didnt have much training, but they were

ready to fight to defend their homes.


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Paul Reveres Ride

Patriots were storing secret weapons in Concord,about 20 miles from Boston.

Thomas Gage, the new British governor, was orderedto stop any rebellion.

He got word of these hidden weapons, and sentsoldiers to take the Patriots by surprise.

Word leaked out about the Gages plan and thePatriots were ready.

They warned the militia that the British were comingwith lanterns and men on horse.


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2 Patriots, Paul Revere and William Dawes, were theriders responsible for warning them.

Some militia had special training, called minutemen.

April 18, 1775, 700 British soldiers set off for Concord.

Revere and Dawes rode ahead to warn the minutemen.Revere yelled The Regulars are coming out!!

Regulars is another word for British soldiers.

Samuel Prescott also helped spread the word.

The soldiers captured Revere in Lexington, but he waslater released. Dawes and Prescott escaped.


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Paul Reveres Ride

The First Battles:


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The First Battles:Lexington and Concord

A small group of minutemen were waiting inLexington when the British soldiers arrived on April19.

When a British officer told them to leave, they turned

to do so and someone fired a shot.No one knows where the shot came from, but

everyone began firing.

By the time it was over, 8 colonists were dead and 9were wounded.

Only 1 British soldier was injured.


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On To Concord

The British left Lexington and headed for Concord.More minutemen were waiting there and they forced

the British to turn back toward Boston.

The poet Ralph Waldo Emerson later called this

event:

The shot heard round the

world.


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On the trip back to Boston, the British soldiers were ina lot of danger because other militia were ready and

waiting.

When they rode through, many shots were fired from

behind trees and stone walls.By the time they reached Boston, more than 250

British soldiers were either wounded or killed.

As the news spread about the Battles of Lexington andConcord, colonists began arriving in Boston andsurrounded the city. The soldiers were trapped!!!


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The Battle at Bunker Hill

The Patriots decided to build a fort on Bunker Hill ,across the Charles River, so they could fire canonsat the British from there.

When they got there, they decided to build on Breeds

Hill instead, closer to Boston.They worked through the night of June 16, building

dirt walls that were 6 feet high.As 2000 British soldiers marched up Breeds Hill,

William Prescott told the militia : Dont fire until you see the whites of theireyes.


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What do you think William Prescott meant by that?The British tried to attack and were forced back by the

militia.

They tried again, and were forced back again.

MANY soldiers had fallen and their army was weaker.

They tried a 3rd time! This time, the Patriots ran out ofgunpowder and the British captured the fort. But

not before they lost more than half of their men!


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This battle was called The Battle of Bunker Hill, butwas actually fought on Breeds Hill.

Though the British won, the Patriots proved theycould fight well.

If the British had to win another battle like it, it wouldhave ruined them. They couldnt afford to lose anymore men.

i i


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Activity

The song Yankee Doodle was originally sung by theBritish soldiers to make fun of the Patriots.

http://www.colonialmusic.org/Resource/YankeeDo.htm

In your groups, rewrite the lyrics to one verse that you thinkthe British might have sung to the Patriots, or vice versa.

A C l i l A
http://www.colonialmusic.org/Resource/YankeeDo.htmhttp://www.colonialmusic.org/Resource/YankeeDo.htm


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A Colonial Army

After the British didnt respond to the request of theFirst Continental Congress, they met again in thespring of 1775.

Called the Second Continental Congress.

Decided to create a new army, called the ContinentalArmy, full of trained soldiers.

Chose George Washington to be in charge of the army.

Th Oli B h P i i


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The Olive Branch Petition

The Second Continental Congress made 1 more try atpeace with Britain.

Sent King George III the Olive Branch Petition.

Petition-written request from a number of people.

Olive branch is a symbol of peace.

Asked King George to help end the conflict.

King George did not even read it.

Instead sent more soldiers.


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Washington spent the next 9 months training hisarmy.

Sent Henry Knox to Fort Ticonderoga in New York,which they had captured earlier.

Knox and his soldiers dragged canons to Boston.When the cannons arrived, the British soldiers left

Boston.

This was a moment of success for the colonists andthe Continental Army.

ch. 7 causes of the revolution

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