ch.9.1 active biology unit. hydra clips ature=endscreen&nr=1&v=12om szobakm ...
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Ch.9.1Ch.9.1
Active Biology UnitActive Biology Unit
Hydra ClipsHydra Clips
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=12OmszObAkM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G188PDx73i8
Planarian
Planarian ClipsPlanarian Clips
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0QzSYQGsnA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0L_mJoG4nts
Earthworm
Earthworm ClipsEarthworm Clips
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFpblBf1dfE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uO4lkv-jLRs
Hermit CrabHermit Crab
Hermit Crab ClipsHermit Crab Clips
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaU5etPejZA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMKbJJ04rXg
FrogFrog
Frog ClipsFrog Clips
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXqK5QulbJ8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBkWhkAZ9ds
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=ZUsARF-NR=1&v=ZUsARF-
CBcI&feature=endscreenCBcI&feature=endscreen
BiosphereBiosphere
• Biosphere = the area on earth where living organisms can be found.
• These are the levels of organization:– Organism– Population– Community– Ecosystem– Biome
EcosystemsEcosystems
• Organism = a single member of a species
• Population = many members of a species living together in one area
• Community = groups of different species living together in one area
EcosystemsEcosystems
• An ecosystem is the community plus all the different physical aspects of the habitat. This includes:– Abiotic (nonliving) factors such as rocks,
water, weather and soil.– Biotic (living) factors, which are all the living
organisms like plants, animals and bacteria.
• Biodiversity describes the number of species found within an ecosystem.
Desert Desert
OrganismOrganism::California QuailCalifornia Quail
PopulationPopulation::Several California QuailSeveral California Quail
CommunityCommunity::Quail, Hare & CoyoteQuail, Hare & Coyote
EcosystemEcosystem::Biotic + Abiotic FactorsBiotic + Abiotic Factors
Extinction Extinction
• One last term in natural selection is extinction (when a species disappears permanently).– Most extinctions are caused by natural
disasters, and/or humans.
Grizzly bear still alive and found in different parts of
world.Ursus horribilus
California GrizzlyUrsus californicus
Last one shot in 1922.
Keystone SpeciesKeystone Species
Flow of EnergyFlow of Energy
• Autotrophs, or Producers, are organisms who get their energy from non-living sources.
• Heterotrophs, or Consumers, are organisms who get their energy from other living, or once-living resources.
Flow of EnergyFlow of Energy• Chemosynthesis = a process where an organism
uses chemicals to make carbohydrates.• Example: CO2, H2O, H2S, O2 → Sugar Compounds
Food Chains & Food WebsFood Chains & Food Webs• Food Chains
show a sequence that links species by feeding relationships.
• Food Webs show complex networks of feeding relationships.
HerbivoresHerbivores only eat plants only eat plants
CarnivoresCarnivores only eat animals only eat animals
OmnivoresOmnivores eat plants & animals eat plants & animals
DetritivoresDetritivores eat dead organic eat dead organic mattermatter
Scavengers?Scavengers?
-Scavengers, such as vultures, are considered detritivores.
DecomposersDecomposers break down organic break down organic mattermatter
Trophic Levels:(nourishment or food levels)
→ Quaternary Consumer
→ Tertiary Consumer
→ Secondary Consumer
→ Primary Consumer
→ Producer
Energy Pyramids show transfer of energy in an ecosystem.
→ 6 Kilocalories
→ 60 Kilocalories
→ 600 Kilocalories
→ 6000 Kilocalories
Changing Population Changing Population SizesSizes
Rodent plague in South AustraliaRodent plague in South Australia
Changing EcosystemsChanging Ecosystems
• Succession = the gradual and sequential replacement of populations in an area.Pioneer species = first species to colonize a
new habitat.
Seral community = communities that come after pioneer species that gradually replace each other.
Climax community = community that remain stable as long as there is no disturbance.
• Primary Succession = from nothing to life
(can take a really long time)
• Secondary Succession = from disruption back to life
(doesn’t take as long)