introduction ature=relmfu ature=relmfu
TRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTIONhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwdPCWT
stBs&feature=relmfu
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Developed by D. Ann Currie , RN, MSN2012
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Nutritional Comparison: Breast Milk
90% waterSame weight gain or greater during first 3-4
monthsFat is variablePrimary carbohydrate is lactose, trace
amounts of other carbohydrates
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Components of Breast MilkWhey/Casein ratio changes according to
infant needsWhey components include alpha-lactalbumin,
serum albumin, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins, and lysozyme
Low in vitamin D, adequate vitamin C & B complex
Mineral content similarIron absorption: 50-60%
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Advantages of Breastfeeding
Species specificCholesterol in breast milk plays a role in
myelination and neurologic developmentMore efficient metabolism of cholesterolComposition varies according to gestational
ageIron is more readily absorbed
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Infant Benefits Reduced risk of
Type I or type II diabetes mellitusLymphoma, leukemia, & Hodgkin’s diseaseObesityHypercholesterolemiaAsthma
Protection fromRespiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract
infectionsNecrotizing enterocolitisUrinary tract infectionsOtitis mediaBacterial meningitis
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Maternal Physical Benefits Decreased postpartum bleedingMore rapid uterine involutionBurns additional caloriesDecreased risk of developing
Breast and ovarian cancer Postmenopausal osteoporosis
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Maternal Psychosocial Benefits
Improved maternal-infant attachmentSkin-to-skin contactTactile communicationLearn behavioral cues and needsProlactin increases feelings of relaxation and
euphoriaOxytocin heightens responsiveness and
receptivity toward infant
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Disadvantages to Breastfeeding
Pain due to nipple tendernessLeaking milk when breasts are fullEmbarrassment about breastfeedingFeeling tied down to the demands of
breastfeedingUnequal feeding responsibilities/fathers left outPerceptions about diet restrictionsLimited birth control options Vaginal drynessConcerns about the safety of medications and
breastfeeding
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Feeding Interventions: Birthing Room
Assess for signs of readiness to feedPlace newborn on mother’s chestBreastfeeding may begin in birthing roomAssess infant physiologic status during
feeding
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Feeding Interventions Monitor progressEducationAnticipatory guidanceEvaluate the need for follow-up after
discharge
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Infant Feeding EducationOn Demand” feeding patternInfant feeding cuesNormal feeding/sleeping patternsSatiety behaviorsGrowth patterns
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Breastfeeding Education PositioningLatchingBreast milk pumping and storage Supplementation
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Nutritional Comparison: Formula
90% waterGreater weight gain after 3-4 monthsLactose is only carbohydrate
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Components of Formula Whey/Casein ratio is 60:40Whey components are beta-lactoglobulin and
alpha-lactalbuminAdequate amounts of vitaminsMineral content similar
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Formula Feeding Education Intake and output expectationsPreparation and storage of formulaFeeding techniqueEquipmentSafety precautions
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Growth Rates Both breastfed and formula-fed infants
experience growth spurts requiring increased feedings
Breastfeeding mother should nurse more frequently
Formula feeding mother should slightly increase amount of feeding
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Influence of Culture on Infant Feeding
Perception of breasts as sexual organPerceptions of colostrumLanguage
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The End of Part IV
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QUESTIONS
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THANK YOU