The Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine EmpireChapter 11 Section 1Key TermsJustinianJustinian codeHagia SophiaPatriarchIconExcommunicationCyrillic alphabetA New Rome on a New SettingRoman Empire divided in 395Justinian 527Sent Belisarius to recover North AfricaTwo years later Belisarius attacked Rome

A New Rome in a New SettingSeized it from the OstrogothsJustinian armies won nearly all of Italy and parts of SpainByzantine Emperors rule with absolute powerHeaded the church and the state

A New Rome in a New SettingThey appointed and dismissed bishops at will89 Byzantine emperors 29 died violently13 left the throne for monasteries

Life in New RomeSeparate governmentsMost did not speak LatinMost spoke GreekJustinian code- single uniform code that consisted of four works

Justinian CodeCode has 5000 Roman lawsDigest-opinions of Romes greatest thinkers about law (50 volumes)The Institutes-textbook for law studentsThe Novellae-New laws, legislation after 534 Creating the Imperial CapitolJustinian rebuilt ConstantinopleViewed churches as the most visible sign of connection of church and stateHagia Sophia-hailed as the most splendid church in the Christian world

Creating the Imperial CapitolBuild new aqueductsPublic bathsCourts SchoolsHospitalsPreserved Greco-Roman cultureFamilies valued education

Constantinoples Hectic PaceMese- middle way runs through ConstantinopleMerchants line the streetsFree entertainment at the HippodromeRioters wanted Justinian overthrown30,000 rebels slaughtered

The Empire FallsJustinian dies 565Plague of JustinianCame from India10,000 people a day diedLasted till 700

The Empire FallsAttacks from East and WestLombards in the westAvars, Slavs, Bulgars from the northPersians in the EastAttacked ConstantinopleRussians and the TurksFought their way into Byzantine territory

The Empire FallsByzantines tried to protect their empire byBribesDiplomacyMilitary power7th centuryHerculias emperorProvinces became military districtsConstantinople fell in 1453

The Church DividesChristianity different in East and WestSaint Basil wrote how Christians should behave398 to 404 ChrysostomPatriarch-a leading bishop of the eastStill bowed to emperor

The Church Divides730 Emperor Leo III banned iconsIcons-religious images used by eastern ChristiansSaid it was idol worshipPeople rioted, clergy rebelledExcommunication-outcast of the church

The Church DividesPope excommunicates a Byzantine emperorTheodora restores icons1034- Pope and Patriarch excommunicate each otherRoman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox

Byzantine Missionaries Convert SlavsSaint Methodius and Saint Cyril worked with SlavsMade alphabet for Slavic languages Cyrillic Alphabet- written in Slav and RussianSlavs could read the Bible in their own tongue