chapter 12 employability skills health care science technology copyright © the mcgraw-hill...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 12Employability Skills
Health Care Science Technology
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 122 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Objectives
Name the skills needed by all health care workers.
Diagram the elements of communication.
State the rules of health care charting and telephone etiquette.
Chapter 123 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Objectives (cont.)
List the needed math, science, and technology skills.
Analyze the strategies for finding a job.
Prepare a résumé and cover letter.
Summarize how to approach a job interview.
Chapter 124 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Objectives (cont.)
Describe the procedure for leaving a job.
List the elements of professionalism.
Apply critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
Chapter 125 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Objectives (cont.)
State strategies for time and stress management.
Compare the characteristics of a good team member and a leader.
Explain the importance of respecting diversity.
Chapter 126 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Basic Skills for Health Technology 12-1
Skills for Every Worker Self-Evaluation Communication Math, Science, and Technology
Chapter 127 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Skills for Every Worker
Basic skills. Thinking skills. Personal qualities. Interpersonal skills.
Information skills. Systems. Resources. Technology utilization
skills.
The Secretary’s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS) has identified the following general workplace skills:
Chapter 128 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Skills for Every Worker (cont.)
Basic Skills:– Reading.– Writing.– Speaking.– Listening.– Knowing arithmetic and mathematical concepts.
Chapter 129 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Skills for Every Worker (cont.)
Thinking Skills:– Reasoning.– Making decisions.– Solving problems.– Thinking creatively.– Knowing how to learn.
Chapter 1210 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Skills for Every Worker (cont.)
Personal Qualities:– Responsibility.– Flexibility.– Honesty.– Reliability.– Commitment to quality and excellence.
Chapter 1211 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Skills for Every Worker (cont.)
Interpersonal Skills:– Negotiating.– Exercising leadership.– Participating as a team member.– Serving clients and customers.– Teaching others new skills.– Working with diversity.
Chapter 1212 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Skills for Every Worker (cont.)
Information Skills:– Obtaining and evaluating data.– Organizing and maintaining files.– Interpreting and communicating
information.– Using computers to process
information.
Chapter 1213 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Skills for Every Worker (cont.)
Systems:– Understanding systems.– Monitoring and correcting system
performance.– Improving and designing systems.
Chapter 1214 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Skills for Every Worker (cont.)
Resources:– Identifying.– Organizing.– Planning. – Allocating.
Money. Time. Energy. Materials. Workers.
Chapter 1215 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Skills for Every Worker (cont.)
Technology Utilization Skills:– Selecting technology.– Applying technology to a task. – Maintaining and troubleshooting
technology.
Chapter 1216 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Evaluation
Use tools available from your school counselor to evaluate your interests and abilities.
Maintain a positive attitude to contribute to your job satisfaction.
Chapter 1217 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Communication
Understanding how communication works can prevent miscommunication.
The 4 components of communication are: sender, message, receiver, and feedback.
Chapter 1218 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Communication (cont.)
Verbal and Nonverbal Communication– Verbal communication uses spoken or
written words.– Nonverbal communication uses a variety
of signals instead of words to provide information.
Chapter 1219 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Communication (cont.)
Feedback – tells the sender whether the receiver got the message.
Chapter 1220 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Communication (cont.)
Communication Problems– The health care worker must be
especially careful when communicating with clients since physical illness and emotional upset can interfere.
Chapter 1221 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Communication (cont.)
Good Communication– Listen to the client.– Provide feedback by
nodding and using other body language.
– Repeat the message by paraphrasing.
Chapter 1222 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Communication (cont.)
Charting – the chart is a legal document. Rules when charting:
– Use black ink, unless policy specifies otherwise.
– Initial or sign what you record.– Never leave space between what you charted
and your initials or signature.– List events in chronological order.
Chapter 1223 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Communication (cont.)
Rules when charting (cont.):– Never chart anything before you do it.– Do not white-out or scratch out errors.– Draw a single line through an error, write
“error” above it, and initial the error.– Be objective and precise. – Use only approved abbreviations.
Chapter 1224 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Communication (cont.)
Telephone Etiquette Rules:– Answer promptly.– Identify the facility or organization and
state your name.– Speak clearly and use a friendly,
professional tone.– Take a clear, concise message if the call is
for someone else.– Return calls as soon as practical.
Chapter 1225 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Math, Science, and Technology
Basic Math Skills – You must be able to: – Use the metric system.– Add, subtract, multiply, and divide.– Work with percentages and decimals.
Chapter 1226 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Math, Science, and Technology (cont.)
Basic Science Skills – Most health care technology workers need knowledge of:– Anatomy and physiology.– Biology.– Microbiology.– Chemistry.– Physics.
Chapter 1227 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Math, Science, and Technology (cont.)
Technology– All health care workers
must be able to use computers, including applications such as word processing, e-mail, and the Internet.
Chapter 1228 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Section 12-1 Apply Your Knowledge
List the rules for proper telephone etiquette.
Answer:• Answer promptly.• Identify the facility and state your name.• Speak clearly and use a friendly professional tone.• Take a clear, concise message if the call is for
someone else.• Return calls promptly.
Chapter 1229 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Getting a Job 12-2
Job-Seeking Strategies Résumés Cover Letters Portfolios The Interview Leaving a Job
Chapter 1230 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Job-Seeking Strategies
Job hunting – begins with selecting the classes you are going to take.
Approaches to getting a job include:– Employment agencies.– Classified advertisements.– Job fairs.
Chapter 1231 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Job-Seeking Strategies (cont.)
– The Internet Some classified
advertisements are posted on the Internet. Also, some companies list available jobs on their Web sites. Note that not all information is accurate and reliable.
Chapter 1232 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Job-Seeking Strategies (cont.)
– Personal ContactNothing will help you get a job better than
personal contact, such as letters of recommendation from influential people.
Chapter 1233 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Job-Seeking Strategies (cont.)
– Networking – the regular communication you have with your personal and professional contacts.
Chapter 1234 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Job-Seeking Strategies (cont.)
– Hiring PracticesMany laws, regulations,
and initiatives affect the way hiring is done.
Organizations may state in the job announcements that they do not discriminate based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, or disability.
Chapter 1235 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Résumés
A résumé is a brief description of your credentials.
Résumé writing general rules:– Use outline format.– Leave plenty of “white space” for an
uncluttered look.– Provide your name, address, phone number(s),
and e-mail address at the top of the page.
Chapter 1236 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Résumés (cont.)
Résumé writing general rules (cont.):– List information in chronological order
beginning with the most recent. – List your education.– List your work experience, including related
volunteer experience. When appropriate for the job, list activities, honors, and membership in organizations.
– Be sure that there are no errors in the document.
Chapter 1237 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Cover Letters
Cover Letter – briefly introduces you to a prospective employer. General guidelines include:– Address the letter to a specific person, if
possible.– Make sure that the letter is error-free and in
correct business letter format.– In the opening, state that you are applying for a
job, what job you are interested in, and how you heard about it.
Chapter 1238 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Cover Letters (cont.)
Cover letter general guidelines (cont.):– Briefly explain why you believe that you are
qualified for the job.– Use the letter to point out items on your
résumé that are especially relevant to the job.– End the letter with a statement indicating
your willingness to be interviewed and to provide additional information, including references.
Chapter 1239 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Portfolios
Portfolio – a collection of materials that exhibit your efforts, progress, and achievements. Sample items include:– Cover letter.– Table of contents.– Letter of introduction.– Academic and practical skills list.– Transcript.– Letters of recommendation.– Additional items that show your achievements.
Chapter 1240 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Interview
Interview Guidelines– Do your best and be honest.– Allow the employer to learn about you;
learn more about the employer and the job.– Expect critical thinking problems to be
presented to see how you conduct yourself under pressure.
Chapter 1241 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Interview (cont.)
Interview Guidelines (cont.)– Before the interview, research the
organization and position as thoroughly as possible.
– Treat everyone you encounter with respect and courtesy.
– Dress appropriately for the interview.– Be sure you are properly groomed for the
interview.
Chapter 1242 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Interview (cont.)
How would you answer these sample questions?– “Tell me how your background has prepared you
for this position.”– “Do you prefer working alone or as a member of a
team?”– “What is it about the position or our company that
attracts you?”– “How does this position fit into your long-term
plans?”– “Give me examples of how you have used the skills
required by this position in the past.”
Chapter 1243 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Leaving a Job
Most people will change jobs and even careers many times during their working lives.
To prepare for new opportunities:– Continuously improve your skills.– Learn new skills.– Keep up with technology.– Stay networked.
Chapter 1244 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Leaving a Job (cont.)
Guidelines – Give the employer time to replace you,
generally 2 weeks or more.– Provide written notification indicating your
last day of employment. – Thank the employer for the opportunities you
were given.
Chapter 1245 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Leaving a Job (cont.)
Guidelines (cont.)– Give the letter to your supervisor before
letting coworkers know you are leaving.– Offer to assist with the transition to a new
person during your remaining time on the job.– Get a new job before giving notice on the old
one.
Chapter 1246 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Section 12-2Apply Your Knowledge
Describe the content of a cover letter.
Answer:
States that you are applying for a particular job and how you heard about it. Briefly explains why you believe that you are qualified for the job.
Chapter 1247 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Successful Job Performance 12-3
Professionalism Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Time and Stress Management Performance Evaluations Teamwork Leadership Understanding and Respecting Diversity
Chapter 1248 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Professionalism
Professionalism includes:– Dependability – being timely and accurate.– Responsibility – being willing to be held
accountable for your actions.– Integrity – being honest and truthful.– Self-motivation – being willing to perform
work activities without constant direction or supervision.
Chapter 1249 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Professionalism (cont.)
Professionalism includes (cont.):– Discretion – using good judgment.– Patience – being tolerant of frustrating
people and situations.– Competence – being able to perform the job
effectively.– Contributions to the profession –
maintaining membership and active participation in professional organizations.
Chapter 1250 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
Critical thinking and problem solving involve the ability to:– Analyze situations.– Determine what aspects of a situation are
most important.– Reach conclusions that go beyond the
obvious.
Chapter 1251 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving (cont.)
– Identify the problem and define it clearly.
– Identify the circumstances that affect the problem.
– Clearly identify the objectives.
– Identify as many potential solutions as possible.
– Analyze the potential solutions and strategies.
– Implement the strategy that appears to be the best solution.
– Evaluate the results and repeat the steps as needed.
Step-by-Step Approach to Problem Solving
Chapter 1252 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Time and Stress Management
Time management tips:– Make a list of the tasks you need to do.– Put them in chronological order if
necessary.– Prioritize tasks according to their
importance.– Group tasks that fit together.– Allow time for the unexpected.– Start immediately on the highest priority
task.
Chapter 1253 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Time and Stress Management (cont.)
Stress management strategies:– Balance work with enjoyable non-work
activities.– Schedule “play” time as a routine part of
your activities, not as an “add-on.”
Chapter 1254 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Time and Stress Management (cont.)
Stress management strategies (cont.):– Schedule time for regular
exercise.– Eat nutritious meals and
avoid junk food.– Take time for specific
relaxation activities such as meditation.
– Avoid using alcohol or other drugs to attempt to relax.
Chapter 1255 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Performance Evaluations
Performance evaluations are usually done on an annual basis.
Informal feedback should be received on a regular basis.
Take pride in the things you do well and be willing to learn and improve. Do not be defensive.
Chapter 1256 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Teamwork
Ways to become a good team player:– Learn your personal
responsibilities and be dependable.
– Participate in the decision-making process.
– Once decisions are made, support those decisions.
Chapter 1257 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Teamwork (cont.)
– Do not violate your personal ethics.
– Take the initiative to do things even if they are not your direct responsibility.
– Help other people grow by teaching them.
– Share information that will help others be better at their job.
– Practice good communication skills.
– Be willing to accept change.
– Be assertive.– Be willing to accept input
from others.– Be honest.
Ways to become a good team player (cont.)
Chapter 1258 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Teamwork (cont.)
Personality traits that affect others in groups:– Passive – putting other’s needs
above your own.– Aggressive – putting your
needs ahead of others.– Assertive – respecting rights
and needs of others, while standing up for your own.
Chapter 1259 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Leadership
Traits of effective leaders include:– A desire to achieve personal and
organizational goals.– Confidence based on a true understanding of
a situation.– An ability to work with others and influence
them to accomplish goals.
Chapter 1260 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Leadership (cont.)
Traits of effective leaders (cont.) :– An ability to communicate appropriately.– An ability to accommodate change.– Integrity.– Willingness to accept responsibility.– Recognition that goals are achieved through
the efforts of the team.
Chapter 1261 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Leadership (cont.)
Team Building – leaders need to:– Make sure team members know their jobs and
carry out their responsibilities.– Encourage each member to contribute.– Foster good communication and mutual trust.– Help their team members set worthwhile and
attainable goals.
Chapter 1262 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Leadership (cont.)
Goal Setting – remember that:– Goals should be challenging but not impossible
to attain.– Individuals should have input into setting their
personal and team goals.– Goals need to be measurable.– Once goals have been set, a plan must be
developed to turn those goals into actions.– Leaders need to meet with individuals and
teams to evaluate progress.
Chapter 1263 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Understanding and Respecting Diversity
Diversity can mean differences in age, gender, race, ethnicity, physical ability, sexual preference, religious beliefs, values, goals, or personality.
Chapter 1264 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Understanding and Respecting Diversity (cont.)
To help you understand and respect diversity:– Increase your awareness of diversity.– Increase your awareness of your own
feelings. – Look at other people as individuals. – Value differences.– Provide quality services to people who are
different.
Chapter 1265 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Understanding and Respecting Diversity (cont.)
Sexual Harassment – unwanted communication or act of a sexual nature.
Chapter 1266 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Section 12-3Apply Your Knowledge
List some traits of a leader.
Answer:A good follower.A desire to achieve personal and organizational goals.Confidence based on a true understanding of a situation.A team player.An ability to communicate appropriately.Willingness to accept responsibility.
Chapter 1267 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 12 Credits
Slide 16 Terry Wild StudioSlide 21 Cliff MooreSlide 27 Will and Deni McIntyre/Photo
ResearchersSlide 31 David Kelly CrowSlide 34 Terry Wild StudioSlide 40 Lou Bopp PhotographySlide 41 Ariel Skelley/CORBISSlide 54 Lou Bopp PhotographySlide 56 Terry Wild StudioSlide 58 Kathy SloaneSlide 63 Lou Bopp Photography