Chapter 20 Industrial Growth

20-1 Railroads Spur Industry

How do railroads lead to tremendous industrial growth?

Write at least 3 lines…go!

A Network Of RailsA Network Of Rails Early RR lines were short Early RR lines were short

and served local and served local communities.communities.

Different lines used different Different lines used different gauges- or widthsgauges- or widths• In 1886 RR’s adopted the In 1886 RR’s adopted the

North’s gauges.North’s gauges. Once track was standardized Once track was standardized

the RR formed a the RR formed a network- network- or system of connected or system of connected lineslines all across the country. all across the country.

Different GaugesDifferent Gauges

New and Improved!New and Improved!

1864 1864 George George WestinghouseWestinghouse invented invented the the air brakeair brake..

• Allowed engineer to stop all Allowed engineer to stop all rail cars at once.rail cars at once.

• Much Safer!Much Safer!

New and Improved!New and Improved!

1864 George 1864 George Pullman Pullman invented the invented the sleeping car.sleeping car.

• Eventually they Eventually they added added bathrooms and bathrooms and dining cars as dining cars as well.well.

Stop and ThinkStop and Think

What was the significance of Railroad What was the significance of Railroad gauges being the same? gauges being the same?

List and explain 3 improvements List and explain 3 improvements made to trains during the late 1800s.made to trains during the late 1800s.

Cornelius VanderbiltCornelius Vanderbilt

one of the most one of the most powerful and powerful and influential men influential men in the RR in the RR businessbusiness• Used ruthless Used ruthless

and cut throat and cut throat tacticstactics

• Built a RR Built a RR EmpireEmpire

Consolidation Brings EfficiencyConsolidation Brings Efficiency

As RR companies grew they As RR companies grew they began to consolidate smaller began to consolidate smaller companiescompanies• Consolidate- combineConsolidate- combine• One company would buy up One company would buy up

competitioncompetition

Eliminating the CompetitionEliminating the Competition Before long, there was actually too Before long, there was actually too

much track.much track. RR’s were forced to grant RR’s were forced to grant rebates or rebates or

discountsdiscounts to the biggest customers. to the biggest customers. To end the cut throat competition To end the cut throat competition

they began pooling. they began pooling. • pool-pool- several RR companies agreed to several RR companies agreed to

divide up business in an area.divide up business in an area. The big companies even bribed the The big companies even bribed the

government.government.

Stop and ThinkStop and Think

Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt? What Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt? What was he known for?was he known for?

Explain how people like Vanderbilt Explain how people like Vanderbilt eliminated competition.eliminated competition.

HomeworkHomework

Begin working on your graffiti art booklet! Begin working on your graffiti art booklet!

Remember graffiti booklets are due Remember graffiti booklets are due Thursday 11/20/14.Thursday 11/20/14.