Chapter 3The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe and the Americas

Conquest in the Americas1

Hernan Periz de OlivaOnce explained voyages served…”to unite the

world and give to those strange lands the form of our own.”

Contextualization: Old vs New

Explain what de Oliva is saying.

Spain Establishes an Empire

Pizzaro Arrived in Peru Conquers the Incas Establishes the city of

Lima http://www.history.com/to

pics/maya/videos#gold-pizarros-mayan-conquest

http://www.history.com/topics/maya/videos#mayan-encounter

SPANISH INFLUENCE IN THE AMERICAS: All conquered great

wealth Colonized areas Made money based on

slave labor

Columbus Arrives in the West Indies Claims land for Sprain

Tainos: Conflict (ignorance)

Cortes Lands on the coast of Mexico

(Aztecs, Moctezuma) Heads for Tenochtitlan—capital

of the Aztec Empire Forms alliances with people he

conquers

Mayan Civilizations http://www.history.com/topi

cs/maya/videos#gold-pizarros-mayan-conquest

http://www.history.com/topics/maya/videos#apocalypse-island

Section 1 Check Point Questions

How did Spanish conquistadors treat the Tainos? Supporting evidence:

What impact did the Aztecs’ religious beliefs have on Cortes’s approach to Tenochtitlan? Supporting evidence:

What factors encouraged Spanish success in Peru? Supporting evidence:

In what ways did Native Americans resist Europeans? Supporting evidence:

Bernal Diaz…recounting impact of diseaseThe streets, the squares, the houses, and the

courts of Talteluco were covered with dead bodies: we could not step without treading on them and the stench was intolerable. Accordingly, they (the Indians) were ordered to remove to neighboring towns, and for three days and three nights all the causeways were full, from on end to the other, of men, women, and children so weak and sickly, squalid and dirty, and pestilential that it was a misery to behold them.

Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas

Spanish Influence in America

Governing the Empire1. Viceroys—Ruled in the

King’s name

2. Lesser officials or advisory councils

Catholic Church1. Converted native

Americans to Christianity

2. Built missions

3. Imposed European culture

4. Built Universities to educate priests

5. Built convents to educate women

2

Governing the Empire

Spanish Influence in AmericaTrade

1. Silver and gold shipped from the Americas to Spain

2. Passed laws that prohibited colonists from trading with other European nations

Labor1. Encomienda: Native

Americans forced into slave labor

2. Worked on plantations and in mines

3. African slaves were brought to the Americas

The Struggle for North AmericaEncomienda—the right to demand labor or

tribute from Native Americans in a particular place Spanish monarchs used this to force Native

Americans to work under the most brutal conditions.

This system was empowered to the conquistadors.

Bartolome de Las CasasLas Casas detailed the horrors that Spanish rule

had brought to Native Americans and pleaded the King to end abuse.

1542, Spain passes new laws forbidding enslavement and abuse to Native Americans.

How might these new laws be difficult to enforce?

Labor shortage: Las Casas recommended Spanish to import workers from Africa. Believed Africans were immune to tropical diseases

and had skills in farming, mining, and metal working.

A Layered SocietySpanish Colonial societies social

classes: Hierarchy Peninsulares: Born in Spain…filled the

highest positions in colonial government and Catholic Church

Creoles: American born descendants of Spanish…owned plantations, ranches, and mines.

Mestizos: Native American/European descent.

Mulattoes: African/European descent.

Peninsulares

Creoles

Mestizos

Mulattoes

Challenging Portugal and SpainPrivateers: pirates that operated with the

approval of European governments. Dutch, English, French pirates preyed on

treasure ships from the Americas.

Struggle for North America

Building New France Jacques Cartier: claimed much of eastern

Canada for France.

Why so slow New France? Harsh Canadian climate, with its long winters,

attracted few French peasants. Distracted by Wars on the home front Little success in converting Native Americans to

Christianity.

Why Fur? Climate made farming difficult, and European

demand for fur ensured good prices.

3

13 English ColoniesPilgrims: English Protestants that rejected the

Church of England. Wanted religious freedom.

Struggle for PowerSpain, France, England, Netherlands competed

for the colonies and around the world.

France vs England French and Indian War 7 Years War Britain and France fought in North America,

Europe, Africa, and Asia

Treaty of Paris: settled the global conflict. Britain gets North America east of Mississippi France gets Caribbean

Check Point Questions 3.3Why did French settlers abandon farming in

favor of fur trapping and trading?

For what reasons were the 13 English colonies established?

Why was the French and Indian War fought?

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Triangular Trade 4

Impact of Slave TradeBrought wealth to merchants and traders,

provided the labor that helped colonial economies grow.

Affect on Africans African States and societies were torn apart

Communities/Tribes Families

Life cut short or suffered through a brutal living/working conditions 20% Died during transport through middle

passage from Africa to America.

Section 4 Check Point ?’sHow did triangular trade affect colonial

economies?

How did enslaved Africans resist captivity?

How did the slave trade affect Africans?

Effects of Global Contact

Columbian ExchangeGlobal exchange that profoundly effected the

world.

Named after Christopher Columbus

5

Capitalism EmergesExpanded trade, increased money supply, and

a push from over seas empires spurred Capitalism. Economic system which most businesses are

owned privately.

Entrepreneurs: people who take on financial risk to make profits.

Legacy: Entrepreneurs and capitalists made up a new business class devoted to the goal of making profits.

Mercantilism ArisesEconomic policy encouraging a nation to export

more goods than it imports. Mercantilists believed that a nation’s real wealth

was measured in its gold and silver treasure.

Colonies role was to provide resources and raw materials not available in Europe. They would enrich the parent country by serving

as a market for its manufactured goods. European countries passed strict laws regulating

trade.

Section 5 Checkpoint ?’sWhy did the global population explode?

How did the “putting-out” system work?

How did the economic changes affect different Europeans?