Chapter 9Chapter 9Section 1Section 1The ProgressiveThe Progressive

MovementMovement

The Progressive SpiritThe Progressive Spirit

By the early 1900’s industrialization transformed By the early 1900’s industrialization transformed the United States the United States This led to unsafe working conditions and This led to unsafe working conditions and crowded cities crowded cities These problems started a spirit of reform known These problems started a spirit of reform known as progressivism as progressivism Where as the Populist Party focused on the rural Where as the Populist Party focused on the rural movement, movement, {{progressivismprogressivism focused on urban focused on urban issues}issues}{{Progressives Progressives sought to make the government more responsible for people}

A Dangerous WorkplaceA Dangerous Workplace

Progressives were concerned with the way Progressives were concerned with the way corporate America did businesscorporate America did business{{In 1910, 70% of American industrial workers In 1910, 70% of American industrial workers worked an average of worked an average of 54 hrs/wk.}54 hrs/wk.}These long hours increased the accident rates. In one steel mill 25% of its workers were injured or killed on the job every year between 1907 and 1910Progressives pushed for an 8 hour work day, a minimum wage, safer conditions & ending child labor

The Triangle Shirtwaist BuildingThe Triangle Shirtwaist BuildingThe next slide is kind of gruesome don’t look if you don’t want to see itThe next slide is kind of gruesome don’t look if you don’t want to see it

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire AftermathAftermath

Social ProblemsSocial Problems

The Social Gospel movement sided with The Social Gospel movement sided with the progressives reform ideasthe progressives reform ideasSocial Gospel activists put religion into the Social Gospel activists put religion into the issue urging people to ask themselves issue urging people to ask themselves “What would Jesus do?” This had a “What would Jesus do?” This had a profound effect on many business ownersprofound effect on many business owners{{Walter RauschenbuschWalter Rauschenbusch wrote the Social Gospel novel Christianity and the Social Crisis} where he urged Christians to become involved in social issues as an extension of their love for God.

The Muckraking PressThe Muckraking PressProgressive journalists helped spread the Progressive journalists helped spread the message of reform message of reform Journalists who investigated and exposed the Journalists who investigated and exposed the “filth” of society were called “filth” of society were called muckrakersmuckrakers{Muckraking journalism first appeared with the publication of “Tweed Days in St. Lewis” in McClure’s magazine McClure’s magazine written by Lincoln Lincoln SteffensSteffens} {Some muckrakers enjoyed having the reputation of being tough reporters who revealed the injustices in the world. Others disliked the term because they wanted to be known as reporters who sis not just go after the sensational stories but tried to report fairly about all news.}

Muckrakers LINCOLN STEFFENS Muckrakers LINCOLN STEFFENS & IDA TARBELL& IDA TARBELL

Writing and Social Problems Writing and Social Problems

In 1904 Lincoln Steffens wrote about In 1904 Lincoln Steffens wrote about urban political corruption in urban political corruption in The Shame of The Shame of the Citiesthe CitiesPublished in 1908 Published in 1908 {{Ray Stannard BakerRay Stannard Baker wrote Following the Color Line, a book about a lynching in Springfield, Ohio}In 1912 {Theodore Dreiser Theodore Dreiser described workers brutalized by greedy business owners in the novel Sister Carrie}

Writers Continued….Writers Continued….

Progressive intellectuals proposed Progressive intellectuals proposed alternatives to the ideas that fierce alternatives to the ideas that fierce competition was the best route for social competition was the best route for social progressprogress

Herbert Croly believed the government Herbert Croly believed the government should use its powers to promote the should use its powers to promote the welfare of all its citizenswelfare of all its citizens

Review QuestionsReview QuestionsWhat did progressivism focus on?What did progressivism focus on?

What did Progressives What did Progressives want to make the government more responsible for?

In 1910, 70% of American industrial workers In 1910, 70% of American industrial workers worked an average of how many hrs/wk?worked an average of how many hrs/wk?

What type of journalism first appeared with the publication of “Tweed Days in St. Lewis” in McClure’s magazine McClure’s magazine written by Lincoln SteffensLincoln Steffens

Why did some of the Journalists not like being Why did some of the Journalists not like being called muckrakers?called muckrakers?

Ray Stannard BakerRay Stannard Baker wrote Following the Color Line, what was it about?

Consequence of not trying in schoolConsequence of not trying in school