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CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

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Page 1: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

CHAPTER FIVE:Diversity and the Effects of Culture

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Page 2: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice 14th EditionGloria J. Galanes & Katherine Adams

Diversity4-2

Differences among group membersCulture, ethnicity, religion, etc.GenderSexual orientationPersonality and learning styleDifferences of opinion

Page 3: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice 14th EditionGloria J. Galanes & Katherine Adams

Homogeneity4-3

Groups composed of members who are similar or alike in group characteristics

Groups composed of members who are different on one or more dimensions

Heterogeneity

Page 4: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

A group member’s culture is a major input variable that aids in determining that member’s behavior

The workplace is beginning to be characterized by unprecedented diversity

Page 5: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice 14th EditionGloria J. Galanes & Katherine Adams

Diversity Advantages4-5

Diversity can enhance a group’s performance, as long as members can integrate their perspectives ….provided members give up their ethnocentricity (the belief that one’s own culture is inherently superior)

Page 6: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice 14th EditionGloria J. Galanes & Katherine Adams

Motives for Joining4-6

Task-oriented individualsFocus: on control & achievementTask is reason for group’s existence

Relationally-oriented individualsValue human relationships more than

task

Page 7: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice 14th EditionGloria J. Galanes & Katherine Adams

Learning Styles4-7

Concrete-experiencePrefers learning by participating/doing

Reflective-observationPrefers thinking reflectively

Abstract-conceptualizationPrefers reading/solitary study

Active-experimentingPrefers trying different approaches

Page 8: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice 14th EditionGloria J. Galanes & Katherine Adams

Personality Differences4-8

Myers-BriggsMeasure of personality - classifies into 16 personality types according to scores on four dimensions: Extraversion/Introversion Sensing/Intuiting Thinking/Feeling Perceiving/Judging

Page 9: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice 14th EditionGloria J. Galanes & Katherine Adams

Culture4-9

Culture: System of values, beliefs, symbols, norms, and behaviors shared by an identifiable group of individuals

Co-culture : group that sees itself as distinct, but also part of larger grouping

Affects everything you do, particularly how you communicate.

Page 10: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice 14th EditionGloria J. Galanes & Katherine Adams

Dimensions of Culture4-10

Collectivism and IndividualismCollectivist cultures value the group over the individual

Individualist cultures value the individual over the group

Page 11: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice 14th EditionGloria J. Galanes & Katherine Adams

4-11

Power Distance (how power or status differences are minimized or maximized)High Power distance cultures place a lot of emphasis on status differences

Low Power distance cultures tend to have a more equitable view

Dimensions of Culture, 2

Page 12: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice 14th EditionGloria J. Galanes & Katherine Adams

4-12

Low and High ContextLow context cultures emphasize direct messages

High context cultures emphasize the situation to understand the meaning of the message

Dimensions of Culture, 3

Page 13: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Racial and EthnicGender

Learned characteristics of masculinity and femininity

SexInherent biological characteristics of

male and female with which people are born

Differences

Page 14: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Communication Styles: Men & Women

Expressive/Instrumentalo Expressive: feelings, relationshipso Instrumental: accomplishing task

Task/Relationshipo Task: tasko Relationship: making sure members

OK

Page 15: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

• ForcefulnessoTalking, interrupting, claiming personal space, calling attention to self

Individual/GroupIndividual: focus on personal status

Group: focus on group’s accomplishments

Communication Styles: Men & Women, 2

Page 16: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice 14th EditionGloria J. Galanes & Katherine Adams

Generational Differences4-16

Co-cultural differences based on ageBuilder generation: 1901-1945; World War II & Depression

Boomer generation: 1946-1964; Vietnam, Civil Rights, social upheaval of 60s

Page 17: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice 14th EditionGloria J. Galanes & Katherine Adams

4-17

Gen-X: 1965-1981; Watergate, mistrust, parental divorce

Millennial/Net: 1982-2000; technology, information/digital revolution

Generational Differences, 2

Page 18: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice 14th EditionGloria J. Galanes & Katherine Adams

Bridging Differences4-18

Mindful Communication Open to multiple perspectives, see world

from differing viewpointsFantasy

Discussion not focused on task Symbolic convergence: creation of shared

meaning through talk Fantasy chain: group storytelling

Manifest (surface) Latent (underlying)

Page 19: CHAPTER FIVE: Diversity and the Effects of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved

Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice 14th EditionGloria J. Galanes & Katherine Adams

4-19

Appreciate diversity’s valueAcknowledge differencesTalk openlyForm group identityGood communication to build collective competence

Principles for Bridging Differences


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