chapter four: socialization chapter four: socialization
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter Four:
Socialization
Chapter Four:
Socialization
Socialization
Nature
Heredity
Inborn
Genetic code for behavior
Nurture
Social environment
Social interaction
Behaviors are learned
What is Human What is Human Nature?Nature?
Controversy surrounding this question Heredity or Environment? Identical Twins
Adriana and Tamara Jack and Oskar
Controversy surrounding this question Heredity or Environment? Identical Twins
Adriana and Tamara Jack and Oskar
Socialization
Sociobiology
Who we are and what we do is influenced by the following:
Genetic traits and characteristics
Environment
What we learn in interaction with others.
What is Human What is Human Nature?Nature?
Socialization
Feral Children
Children found in the wilderness
“The Wild Boy of Aveyron, France” 1798
Isolated Children
A child who has had no contact with the outside world or no social interaction with others.
Anna was found in early 1940’s locked in the attic
Isabelle discovered in Ohio in 1938
Socialization
Experimental Group
13 infant whose mental retardation was very obvious and no one wanted to adopt them.
2 ½ years later Gained an average of 28 IQ points
20 years later
Control Group
12 infants remained in the orphanage
These children were also retarded, but they were considered to have higher intelligence
2 ½ years later Lost 30 IQ points
20 years later
Skeels & Dye Experiment
Socialization
In Sum…
...Society Makes Us Human
6
High intelligence depends on early, close relations with other
humansSOCIALIZATION
A process in which we learn and internalize the attitudes,
values, beliefs and norms of our culture and develop a sense
of self.
Socialization
Institutionalized Children
1930’s Research on Orphanages Low IQs It was believed that children were born mentally retarded
Skeels & Dye (psychologists) believed there are social causes that led to mental retardation Use Experimental Design to test theory
Socialization
Socialization
C
hildren go through three stages in the development of the
selfT
he process by which children learn to take the role of the
otherS
ignificant Others
G
eneralized Others 9
Mead and Role Taking Mead and Role Taking (Socialization Process)(Socialization Process)
Socialization
Under age 3Under age 3Under age 3Under age 3
Age 3 to 6Age 3 to 6Age 3 to 6Age 3 to 6
After age 6 or 7After age 6 or 7After age 6 or 7After age 6 or 7
Socialization
Children go through a natural process as they learn how to reason
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yhXjJVFA14
Piaget’s Cognitive Development
1. Sensorimotor From birth to about age 2 2. Preoperational Age 2 to 7 3. Concrete Operational Age 7 to 12 4. Formal Operational After the age 12
Socialization
Stages of Moral Development
Kohlberg’s Moral Development
1. Preconventional2. Conventional3. Postconventional
Socialization
Personality consist of three elements
1.Each child is born with id
2.Superego
3.Ego
The struggle between the Id and SuperegoThe struggle between the Id and Superego The struggle between the Id and SuperegoThe struggle between the Id and Superego
Socialization
Every society has institutionalized ways of carrying out the process of socialization
Those groups and institutions that both informally an formally take on the task of socialization
Socialization
Socialization
G
ender Messages in the Family
T
he Peer Group
G
ender Messages in the Mass Media Television and Movies
Video Games 16
Gender Gender MessagesMessages
Socialization
S
ociologists Do Not Think So
S
ocialization is Powerful, but the Self is
Dynamic
I
ndividuals Are Actively Involved in the
Construction of the Self
17
Are We Prisoners of Are We Prisoners of Socialization?Socialization?