chapter outline chapter 21: the americas, 1650-1825: from european dominance to independence ©2006,...

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

Chapter Outline

Chapter 21: The Americas, 1650-1825: From European Dominance to Independence

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I. The Iberian Colonies: 1650-1789II. The West IndiesIII. Breaking Away: The U.S.IV. Haiti: The First Successful Slave RevolutionV. The Latin American Revolutions

Brummett, et al ,Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins


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I. The Iberian Colonies: 1650-1789

A. The Spanish EmpireAdministration

system of fortsHapsburgsBourbons

centralization

B. Society1. Peninsulares or europeos2. creoles3. mestizos, mulattoes, zambos4. slavesConversion

Dominicans, Franciscans

C. Economics

D. BrazilTreaty of Tordesillas, 1494Sugar

1560: 2,000 tons1600: 14,000

Iberian Colonies, c. 1700



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II. The West Indies

English: Saint Christopher, Barbados, Santa-Lucia,

St. Kitts, Nevis, Monteserrat, Antigua, Bahamas

1655, Cromwell, Jamaica

Dutch: Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire

French: part of St. Kitts, Martinique, Dominique,

Guadeloupelater: Tortuga, Santo Domingo

Indentures

The West Indies, c. 1700



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III. Breaking Away: The U.S.

A. A New Consciousness

Restoration> rebels flee

Glorious Revolution> Catholics flee

Effects of Locke, etc.

1763, practical autonomy



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III. Breaking Away: The U.S.B. The Roots of Rebellion

Seven Year's WarPeace of Paris, 1763

Grenville program1764, Sugar Act1765, Stamp Act

> "Stamp Act Congress"

Charles Townshend (1725-67)Chancellor of the Exchequernew duties

Samuel Adams (1722-1803)protests1770, Boston Massacre

Lord North (1732-92)chief ministerconcessions to East India

Company> Boston Tea Party

C. The Revolutionary War

1774, First Continental Congress, Philadelphia

> Lexington, Concord, Revolution

George Washington (1732-99)

1781, Surrender at YorktownTreaty of Paris, 1783

D. Creating a Naton

Articles of Confederationratified, 1781

Daniel Shays (1747-1825)rebellion



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III. Breaking Away: The U.S.

E. The Constitution of the U.S.

Federalist Papers

Montesquieu, separation of powers

Federalists v. Anti-Federalists

Constitution adopted, 1788

F. From Theory to Reality1789, George Washington

elected1803, Napoleon sells Louisiana

G. Unfulfilled DreamsSlaveryNative Americans



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IV. Haiti: The First Successful Slave Revolution

A. The French Revolution's Impact

1789, news of French Revolution

> uprisings on Santo Domingo, Martinique

National Constituent Assembly

Amis des Noirs

attack slavery

B. Toussaint Louverture and Haitian Independence

Revolutionary War

Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines

1793, slaves freed

1797, Louverture commander-in-chief

1802, Napoleon re-imposes slavery

Louverture captured

1804, independence



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V. The Latin American Revolutions

A. Revolutions in Mexico and Central American

1808, Napoleon ousts kings of Spain and Portugal

B. Fracture Zones and Frustrations

Three separate conflicts:1. Mexico

1810, Peasant Uprising1821, conservative coup

2. Simón Bolívarpart of South and Central

America3. San Martín

lower South America

Three influential events:1. Ferdinand VII's eviction, 18082. Restoration, 18143. 1820, Spanish liberal revolution

Independence movementmix of civil war and revolution



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C. Mexico

Miguel Hidalgo (1753-1811)Dia del Grito, Sept. 16, 1810leads rebels to Guanajuato

José María Morelos (1765-1815)priest, mestizo

Augustin de Iturbide (1783-1824)

August, 1821, independence

Iturbide, 10 months as emperor

Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794-1876)

president, dictator



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D. Simón Bolívar and the Northern RevoltSimón Bolívar (1783-1830)

in Paris during Directory"the Liberator"declares war against Spain, 1813

E. José de San Martín and Southern Independence

José de San Martín (1778-1850)with Bernardo O'Higginsliberation of Chile, 1817meets with Bolívar

BrazilKing John VI of Portugal

rules from Rio de Janeiro1807-1831

1821, to Portugalson, Dom Pedro rules

1822, Pedro takes over1831, abdicates for Pedro II



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F. The Consequences of the Revolutions

Economic ties remainChurch shatteredMonroe Doctrine, 1823

chapter outline chapter 21: the americas, 1650-1825: from european dominance to independence ©2006,...

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