Characteristics of Animals

MulticellularHeterotrophsMost reproduce sexually; some asexual Move at some point in their lives

Animals need to obtain water, food , and oxygen from their environment

An adaptation is a characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment or reproduce.

Herbivores are animals that eat only plants.

Herbivores

Carnivores are animals that eat only other animals.

Other examples of carnivores.

Omnivores are animals that eat both plants and animals.

Look at these pictures. Can you decide what type of food each animal eats?

Classification of Animals

Vertebrates-An animal that has a backboneEx: fish

Invertebrate-An animal without a backbone. 95% of animals are invertebrates. Ex: worm

Bilateral symmetry- an object has a line that divides the object into halves that are mirror images.

Radial symmetry- many line(s) of symmetry that all go through a central point.

Animals with radial symmetry

Live in the waterDo not move very fastDo not have distinct front or back endsStay in one spot or move with currentsAre able to sense their environment in all directions.

Animals with bilateral symmetry

Larger and more complexHas a front end that goes first as the animal movesMove quickly and efficientlyHave sense organs in their front end(All vertebrates have bilateral symmetry)

Bilateral symmetry can be an advantage to a predator because:

These animals are larger and more complex.They are streamlined and balanced.They have a front end that moves first making them faster and more efficient.They have sense organs on their front end to pick up information.

Alphabet

Bilateral Symmetry-A,B,C,D,E,H,I,K,M,O,T,U,V,W,X,YRadial Symmetry-

O,X

Phylum Porifera

Means “having pores”.

Sponges

Asymmetry-no symmetryLack tissue and organsA hollow tube covered by pores

Structure of a Sponge

Incurrent Pores

Water enters the sponge through incurrent pores lining the outside of the sponge. Food and oxygen brought into the sponge.

Excurrent Pore

Also called the osculum. Water exits the sponge carrying away waste. After reproduction, carries the swimming larva away from the parent.

Spicules

Sponges are classified into groups by the type of minerals that make up the spicules. Spicules give the sponge support and protects the sponge.

Collar cells

Line the incurrent pores. Contain whip-like flagella that beat creating a current.

A sponge 10cm tall and 1 cm in diameter pumps about 22.5L of water through its body each day!

Anatomy of a Sponge

Various types of sponges

Red Tree Sponge

Sponges

Tube Sponge Vase Sponge

Phylum Cnidaria

Members are carnivoresHave stinging cells to capture their prey and defend themselvesTwo body plans: polyp and medusaRadial symmetry

Body forms

Examples of Cnidarians

Hydra

Other Cnidarians

JellyfishPortuguese man-of-war

Other examples of cnidarians

Anemones

Cnidarians

                           

Coral

More photos of coral

                           

Brain coral

Formation of coral reefs

Over time as the coral polyps die, their skeletons remain behind. Rocklike masses called reefs form after thousands of years. The Great Barrier Reef near Australia is about 2,000 kilometers long.

Importance of coral reefs

Home to more species of fishes and invertebrates than any other environment on Earth.