china: gef dioxin reduction from the pulp and paper ... · cleaner production technology reform for...

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�China: GEF Dioxin Reduction from the Pulp and Paper Industry

Project(P125528)�

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

for

Technical Upgrade of Yueyang Paper Mill

(Cleaner Production Technology Reform Reed Pulp Chemical

Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd)

Hunan Provincial Research Institute of Environmental Protection

January 2012

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Compiler: Hunan Provincial Research Institute of Environmental Protection

Certificate No.: Guo Huan Ping Zheng A [2702]

Legal Representative: Ma Chao

Project Manager: Xiang Renjun (Registered EIA Engineer A27020020300)

RegistrationCategory: Textile and Light Industry

Compiling Team:

Name List of Compiling Team

Name Post License No. Task Assigned Signature

Xiang Renjun Researcher Registered EIA Engineer

(A2702020020300)

Engineering

analysis

Peng Chao Senior Engineer Registered EIA Engineer

A27020261600

Final Report,

analysis of

atmosphere

environmental

impact

Li Caiyan Engineer Huang Ping Gang Zheng Zi

No.A27020075

Analysis of noise

environmental

impact, public

participation

Cheng Yi Engineer Huang Ping Gang Zheng Zi

No.A27020067

Environmental

status, analysis of

water

environmental

impact

Report examination: Liu Jiawen (Registered EIA Engineer A27020060400)

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Table of Contents

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1 OVERVIEW 1

1.1 Project Background 1

1.2 Compilation Basis 2

1.3 EIA Goals and Principles 5

1.4 EIA Classification and Scope 6

1.5 Key Tasks and Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment 8

1.6 Environmental Protection Goals and Sensitive Points 9

2 ANALYSIS OF SUBSTITUTION PLAN AND TECHNOLOGY REFORM PROJECT 18

2.1 Pre-Reform Overview 18

2.2 Analysis of Technology Reform Project 51

2.3 Overall Discharge of Main Pollutants Before and after Technology Reform 70

2.4 Conformity of Technology Reform to Industry Planning and Environmental

Protection Policies

72

3 REGIONAL OVERVIEWS 74

3.1 Basic Facts of National Environment 74

3.2 Overview of Social Environment 80

4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT 83

4.1 Quality Monitoring and Assessment of Water Environment 83

4.2 Quality Monitoring and Assessment of Atmospheric Environment 93

4.3 Quality Monitoring and Assessment of Noise Environment 111

4.4 Survey and Assessment of Groundwater Quality 112

5 THE PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 115

5.1 The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact during Construction 115

5.2 The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact at the Operation Stage 118

6 MEASURES TO MITIGATE IMPACT 125

6.1 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Pollution during Construction Period 125

6.2 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Waste Water during Operation Period 127

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6.3 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Gas Pollution during Operation Period 129

6.4 Mesures to Mitigate Impact of Noise Pollution during Operation Period 129

6.5 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Solid Waste Pollution during Operation Period 130

7 ASSESSEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK 133

7.1 Risk Assessment Level 133

7.2 Environmental Risk Identification 135

7.3 Analysis of Source Terms and Calculation of Consequences 150

7.4 Prevention and Emergency Measures for Environmental Risk 154

7.5 Emergency Rescue Plan for Accidents 160

7.6 Risk Assessment Conclusion 165

8 CLEANER PRODUCTION, STANDARDIZED EMISSION AND TOTAL AMOUNT CONTROL 167

8.1 Cleaner Production 167

8.2 Standardized Emission 172

9 ANALYSIS ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON ECONOMIC COST BENEFIT 175

9.1 Analysis on Economic Benefits 175

9.2 Environmental Benefits Analysis 176

10 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 177

10.1 Purpose and Role of Public Participation 177

10.2 Mode and Content of Public Participation 177

10.3 Objects of the Investigation 182

10.4 Statistics of the Investigation Results 182

10.5 Analysis on Public Opinion 190

10.6 Statistics and Analysis of Group Opinions 190

11 PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING 191

11.1 Enterprise Environmental Management 191

11.2 Monitoring Plan 191

12 ANALYSIS ON THE COMPATIBILITY WITH RELATED INDUSTRIAL POLICIES AND

RATIONALITY OF THE SITE SELECTION AND POSITION

195

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RATIONALITY OF THE SITE SELECTION AND POSITION

12.1 Compatibility with Related Industrial Policies and Planning 195

12.2 Environmental State and Environmental Impact of the Project 198

12.3 Analysis on the Rationality of the Plan Layout 198

13 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 200

13.1 Survey of the Project 200

13.2 Analysis of the Project 200

13.3 State of the Environment 200

13.4 Environmental Feasibility Analysis on the Project Construction 201

13.5 Conclusion on Overall Assessment 203

13.6 Recommendations 204

Map 1: Location of the Project Site

Map 2: Surface Water Quality Sampling Sites

Map 3: Environmental Sensitive Areas

Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd

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1 Overview

1.1 Project Background

Forest & Paper Co., Ltd was initially a plant named Hunan Yueyang Forest & Paper

Co., Ltd Plant established in 1958, and it was initiated and founded by Hunan Tiger Forest

& Paper (formerly Yueyang Forest & Paper) Group Co., Ltd in September 2009 as

approved by Hunan Provincial People’s Government in The “Official Reply of Hunan

Provincial People’s Government Concerning the Consent of the Establishment of

Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd” (Xiang Zheng Han [2000] 149).

The Company is located in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, a place called

Sanjiangkou at Chenglingji, the confluence of Dongtinghu Lake and Yangtze River , also

next to two 5,000-T foreign trade docks. The land and water traffic is well developed with

the north connection to the “Golden Waterway” of Yangtze River, the west corridor to the

vast water of Dongtinghu Lake, the east neighbor of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-

Zhuhai Expressway and National Road No. 107.

The Company’s core business is the production and distribution of cultural and

printing paper, mainly including 30 types of products in five categories: light-weight

coating paper (LWC), pigment offset paper, colorful supercalender paper, light-weight

printing paper, etc. that are extensively used for the printing of high-end books and

magazines. The well-known brand has gained a reputation in China, the series products of

“Yueyanglou” pigment offset paper has won the “National Golden Prize” and the title of

“National Consumer Satisfaction Product”. “Tiger·Ya” LWC paper and “Tiger·Ya” offset

paper have won the title of “Hunan Famous Brand Product”. In 2000, the Company passed

the ISO9001-2000 International Quality System certification; in January 2006, the

Company succeeded in the “Triad System” certification, i.e., ISO9001-2000 Quality

System, ISO14001 Environmental Management System, GB/T28001 Occupational Health

and Safety Management System.

The area near Dongtinghu Lake, where Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd is located,

has abundant resources that may be used as raw material for paper making, such as

populus euramevicana, pinus massonoana, pinus elliottii engelm, dioscorea villosa and

bamboo. By implementing the State Council’s policy of “Conversion of Farmland to

Lakes and Forests” and adhering to the principle of “Forestry-Paper Integration”, the

Company has successfully realized 863,700mu forest plantation and developed a benign

circulation of “Mutual Development of Forestation and Papermaking”, which has won

itself the title of “Dragon Enterprise” of forest industry in Hunan Province. Based on its

strong capability of technology R&D, the Company has taken the lead in China in

developing a series of new products, such as 45g/m2 low-basis-weight high-quality color

printing newsprint, refined high-whiteness color printing newsprint, light-weight coating

paper, light-weight printing paper and pigment offset paper, in which high-quality color

printing newsprint, refined high-whiteness color printing newsprint, light-weight coating

Yueyang


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paper and light-weight printing paper have respectively won the title of “National Key

New Product”. The Project of “Populus Euramevicana APMP New Technology of Pulp

Making and Application” won the second prize of “2003 National Science and

Technology Progress”; in recent years, a series of above-provincial-level key technology

invention programs have been implemented, by the end of 2006, the Company has

developed 3 national-level new products and 20 provincial-level new products; the

Company has applied for 26 patent rights, in which 15 have won national patent rights; the

Company has also won 1 national prize of science and technology progress and 6

provincial and ministerial prize of science and technology progress. The Company’s

current production capacity is 570,000t/a, including 7 production lines for producing 4

types of pulp: bleached wood pulp, bleached reed pulp, aspen bleached chemi-mechanical

pulp and deinked pulp. In addition, the Company is capable of producing 800,000t/a paper

by using the self-produced pulp and purchased pulp board, such as newsprint, low-basis-

weight coating paper and pigment offset paper, with corresponding facilities of alkali

recovery system and co-generation unit.

The productivity of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd’s reed pulp making unit is

180t/d, a traditional sulfate intermittent cooking process, and the bleaching system is an

outdated process of element-chlorine- containing bleaching that produces large amount of

wastewater containing chlorinated organic compounds (AOX), which has not only caused

high-volume wastewater discharge per unit product, the high content of inorganic and

organic substances is also a problem: much higher content of AOX than the index of

newly added pollutants control, a standard of environmental protection control that is to be

implemented in the near future. In order to meet the standard, the Company is planning to

conduct technology reform for the bleaching unit, i.e., to eliminate the existing production

line of chlorine gas bleaching and replace CEH bleaching by ECF bleaching. After the

Project construction, the concentration of organic compounds in the wastewater from the

pulp bleaching process shall be reduced significantly, Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd

shall realize the development in a way of high level, low consumption and small pollution.

The goal of the Project construction is to prevent and reduce the generation of pollutants

from the source and reduce the need of external treatment, so as to realize the reduction of

the production cost and cleaner production.

According to the “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”,

the “Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China” and the

“Regulation on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection” ,

Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd consigned Hunan Provincial Research Institute of

Environmental Protection to fulfill the task of environmental impact assessment of the

“Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of

Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd” and compile the Environmental Impact Report. The

Institute accepted the consignment and conducted onsite investigation and collected data

related the Project’s technology reform. As required, the Task Force conducted

environmental quality survey and invited public participation in the investigation, the

Environmental Impact Report has been finished based on the relevant data collected by the

Task Force.


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1.2 Compilation Basis

1.2.1 Applicable Environmental Protection Laws and Regulations

1. “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” (December

26, 1989)

2. “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of

Water Pollution” (revised on September 5, 2007)


Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste” (December 29, 2004)


Atmospheric Pollution” (April 29, 2000)


Environmental Noise Pollution” (March 1, 1997)

6. “Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Nature Reserves” (October

9, 1994)

7. “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protection of Wild Animals”

(November 8, 1988)

8. “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Land Administration” ( August 29,

1998)

9. “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Soil and Water Conservation”

(June 29, 1991)

10 “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Energy Conservation” (January 1,

1998)

11. “Implementation Rules of the ‘Law of the People’s Republic of China on

Prevention and Control of Water Pollution’” (State Council Order No. 284)

12 “Cleaner Production Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China” (PRC

President Order 72, June 29, 2002)

13. “Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China”

(PRC President Order No. 77, October 28, 2002)

14. “Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental

Protection” (State Council Order No. 253)

15. “Decision of the State Council on Several Issues Concerning Environmental

Protection” (GuoFa [1996] 31)

16. “Classified Catalogue for Construction Project Environmental Protection”

(SEPA Order No. 14, October 13, 2002)

17. “The ‘10th Five-Year Plan’ and 2010 Special Plan for National Forestry-Paper

Integration Construction” (2004)

18. “The Outline of the ‘10th Five-Year Plan’ and 2015 Planning” by the State

Administration of Forestry


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19. “The Overall Plan for Key Area Construction Project of Fast-Growing & High-

Yielding Forest Base” by the State Administration of Forestry

20. “Notification of Several Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Material

Forest Base for Paper Industry” (SPC General Office [2001] 141, State Planning

Commission, Ministry of Finance, State Administration of Forestry)

21. “Opinion on Strengthening the Work of Industry Water Conservation” by State

Economic and Trade Commission and other five ministries (SETC Resource [2000] 1015,

October 25, 2000)

22. “Guiding Catalogues for Adjustment of Industry Structure (2011)”

23. “Paper Industry Development Policy” (NDRC Bulletin [2007] 71)

24. The State Council’s “Decision on Implementing Scientific Outlook on

Development and Strengthening Environmental Protection” (GuoFa [2005] 39)

25. “The Notice on Strengthening EIA Management and Preventing

Environmental Risks” by the Ministry of Environmental Protection (HuanFa [2005] 152)

26. “The Notice on Printing and Distributing ‘Special Action Plan of Pollution

Control for Hunan Province Paper Industry’” (XiangZhengBanMingDian [2007]208)

27. “The Notice of Hunan Provincial Economic Commission on Printing and

Distributing the ‘11th Five-Year Plan of Structural Adjustment for Hunan Province Paper

Industry’” (HNEC Investment [2009] 12)

28. The Notification on the Publication of the Tenth Batch of Projects (Paper

Manufacturers) for Undertaking Environmental Pollution Treatment Within a Prescribed

Limitsof Time” (XiangHuanFa [2009] 37)

29. “Yueyang City Overall Urban Planning” (2003-2020)

30. “Regulations on the Safety Administration of Dangerous Chemicals” (State

Council Order No. 344, January 26, 2002)

31. “The Implementation Rules of the ‘Regulations on the Safety Administration

of Dangerous Chemicals’” (HuaLaoFa [1992] 6777)

32. “Environmental Assessment for the World Bank Business Policies and

Procedures OP/BP4.01”

33. “2002 World Bank Information Disclosure Policy”

1.2.2 Technical Basis

1. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---General

Rules” (HJ/T2.1-1993)

2. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Atmospheric

Environment” (HJ/T2.2-2008)

3. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Surface Water

Environment (HJ/T2.3-1993)

4. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Acoustic

Environment (HJ/T2.4-2009)


～ 5

5. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Ecological

Impact” (HJ19-2011)

6. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment of Construction

Project” (HJ/T169-2004)

7. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Groundwater

Environment” (HJ610-2011)

8. “Provisional Measures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact

Assessment” (HuanFa [2006] 26)

9. “Assessment Index System of Cleaner Production for Paper Industry” (NDRC

[2006] 87)

10 “Papermaking Products---National Standard for Water Consumption Quota”

11. “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008)

12 “Hunan Province Management Measures for Auto Monitoring of Pollution

Sources” (Hunan Provincial Government Order No. 203)

13. “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines for Paper Industry”, World Bank

Group

14. “List of Classification Management of Construction Project Environmental

Protection”(2008.8.15)

15. “Water Enviromental Functional Demarcation For HuNan Main Surface

River”(DB43/023-2005)

1.2.3 Relevant Documents

1. “Feasibility Research Report of the Project of Reed Pulp Cleaner Production

Technology Reform for Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd”, China Light Industry

Changsha Engineering Company;

2. “Official Reply to the Environmental Impact Report of the Project of

400,000t/a Mechanical-Pulp-Containing Offset Paper Production by Yueyang Forest &

Paper Co., Ltd”, Hunan EPB, XiangHuanPing [2008] 66);

3. “The Project of Reed Pulp Cleaner Production Technology Reform for

Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd”, China Light Industry Changsha Engineering

Company”, China Light Industry Environmental Protection Research Institute, October

2006)

4. Official reply by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

concerning the standard for the Project’s environmental impact assessment;

5. Assessment Consignment Letter and Contract;

6. Other relevant documents provided by the construction contractor.

1.3 EIA Goals and Principles

1.3.1 EIA Goals


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Based on the collected existing data and the current situation and the characteristics

of the environment of the Project area through onsite investigation and monitoring, as well

as the relevant techniques, pollutants generation points and the situation of pollutants

emission after commissioning obtained through data analysis and similar project survey,

the fundamental analysis on the Project’s environmental impact assessment shall be

conducted for predicting the degree and scope of environmental impact on the peripheral

environment caused by the production activities after the Project construction, so as to

certify whether the Project construction complies with the national environmental

protection policies and testify the environmental practicability of the Project and the

feasibility and reasonability of the environmental protection measures, based on which the

recommendations for pollution prevention, control and reduction shall be proposed and

the design of environmental protection measures and environmental management shall be

conducted.

1.3.2 EIA Principles

1. Implement the principles of “Cleaner Production”, “Source Control” and

“Environment Friendly” in conducting the Project analysis, so as to eliminate the

generation and emission of pollutants. Implement the principles of “Up-to-Standard

Emission” and “Aggregate Pollutants Control” based on the applicable regulations on the

management of engineering environmental protection;

2. Through Project analysis, material balance analysis and water balance analysis,

calculate the amount of pollutants emission and propose environmental protection

measures that are technically practical and economically reasonable, in addition, based on

up-to-standard emission and aggregate pollutants control, conduct prediction on

environmental impacts and analysis on the degree and scope of environmental impacts

caused by the technology reform engineering, so as to provide explicit EIA conclusions on

the Project’s offsite technology reform.

1.4 EIA Classification and Scope

1.4.1 Classification and Scope of Ambient Air Assessment

According to the Project analysis, the technology reform is to be conducted on the

bleaching process of the reed pulp making system without any need for increasing the

thermal load, since the Company’s Thermal Power Station is capable of meeting the

thermal demand of the whole Plant after the Project construction, so there is no addition of

thermal supply and coal consumption. Meanwhile, the technology reform is to be

conducted on the existing Bleaching Unit of the Reed Pulp Making Room, the Project

construction will not cause generation of atmospheric pollutants, therefore, the assessment

on the ambient air shall be a general assessment.

The EIA scope of atmospheric environment is: an area of 3×3km2 around the Reed

Pulp Making Room with the dominating wind direction as the main axis.

1.4.2 Assessment Level and Scope of Water Environment

1. Surface Water

The wastewater generated is mainly from the Reed Pulp Making Room and Oxygen

Preparation Unit, after the technology reform of the Reed Pulp Making System, the


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genertion of wastewater from the whole Plant shall be 85956.8m3/d, to be discharged after

being treated at the Sewage Treatmetn Station to remove the pollution factors such as

COD, BOD5 and SS. According to the regulations of the “Guidelines” (HJ/T2.3-93), the

impact assessment level of water environment is illustrated in Table 1-1.

Table 1-1 Classification of Impact Assessment Level of Water Environment

Item Content Classification Result

Wastewater discharge

Qp 85956.8m

3/d 20000≤Qp

Pollution degree of

wastewater (water

quality)

Pollutant type: Type 1 Simple

Size of pollutants-

containing water Yangtze River Major river

Quality requirement for

surface water Accorinding to GB3838-2002 Type III

EIA level Based on HJ/T2.3-93 Guidelines for Level II

According to the principles for assessment level classification as specified in the

“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Surface Water

Environment”, the Project’s EIA is classified as Level II.

Assessment scope of water environment: 0.5km upstream and 10km downstream to the

wastewater outlets of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd along Yangtze River, 10.5km in

total.

2. Groundwater

According to the “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---

Groundwater Environment” (HJ610-2011), the Project is located in a non-sensitive area of

groundwater environment, The anti-pollution performance of the unsaturated zone of the

Project site is medium, the aquifer is not easy to get polluted, the wastewater discharge

≥100,000,000m3/d, the volume of wastewater discharged is high and the complexity of the

water quality is medium, the Project’s EIA is classified as Level III.

1.4.3 Assessment Level and Scope of Acoustic Environment

The acoustic environment impact during the Project construction period is mainly

the noise caused by mechanical operation and vehicle driving, and the impact during the

Project commissioning is mainly from equipment noise. The acoustic function zone within

the scope of the Project impact is classified as Type 3 Zone according to the Standard of

GB3096-2008, the influenced population after the Project construction is minor, and the

increase of noise is less than 3dB(A) compared to the value monitored previous to the


～ 8

construction. According to applicable regulations as specified in the “Technical Guideline

for Environmental Impact Assessment---Acoustic Environment” (HJ/T2.4-1995), the

Project’s EIA is classified as Level III.

Assessment scope of acoustic environment: within 1m along the Plant boundary.

1.4.4 Level and Scope of Risk Assessment

1. Assessment Level

According to the method specified in the “Technical Guideline for Environmental

Risk Assessment of Construction Project” (HJ/T169-2004) and the “Identification of

Major Sources of Hazardous Chemicals” (GB18218-2009), the materials stored in the

storehouses and being used at the production lines have not reached the critical volume of

reserve, i.e., ∑qi/Qi=0.1<1, which means there is no major source of risks existing in the

production facilities. The Project is located within the Plant area and it is not a sensitive

zone, therefore the assessment of environmental risks is classified as Level II.

2. Assessment Scope

The scope of risk assessment of atmospheric environment is defined as an area with a

radius of 3km centered around the Project construction.

1.5 Key Tasks and Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment

1.5.1 Key Tasks for Environmental Impact Assessment

According to the characteristics of pollutants emission caused by the Project

construction and the Plant area environment, the key tasks for the environmental impact

assessment include:

1. Investigate the situation of water pollutants discharge from the existing project and

define the relationship between the technology reform project and the existing project,

calculate the source intensity based on pulp-water balance. Based on the prediction of

water environment impact and the demand of cleaner production and regional aggregate

pollutants discharge, optimize the measures of water pollution control, so as to realize an

increase of production without causing pollution increase;

2. Conduct assessment of cleaner paper production;

3. Conduct analysis on the coordination between the Project construction and the

regional loading capacity of resources and environment.

1.5.2 Assessment Methods

The methods adopted in the Project’s environmental impact assessment include data

collection and analysis, onsite investigation and test and analogy analysis, the relevant

guidelines have been strictly followed for providing complete and detailed information

and making effective measures and feasible recommendations, so as to provide necessary

support, reference and guidance to the continuous and long term development of the

Industry Park. Specifically, the EIA methods used for the Project are as follows:


～ 9

1. Conduct all-around investigation on the environmental situation and pay

attention to the universality and representativeness of the investigation content.

2. Conduct complete and deepening investigation on the existing project and

certify the situation of pollutants emission and treatment based on the monitoring of the

pollution sources, so as to discover and illustrate the existing problems.

3. Estimate the situation of pollutants emission from the Project construction

based on the data on similar projects and detailed project analysis and conduct

comparative analysis on the situation of pollutants emission related to the existing project

and the technology reform project.

4. Conduct prediction on the environmental impacts by using the mode

recommended in the “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment” and

ensure the correct and reliable prediction results.

5. Based on the methods recommended in the Guidelines and the benchmark for

regionalization of environmental functions and environmental quality at concerned points,

define the environmental capacity and aggregate pollutants control needed for the

Company development and propose the pollution control plan.

1.6 Environmental Protection Goals and Sensitive Points

1.6.1 Environmental Protection Goals

Environmental protection goals for the Project of technology reform are listed in

Table 1-2.

Table 1-2 Environmental Protection Goals

No. Item Environmental Protection Goals

1 Eco-environment

Protect the ecological functions of the Project area as well as the

important targets of ecological protection, such as nature reserves and

biodiversity, etc., there is no existence of nature reserves within the

assessment scope.

2 Water environment Ensure the water quality of the receiving water (Yangtze River) meet the

function requirement

3 Atmospheric

environment

Protect the residential areas, schools and villages inside the assessment

area

4 Acoustic

environment

Ensure the noise monitored at the Plant boundary meet the requirement

for functional zones

1.6.2 Environmental Sensitive Points

The environmental sensitive points of the technology reform Project are listed in Table 1-3.

Table 1-3 Main Environmental Sensitive Points of the Project

Item Environmental

Protection Target Size

Relative Position

and Distance Remarks


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Item Environmental

Protection Target Size

Relative Position

and Distance Remarks

Residential area of

Yueyang Forest &

Paper Co., Ltd

Residential area,

3,000 households,

14,000 people

S, 1km

Residential area of

Huaneng Yueyang

Power Plant

Residential area,

1,500 households,

6,000 people

E, 1.5km

Songyanghu Farm

Residential area,

2,000 households,

10,000 people

NE, 6km

GB3095-96, Type II zone Ambient air

Yueyanglou Scenic spot SW, 9.5km GB3095-96, Type I zone

Water

environment Yangtze River -- W, 100m

GB3838-2002, Type III

zone

Residential area of

Yueyang Forest &

Paper Co., Ltd

Residential area,

3,000 households,

14,000 people

S, 1km GB3096-93, Type III zone

Acoustic

environment Residential area of

Huaneng Yueyang

Power Plant

Residential area,

1,500 households,

6,000 people

E, 1.5km GB3096-93, Type III zone

1.7 Assessment Standards

1.7.1 Assessment Standard of Environmental Quality

1.7.1.1 Quality Standard for Ambient Air

The emission of SO2, NO2, PM10 and TSP shall implement the “Quality Standard for

Ambient Air” (GB3095-1996) and the Amendment List (January 6, 2000), i.e., Level II

standard for the Project area and Level I standard for the area around Yueyanglou; the

emission of H2S and NH3 shall implement the standard specified in Table 1 of the

“Sanitary Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprise” (GBZ1-2010), i.e., the maximum

limitsfor the concentration of hazardous substances in the air above residential area. The

limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-4.

Table 1-4 LimitsValue of Quality Standard for Ambient Air

LimitsValue of Concentration

(mg/Nm3) Pollutant Period

Level I

Standard

Level II

Standard

Basis


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SO2

Annual

average,

daily average,

hourly average

0.02

0.05

0.15

0.06

0.15

0.50

TSP

Annual

average,

daily average

0.08

0.12

0.20

0.30

PM10

Annual

average,

daily average

0.04

0.05

0.10

0.15

NO2

Annual

average,

daily average,

hourly average

0.04

0.08

0.12

0.08

0.12

0.24

“Quality Standard for

Ambient Air” (GB3095-

1996) and the

Amendment List

H2S Once 0.01

NH3 Once 0.20

“Sanitary Standard for

Design of Industrial

Enterprise” (GBZ1-

2010), maximum

limitsfor the

concentration of

hazardous substances in

the air above residential

area

1.7.1.2 Quality Standard for Surface Water

The receiving water of the Project construction is the Yangtze River, according to

“Hunan Province Regionalization of Surface Water Environmental Functions for Major

Water Systems” and the Amendment List I (April 2, 2007), the assessment of the water

quality of Yangtze River shall implement the Type III standard as specified in the

“Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment” (GB3838-2002), the limitsvalues are

listed in Table 1-5.

Table 1-5 Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment (GB3838-2002)

LimitsValue (mg/L, except for pH value) Monitoring Item

Type II Type III

Water temperature (℃)

The variation of ambient water temperature

caused by human activities should be limited at:

Maximum weekly temperature increase ≤1


～ 12

LimitsValue (mg/L, except for pH value) Monitoring Item

Type II Type III

Maximum weekly temperature decrease≤2

pH value (no dimension) 6~9

Dissolved oxygen ≥ 6 5

COD ≤ 15 20

Permanganate index ≤ 4 6

BOD5 ≤ 3 4

NH3-N ≤ 0.5 1.0

Total nitrogen (reservoirs, lakes, calculated as

“N”) 0.5 1.0

Total phosphor (calculated as “P”) ≤ 0.1 (lakes and

reservoirs, 0.025)

0.2 (lakes and

reservoirs, 0.05)

Oils 0.05 0.05

Sulfide 0.1 0.2

Cyanide ≤ 0.05 0.2

Volatile phenol ≤ 0.002 0.005

As ≤ 0.05 0.05

Hg ≤ 0.00005 0.0001

Cr(6) ≤ 0.05 0.05

Cu ≤ 1.0 1.0

Pb ≤ 0.01 0.05

Cd ≤ 0.005 0.005

1.7.1.3 Quality Standard for Groundwater

The quality assessment of groundwater shall implement the Level III standard as

specified in the “Quality Standard for Groundwater” (GB/T14848-93), used as the

benchmark for human health in the assessment of collective sources of drinking water and

industrial and agricultural water. The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-6.

Table 1-6 LimitsValues for Groundwater Quality Unit: mg/L (except for pH value)

Item Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V

pH 6.5 8.5 5.5 6.5

8.5 9 <5.5, >9


～ 13

Item Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V

NH3-H ≤0.02 ≤0.02 ≤0.2 ≤0.5 >0.5

Nitrate ≤2.0 ≤5.0 ≤20 ≤30 >30

Nitrite ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.02 ≤0.1 >0.1

Volatile phenol

(calculated as phenol) ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 ≤0.01 >0.01

Cyanide ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1

As ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 >0.05

Hg ≤0.00005 ≤0.0005 ≤0.001 ≤0.001 >0.001

Cr6+

≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1

Total rigidity (calculated

as CaCO3) ≤150 ≤300 ≤450 ≤550 >550

Pb ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1

Fluoride ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 >2.0

Cd ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 >0.01

Fe ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤1.5 >1.5

Mn ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤1.0 >1.0

Soluble total solid ≤300 ≤500 ≤1000 ≤2000 >2000

Permanganate index ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤3.0 ≤10 >10

Sulfate ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350

Chloride ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350

Total coli group ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤100 >100

1.7.1.4 Quality Standard for Acoustic Environment

The Plant area, where the technology reform is going to be conducted, is located in

the industrial area, the assessment of the acoustic environment around the Plant boundary

shall implement the Level III standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Acoustic

Environment” (GB3096-2008). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-7.

Table 1-7 Quality Standard for Acoustic Environment Unit: Leq[dB(A)]

Type Daytime Nighttime

III 65 55

1.7.2 Standard for Pollutants Emission

1.7.2.1 Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants


～ 14

1. Self-provided Thermal Power Station

The assessment of waste gas emission from the incineration in 1#, 2#, 3# and 4#

Boilers shall implement the “Requirement for Phase II Emission Control of Coal-Fired

Boilers in Built and Planned Urban Areas At or Above County Level Concerning

‘Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants” (GB13223-

2003). The assessment of emission of waste gas from the two sets of 260t/h Boilers shall

implement Phase III Emission Standard for Coal-Fired Boilers. The limitsvalues are listed

in Table 1-8.

Table 1-8 “Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plant” Phase III

Coal-Fire Boiler

Maximum Allowed Concentration of Pollutants Emission (mg/m3)

Period Phase II Phase III

Blackness Degree

of Flue Gas

(Lingerman

Blackness,

Grading)

Implementation

Period Jan 1, 2005 Jan 1, 2010 Jan 1, 2015 Jan 1, 2004 Jan 1, 2004

Dust 200 50 50 50

SO2 1200 1200 400 400

NOx 650 650 650 450 (Vdaf>20%)

1.0

2. Alkali Recovery Boiler

The assessment of waste gas from the Alkali Recovery Boiler shall implement the

Level II standard as specified in Table 2 of the “Comprehensive Emission Standard of

Atmospheric Pollutants” (GB16297-1996). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-9.

Table 1-9 Comprehensive Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants (Table 2), Level II

Pollutant

Maximum Allowed

Concentration of Pollutants

Emission (mg/m3)

Emission Rate at 80m

Chimney (kg/h)

Dust 120 151

SO2 550 110

NOx 240 31

3. Particulates

The assessment of particulates emission shall implement the Level II standard as

specified in the “Comprehensive Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants”

(GB16297-1996). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-10.


～ 15

Table 1-10 “Comprehensive Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants”, Level II

Pollutant

Maximum Allowed

Concentration of

Pollutants Emission

(mg/m3)

Maximum Allowed Rate

of Pollutants Emission

(kg/h)

LimitsValue of Monitored

Concentration for Fugitive

Emission (mg/m3)

Particulates 120 3.5 (15m) 1.0 (maximum concentration at

Plant boundary)

4. Stink

The assessment of fugitive emission of stink pollutants shall implement the Level II

standard for construction and extension of plant boundary as specified in the “Emission

Standard of Stink Pollutants” (GB16279-1996). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-11.

Table 1-11 “Emission Standard of Stink Pollutants”, Level II

Standard for Construction and Extension of Plant Boundary

Pollutant Unit LimitsValue for Construction

and Extension

Ammonia mg/m3 1.5

Hydroen sulfide mg/m3 0.06

Stink

concentration No dimension 20

Mill-specific analysis on air emission, compared to EHS guidelines, will present in clean

production and impact analysis chapters in this report(8.4)

1.7.2.2 Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants

The assessment of the discharge of wastewater shall implement the standard as

specified in Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry”

(GB3544-2008). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-12

Table 1-12 “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008)

Table 2

Production Type Pulp & Paper Manufacturer

1 pH value 6℃9

2 Chroma (dilution times) 50

3 SS (mg/L) 30

4 BOD5, (mg/L) 20

Limitsvalue

5 CODCr, (mg/L) 90


～ 16

6 NH3-H (mg/L) 8

7 Total nitrogen (mg/L) 12

8 Total phosphor (mg/L) 0.8

9 AOX (mg/L) 12

10 Dioxin (pgTEQ/L) 30

Benchmark wastewater discharge per unit product, t/t (pulp) 40

Instructions:

1. The AOX and dioxin indices are applicable to chlorine-containing bleaching

process.

2. The volume of pulp is based on the calculation of absolute dry pulp.

3. The actual volume of wastewater discharge per unit product for pulp & paper

manufacturers shall be verified against the sum of self-produced pulp and purchased pulp.

4. For enterprises where the proportion of self-produced pulp accounting for over

80% of total pulp consumption, the benchmark wastewater discharge per unit product is

20t/t (pulp).

5. For enterprises where the proportion of bleached non-wood pulp accounting for

over 60% of the total pulp consumption, the benchmark wastewater discharge per unit

product is 60t/t (pulp).

Using the maximum allowed wastewater discharge per ton of air dry pulp produced as indicated

in the GB3544-2008, an initial comparison can be made between GB3544-2008 and EHS effluent

guidelines, as is shown in Table 7a.

Table 1-12a Comparison between EHS effluent guidelines and GB3544-2008 (Table

2) discharge standards

Standard

Limit Indicator Units

GB3544-2008

Non-wood converted to

air dry

World Bank EHS

Guidelines Non-

wood(Table B1-l)

pH 6~9

color Times 50 /

TSS kg/Adt 1.62 2

BOD5 kg/Adt 1.08 2

CODcr kg/Adt 4.86 30

NH3-N kg/Adt 0.43 /

T-N kg/Adt 0.65 0.5

T-P kg/Adt 0.04 0.05

AOX-Workshop kg/Adt 0.65 0.25 ( B1-a Wood Fiber)

Dioxin-

Workshop

TEQ

ng/Adt 1.62 /


～ 17

Wastewater

discharge t/Adt 54 50

It is noted that in the EHS Guidelines, cooling water and other clean water is not included,

while they are included in the GB3544-2008. The cooling water and other clean water is actually

recycled in the paper mill, resulting discharge only about 1-2m3/ADt, which will not substantially

change the quantity and quality of the total discharge. Therefore the basis for the comparison is

basically identical. The comparison shows the EHS effluent guidelines non-wood pulping process

does not have requirements on dioxins and AOX. Yueyang mill manufactures both pulp and paper,

so it is a integrated mill. Because Chinese standard is absolute drying, when converse Chinese

standards to air drying pulp, the conversion coefficient is 0.9. In the Chinese standards, AOX and

Dioxin are both detected at workshop exit. The results also show that generally the Chinese

GB3544-2008 standards are more stringent than the EHS effluent guidelines, except that the total

nitrogen (TN) and discharge slightly surpass the EHS guidelines. Mill-specific analysis on

wastewater is presented in clean production and impact analysis chapters in this report(8.4) 1.7.2.3 Noise Emission Standard

The noise emission during the Project construction should meet the “Noise Limitsfor

Construction Site” (GB12523-90). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-17.

Table 1-17 “Noise Limits for Construction Site”

LimitsValue dB(A) Construction Phase Main Sources of Noise Emission

Daytime Nighttime

Earth and rock

engineering Bulldozer, Excavator, Loader, etc. 75 55

Pile driving Various type of Piler Drivers 85 Construction not

permitted

Structuring Concrete blender, vibrator, electric saw,etc. 70 55

Decorating Crane, elevator, etc. 65 55

The assessment of noise emission during the Project construction shall implement the

“Emission Standard of Noise at Plant Boundary of Industrial Enterprise” (GB12348-

2008). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-18.

Table 1-18 “Emission Standard of Noise at Plant Boundary of Industrial Enterprise”

Type Daytime Nighttime

I I I 65 55

1.7.2.4 Discharge Standard of Solid Waste

The assessment of solid waste storage site shall implement the “Pollution Control

Standard for Storage and Disposal Site of General Industrial Solid Waste” (GB18599-

2001); the assessment of domestic waste treatment shall implement the “Pollution Control

Standard for Domestic Waste Landfilling” (GB16889-2008).

1.8 Technical Route for Environmental Impact Assessment


～ 18


～ 19

Figure 1-1 Technical Roadmap of Environmental Impact Assessment

Preliminary analysis of

existing production

capacity

Collection of

applicable policies

& regulations

Onsite and

preliminary

investigation

Identification of main environmental impacts and planning of assessment scope, contents, key

tasks and methods

Examination and

approval

Environmental capacity &

aggregate control Prediction & assessment of

environmental impacts

Environmental pollution control

measures & recommendations

Public participation

Environmental management &

monitoring plan

Compilation of the Project construction environmental impact

report

Review & submission

for approval

Survey of natural and social

environment Investigation and onsite monitoring of regional

environmental quality

Project construction analysis


～ 20

2 Analysis of Substitution Plan and Technology Reform Project

2.1 Pre-Reform Overview

2.1.1 Basic Facts of the Company

Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd is an entity built on a land area of 3,920,000m2

with a labor force of 3,200 workers, including 213 technicians working at various

processes, the total asset of the Company is RMB1.77bn. Since its foundation five decades

ago, the Company has accumulated rich experience on production and project

management and a team of skillful technicians and competent staff. The Company

currently has one 70,000t/a chemical wood pulp production line and two sulfate reed pulp

production lines with total capacity at 65,000t/a, two production lines of aspen chemi-

mechanical pulp with total capacity at 135,000t/a and two production lines of deinked

pulp with total capacity at 300,000t/a. The Company’s total pulp production capacity is

570,000t/a, the total paper production capacity is 800,000t/a, the total capacity of the self-

provided Thermal Power Station is188MW, in addition to a complete system of water

supply, wastewater discharge, mechanical and electronic equipment maintenance,

storehouses at the dock and residence facilities. The main products include high-quality

color printing newsprint, pigment offset paper, light-weight coating paper, light-weight

printing paper, thermosensitive paper, etc.

2.1.2 Compents of Existing Project

The existing project comprises the main body project, public utilities and storage and

transportation facilities. See details in Table 2-1. In 2010, the Company’s production

systems have all realized the planned productivity.


～ 21

Table 2-1 Components of the Existing Project

Item Project

Component Contents

Main body

project

Pulp Making

System

Total productivity of the Pulp Making System: 570,000t/a

(1) Chemical Pulp Making System, total productivity: 135,000t/a

℃ 1 old production line of sulfate wood pulp at 70,000t/a, adopting a 4-

stage bleaching process (C-E-H-P): chlorination– alkali treatment –

hypochlorite bleaching – hydrogen peroxide bleaching; countercurrent

washing;

℃ 2 production lines of sulfate reed pulp at 61,200t/a, including 1

continuous cooking system and 1 intermittent cooking system, C-E-H-P 4-

stage bleaching; countercurrent washing;

(2) Chemi-mechanical Pulp Making System, total productivity: 135,000t/a

2 production lines of aspen chemi-mechanical pulp at 135,000t/a, APMP

process adopted for the old line and PRC-APMP process for the new one.

(3) Deinked Pulp Making System, total productivity: 300,000t/a

℃ 1 old production line of deinked pulp at 100,000t/a

℃ 1 new production line of deinked pulp at 200,000t/a


～ 22

Item Project

Component Contents

Paper

Machine

System

Paper Machine System, total productivity at 800,000t/a

℃1# Paper Machine: width 3940mm, speed 400-700m/min, 70000t/a

production of newsprint;

℃2# Paper Machine: width 1760mm, speed 220m/min, 10000t/a production

of offset paper;

℃3# Paper Machine: width 3800mm, speed 800-900m/min, 100000t/a

production of pigment offset paper, industrial film spraying base paper,

light-weight offset paper and notebook paper;

℃4#, 5# Paper Machines: width 2362mm, speed 220m/min, 20000t/a

production of offset paper;

℃6# Paper Machine: width 1575mm, speed 200m/min, 10000t/a

production of corrugated paper; (6# Paper Machine has been outsourced to

another Antai company)


production of newsprint;


production of high-quality printing paper;


production of environment-friendly printing paper;

Alkali

Recovery

System

2 sets of Alkali Recovery Boilers for black liquid treatment at 270t/d and

530t/d respectively, over 85% of black liquid extraction and over 80%

alkali recovery;

Each equipped with 2-Row 5-Field Dust Collector, efficiency of dust

collection at 99%;

1 set of white sludge recovery system, reuse rate of white sludge at 86%

Public utilities

Thermal

Power

Room

Total capacity of thermal power boilers: 3×150 t/h+1×130 t/h+2×260 t/h,

capacity of power generation by steam turbine generator unit:

1×12MW℃1×6MW+2×25MW+2×60MW =188MW;

Electrostatic dust collectors installed in 4 sets of old Boilers, Baghouse dust

collectors installed in 2 set of new Boilers, both equipped with external

desulphurization unit.


～ 23

Item Project

Component Contents

Water

Treatment

Plant

① Production-use water supplied by Water Treatment Plant with water

pumped from Yangtze River, designed capacity of water extraction and

water treatment at 250000 m3/d and 140000 m

3/d respectively;

② Water consumption by workers for domestic use supplied by municipal

water supply pipelines.

Wastewater

Treatment

Station

4 sets of Wastewater Treatment Systems, total treatment capacity:

100000m3/d, to be discharged to Yangtze River after treatment.

℃ Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment System (Paques IC + 1 new System),

designed capacity of wastewater treatment at 18000m3/d, to be filled into

the Middle-Stage Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Unit of Pulp Making

System;

③ Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Unit of White Water Recovery System,

designed capacity at 40000m3/d;

④ Middle-Stage Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Unit, designed capacity

at 60000m3/d;

⑤ Super-Effect Shallow-Floatation 3-Stage Treatmetn Unit, designed

capacity at 60000m3/d, mainly for treatment of wastewater from the

Middle-Stage Aerobic Treatment Unit.

Dock 2 docks, each with 5,000t of berth capacity

Coal Storage

Site

Building area approximately 10000m2, coal storage at 70000t for 30 days of

use

Waste Paper

Storehouse Waste paper storage for 20 days of use, building area: 600m

2

Chemicals

Storehouse Building area: 300m

2

Finished

Products

Storehouse

Storage for 90 days of use, building area: 1000m2

Reed

Stockpile Storage for 90 days of use, building area: 100000m

2

Storage and

transportation

facilities

Wood

Stockpile Storage for 90 days of use, building area: 50000m

2


～ 24

2.1.3 Consumption of Main Raw and Auxiliary Materials

The consumption of main raw and auxiliary materials for the Project construction is


Table 2-2 Consumption of Main Raw and Auxiliary Materials

No. Raw/Auxiliary

Material

Annual Consumption

(t/a)

Consumption Per Unit

Product (t/adt) Remarks

I Chemical Wood Pulp Room

1 Wood material

(absolute dry) 163240 2.332

2 Alkali 36330 0.519

3 Liquid chlorine 4830 0.069

4 Lime 1750 0.025

5 Hydrogen peroxide 700 0.010

6 Sodium silicate 420 0.006

7 Sulfamic acid 140 0.002

8 Water 4624000 66.1

9 Electricity (kWh) 16165800 230.94

10 Steam (GJ) 453740 6.482

II Chemical Reed Pulp Room

1 Reed material 121380 2.38

2 Alkali 20298 0.312

3 Liquid chlorine 2340 0.036


5 Water 4556000 70.1

6 Electricity (kWh) 11862500 182.5

7 Steam (GJ) 396500 6.1

III Chemi-mechanical Pulp Room

1 Aspen material 130545 0.967

2 Aspen wood pieces 21195 0.157

3 Timber pieces 1485 0.011

4 Liquid alkali (kg) 9459180 70.068


～ 25

No. Raw/Auxiliary

Material

Annual Consumption

(t/a)



5 Hydrogen peroxidekg 8010090 59.334

6 Sodium silicatekg 4391955 32.533

7 Magnesium sulfate

(kg) 234630 1.738

8 Sulphuric acid (kg) 512865 3.799

9 Water 4080000 30.2

10 Electricity (kWh) 23599.81 1748.134

11 Steam (GJ) 143640 1.064

IV Deinked Pulp Production Line

1 Concentrated sulfuric

acid 660 0.0022

2 Caustic soda 3600 0.012


4 Sodium silicate 12000 0.040

5 Deinking agent 1500 0.005

6 Bentonite 1200 0.004

7 Poly A 60 0.0002

8 FAS 1020 0.0034

9 Hydrochloric acid 4.5 0.000015

10 Saponite 2400 0.008

11 Imported enzynme 45 0.00015

12 Waste paper 418500 1.395

13 Water 3570000 11.9

14 Electricity (kWh) 91731000 305.77

15 Steam (GJ) 774000 2.58

V Paper Machine Room

1 Deinked pulp 187000

Chemi-mechanical

pulp 136000


～ 26

No. Raw/Auxiliary

Material

Annual Consumption

(t/a)



Chemical reed pulp 61200

Chemical wood pulp 68000

2 Calcium carbonate

(kg) 24000 30

3 Cation starch (kg) 12000 15

4 Caustic soda (NaOH)

(kg) 2000 2.5

5 Bentonite (kg) 2000 2.5

6 Alum (kg) 19200 24

7 Retention aid (kg) 400 0.5

8 Stabilizer (kg) 960 1.2

9

Other types of

chemical solutions

(kg)

520 0.655

10 Polyester Net (m2)

20000 0.025

11 Dry net (m2)

32000 0.04

12 Felt (kg) 32 0.04

13 Packing material 3200 4

14 Water (m3) 13090000 16

15 Electricity (kWh) 4.1×108 510

16 Steam 1.32×106 1.65

1. Parameters for Quality Analysis of Coal Material

Coal is used as the fuel for thermal power generation, and the annual consumption

of coal material is 720000t, mainly the smoke-free coal from Fengjie County, Chongqing

City. The data obtained based on coal quality analysis are: dust 35.96%, water 6.77%,

volatile phenol 6.07%, sulfur 1%, low-heat value 18170KJ/kg. The transportation of

coal material is done by train, and the existing Coal Storage Site is capable for meeting the

demand.

2.1.4 Public Utilities and Auxiliary Facilities

2.1.4.1 Water Supply and Wastewater Discharge


～ 27

1. Water Supply System

The water consumption by Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd for production use is

from a Pump Houste built at the side of Yangtze River with the designed capacity at

250000m3/d, and the Water Treatment Plant is designed at a capacity of 140000m

3/d. The

water is used for: Pulp Making System, Paper Machine Room and Thermal Power Station;

the total consumption of water is 123500m3/d, supplied by the Water Treatment Plant. The

consumption of water by the existing project is illustrated in Table 2-3.

Table 2-3 Data Sheet of Water Consumption by the Existing Project

No. Production Unit / Workshop Consumption of Clear

Water (m3/d)

Remarks

1 Bleached chemical reed pulp 13400

2 Bleached chemical wood pulp 13600

3 Alkali recovery 12000

5 Aspen chemi-mechanical pulp 12000

6

Pulp

Making

System

Deinked pulp 10500

7 1# Paper Machine Room 4900






13

Paper

Machine

System

7# Paper Machine Room 15000

Thermal Power Station, circulation cooling

water addition 18000

14

Thermal Power Station, industrial use 5500

15 Total 123500

2. Wastewater Discharge System

The wastewater is mainly from the Pulp Making System and Paper Machine Room, as

well as wastewater from dust collection at the Boilers Room, sewage water from domestic

use and water from floor washing, all of which to be discharged at a rate of94975m3/d.

The discharge of wastewater was conducted by following the principle of “Separate

Outflow of Clear Water and Contaminated Water”: rainwater to be collected and

discharged directly into the ditches nearby; production wastewater to be discharged after

treatment at the Wastewater Treatment Station.the gray water from pulping system and the

wastewater from Alkali Recovery Room and the wastewater from old deinking room to be


～ 28

discharged to Aerobic Wastewater Treatment System(1),the wastewater from Chemi-

mechanical Pulp Room and the wastewater from new deinking room to be discharged to

Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment System first and then to be discharged to Aerobic

Wastewater Treatment System(1).white water from Paper Machine Room to be recycled

at Multi-Plate Recovery Unit and reused at Pulp Making Room, with the extra to be

discharged to Aerobic Wastewater Treatment System(2),An automatic online monitoring

system has been installed at the final outlet for monitoring of CODcr, pH value and flow

volume. The process flow of wastewater generation and treatment is shown in Figure 2-1.

The balance of water supply and wastewater discharge previous to the technology reform

is illustrated in Figure 2-2.


～ 29

Reused after multi-

plate filter

Discharge of clarified

water

Ash

sluicing

Wastewater

discharge

Reed slag washing

water

Slag

washing

water,

accidentall

y released

water

Excessive

water

Middle-

stage

wastewate

Chemical Reed Pulp

Making Room

Chemical Wood

Pulp Making Room

Chemi-mechanical

Pulp Making Room

Old Deinked Pulp

Making Room

New Deinked Pulp

Making Room

1# Paper Machine

Room

2# Paper Machine

Room

3# Paper Machine

Room

4# Paper Machine

6# Paper Machine

7# Paper Machine

Room

Thermal

Power

Water Supply

Rom

Alkali Recovery

Room

Anaerobic Wastewater

Treatmetn System

Aerobic

Treatment

Thin black

liquid

Thin black

liquid

Pluverized Coal

Level III Vapor

Flotation System

Aerobic

Treatment

Figure 2-1 Process Flow of Pre-reform Wastewater Generation & Treatment


～ 30

2# Paper Machine

Room

3# Paper Machine

Room

4# Paper Machine

Room

5# Paper Machine

Room

6# Paper Machine

Room

6# Paper Machine

Room

Figure 2-2 The balance of water supply and wastewater discharge previous Units m3/d

38469

1# Paper Machine

Room Chemical Wood Pulp

Making Room

Alkali Recovery

room

Chemical Reed Pulp

Making Room

Industrial water, Demineralized water

Cooling water of

thermal power station

Aerobic Treatment

System (II)

The Final Outlet

Discharged into the

Yangtze Rive

18000

5500 6750

316038 316038

Fresh water

123500

13400

12000

13600

15640

15447

3500

5500

15450

16696

4900

1700

5200

700

9500

4510

1580

4750

620

8650

White water 33060

55165 94975

3000

115

315

1675

390

120

450

80

85

Pluverized

Coal Tank

Reused after multi-plate filter

4500 4072 Old Deinked Pulp

Making Room

42

12000 Chemi-mechanical

Pulp Making Room

72

6000 New Deinked Pulp Making

Room

58

Anaerobic

Wastewater

Treatmetn System

Aerobic

Treatment

System (I)

15000 13700 130

1500 1350

15

Level III Vapor

Flotation System

11280

5416

55165

33060 6750


～ 31

2.1.4.2 Thermal Power Station

The Thermal Power Station is the facility for supplying steam and power for the

whole Plant of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd. The system of the Station is composed

by the Coal Storage Site, the Coal Transportation System, the Soft Water Preparation

System, the Coal-Fired Boilers, the Steam Turbine Generator Unit, the Cooling Water

System, the Dust Collection System, the Desulphurization System and the Dust/Slag

Treatment System. The equipments and facilities are listed in Table 2-4.

Table 2-4 Equipments Installed at Thermal Power Station of Yueyang Forest & Paper

Equipment Model Quantity Product

Boiler

2×UG-260/9.8-M, 1×WGZ-150/3.82-III

1×CG-150/3.82-M, 1×UG-130/3.82-M7

1×WGZ 150/3.82-3

6

Steam Turbine 2×CC60-8.83/1.32/0.69, 1×C12-35/10

1×B6-35/5, 1×C25-3.43/0.49, 1×C25-3.43/0.49-2 6

Power Generator 2×50WX18Z-054LLT, 1×QF2-12-2

1×TQC2-6-2, 1×QF-30-2, 1×QFW-30-2A 6

Transformer

2×SZ9-25000/110, 2×SF11-75000/35

2×SFZ11-25000/35, 7×SGB10-1250/10

1×SG-1000, 1×SG6-630, 1×SG7-630/0.4

1×S7-800, 1×SCR9-630/6, 1×S10-Mb-1000

1×S9-800/6.3, 1×SJL2-750/6, 1×SFZ11-10000/35

22

Water

Circulation

Pump

3×800S-22, 4×EOTS800-32A 7

Water Supply

Pump 6×DG150-59, 3×DG300-10×5 9

Boiler Fan

(main fan)

4×VR65IIN1G0KK2100, 2×VR58IIIS1B0RK2240

2×VR65IIN1B0RK1680, 4×Y4-73-13No:16D

2×Y4-73-13No:15D, 2×Y4-73-11No:14D

2×G4-73-11No:14D, 1×G4-73-13No:16D

1×G4-73-13No:15D, 4×M9-19-11NO:16D

2×M9-26-11No:14D, 2×M9-29No:14D

28

Ball Grinder DTM250/390 8

Steam,

electricity


～ 32

Equipment Model Quantity Product

Cooling Tower 2×10NH-4000, 4×NH-5250×4 6

Dust Collector

2×BE132-3 Electrostatic Dust Collector, 1×BE80-3

Electrostatic Dust Collector, 1×BE95-3 Electrostatic Dust

Collector, 2×MBC10000 Impulse-Type Baghouse Dust

Collector

6

Desulphurization

System

Outside Boiler Wet Process (1×Lime Process, 1×Limestone

Process) 2

2.1.5 Production Processes

The total capacity of the existing 7 production lines of bleached chemical wood

pulp, bleached chemical reed pulp, mechanical wood pulp, aspen chemi-mechanical pulp

and deinked pulp is 570,000t/a, used for producing newsprint, low-basis-weight coating

paper and corrugated paper, etc.

2.1.5.1 Pulp Making System

1. Production Line of Chemical Reed Pulp

The total capacity of the 2 production lines of chemical reed pulp, 1 old and 1 new,

is 61,200t/a. The difference between the old and the new production lines is the adoption

of different material preparation and cooking processes, the reed pulp washing is

integrated into the system after spraying. The production process is as follows: the

transportation of reeds by a flatcar along the ligh rail from the Reed Stockpile to the

Material Preparation Unit, artificial unloading of reeds to the Belt Converyor, cutting into

reed pieces (length≤40mm, qualified rate℃80℃) by the Reed Cutter. Old Reed Pulp Line:

collection of dust from the reed pieces by a Clyclone Separator, screening of sand and

marrows by a Rotary Screen, removal of reed leaves and film by a Louver Dust Remover,

then the qualified reed pieces shall be sent by the Belt Conveyor to the Material Tanks

(2×158m3) of the Cooking Unit, where the pieces are separtately loaded into the Vertical

Cooking Boilers (2×110m3) with addition of steam and alkali liquid for cooking, after

which be sprayed by the Sprayer to form sulfate reed pulp. New Reed Pulp Line: removal

of dust, sand, marrows, reed leaves and film from the reed pieces by a Hydraulic Washer,

after which be pumped into the Continuous Cooking Tube with addition of water, then the

black liquid from the Cooking Unit shall be replaced by the black liquid from the Pulp

Washing Unit, then be cooled down and sprayed into sulfate reed pulp. For both old and

new Reed Pulp Lines: washing of reed pulp for complete separation of reed pulp and black

liquid, the extracted black liquid shall be sent to the Alkali Recovery Room for alkali

recovery, the coarse pulp after washing shall go through the Pressure Screen for screening

and concentration and then 4-stage bleaching: (C-E-H-P): chlorination– alkali treatment

(or alkali treatment consolidated by hydrogen peroxide) – hypochlorite bleaching –

hydrogen peroxide bleaching; countercurrent washing, finally the bleached pulp with

certain degree of whiteness is ready to be used by Paper Machine. The flow of main

production processes is illustrated in Figure 2-3.


～ 33


～ 34

Figure 2-3 Process Flow of Chemical Reed Pulp Production Line & Pollutants Generation

Points

●Slag pulp

Hot water to

Pulp Washer

●Reed slag

Slag-

flushing

Reed

Acid bleaching solution, Alkali bleacing solution

Black liquid to

Chemical Reed

●Pulp slag

Contaminated condensate water ▲Waste

steam

Chemi-alkali preparation

Reed Cutting

Seperation &

Screening

Intermittent

Cooking

Sprayer

Vibration

Screen

Board-Type

Heat

Pulp

Washer

Screen

●Reed slag

℃Slag-

flushing

water

Reed

Replacement black liquid

Chemi-alkali preparation

Reed Cutting

Hydraulic

Reed Washer

Continuous

Cooking

Sprayer

Squeezer

4-Stage

Bleaching

℃Middle-stage

wastewater

White Pulp

Tank

Old Line

～ Solid waste

generation

point

～ Wastewater

generation

point

New Line


～ 35

2. Production Line of Chemical Wood Pulp

The production line of chemical wood pulp is an old line adopting the process of

sulfate pulp making for producing bleached wood pulp, after several times of technology

reform, the production capacity has reached 70000t/a. Primary process flow: the wood

pieces of masson pine formed after peeling and chipping are directly fed into the Re-

shredder to be shredded into qualified pieces (16-40mm, ≥60℃), which shall be fed into

5×75m3

Vertical Cooking Tanks for sulfate cooking to remove the lignin and resin

substance and then be sprayed to get the coarse pulp; after countercurrent washing at

Rectangular Pulp Washer and Grinding Washer, the extracted high-concentration black

liquid is sent to Alkali Recovery Room, while the washed coarse pulp shall go through

pressure screening and CEpHP bleaching and be sent to the Pulp Storage Tank for

temporary storage, then it shall be used for the Paper Making System. The main process

flow is shows in Figure 2-4.


～ 36

Figure 2-4 Process Flow of Chemical Wood Pulp Production Line & Pollutants Generation

Points

Acid

bleaching

solution,

Alkali

bleaching

Black liquid to

Chemical Reed

Pulp Making

●Pulp slag

Condensate

water

▲Collection

of waste

steam

Abies oil

Chemi-alkali

preparation

Purchased

wood chips

Wood

Peeling &

Chipping

Screen & Fan

●Barks

●Sawdust

Cooking

Sprayer

Knotter

Board-Type

Heat Exchanger

℃Contaminat

ed hot

water

Washed Pulp

Squeezer

Countercurrent

Washing ℃Middle-stage

wastewater

White Pulp

Tank

～ Solid waste

generation point

～ Wastewater

generation point

▲ Waste gas

generation point


～ 37

3. Production Line of Chemi-mechanical Pulp

There are two production lines of chemi-mechanical pulp, APMP process is

adopted at the old production line and PRC-APMP is adopted at the new one. Both lines

are equipped with complete equipments imported from abroad, thus making it a leading

role in China’s chemic-mechanical pulp making, especially the multi-stage bleaching

process adopted at the new production line is a guarantee for the pulp whiteness, which is

much better than

Old line: production capacity at 30000t/a. The aspen wood transported from the

Aspen Stockpile is grabbed by a Grab Bucket into the Chain Conveyor and then be sent to

Peeling Drum for peeling off the barks and then sent to the 8-Blade Chipper to be chipped

into pieces, which shall be transported to the Material Preparation Room and then into 7

Grinders for grinding, after which the pulp goes through 3 Horizontal Vibration Screens

and then the CX Screen and then Slag Remover; after pulp concentration by Rotary Net

Condenser and tail pulp treatment by 4 Plate Grinders, the natural color pulp is sent from

Double-Net Condenser to a 45m3

Downflow Bleaching Tower where hydrogen peroxide

and NaOH is added for bleaching, the bleached pulp is then sent to the 150m3 Pulp

Storage Tank to be used for paper making at Paper Machine System.

New line: production capacity at 105000t/a. The aspen wood transported from the

Aspen Stockpile is grabbed by a Grab Bucket into the Chain Conveyor and then be sent to

Peeling Drum for peeling off the barks and then sent to the 8-Blade Chipper to be chipped

into pieces, which shall be transported to the Material Preparation Room for preliminary

steaming and washing (with added hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate,

magnesium sulfate, DTPA and clear water), then the units/processes of 2-Stage Grinder,

Plate Grinder (chemical treatment), High-Concentration Reaction Tower, secondary

grinding, latency pulping, post grinding anc screening, the qualified pulp is finally

produced for being used at Paper Machine System. The specific process flow is illustrated

in Figure 2-5.

The process of pulp making at the new line is basically similar to that of the old

line, pollutants discharge is mainly from the grinding and dehydrating units as well. The

difference is that a plate grinding process is added in the new line with a new bleaching

unit installed, so the whiteness of the chemi-mechanical pulp is better controlled. The

chart of process flow and pollutants discharge points for the old production line is omitted

here. The process flow and pollutants discharge points of the new production line of

chemi-mechanical pulp is isslustrated in Figure 2-5.

4. Production Line of Deinked Pulp

There are two production lines of deinked pulp, the old and new lines are advanced

ones in China’s deinked pulp making, especially the new line which has been

commissioning since the construction was finished in 2009, the installation of the

complete equipment of Andritz Paper Machine has greatly reduced the generation of

wastewater. The specific process is as follows:

Old line: designed production capacity at 100000t/a. The waste paper is sent by

Chain Board Conveyor to the Rotary Drum Pulper, after which the pulp is fed into the

bottom Pulp Tank, part of the pulp is sent to the High-Concentration Slag Remover and


～ 38

then mixed with the rest pulp and sent to Tier1 3-Stage Coarse Screen Unit and then Tier 1

3-Stage Fine Screen Unit, after which the pulp is sent to the 2-Stage Pre-floatation Screen

to remove the ink, then the coarse pulp is sent to a 4-Stage Sand Remover for sand

removal and then Material Supply Tank and Tier 1 3-Stage Fine Screen Unit, then the

pulp shall go through the Multi-Plate Condenser, Double-Roller Grinder and Thermal

Disperser, after which it is pumped into the High-Concentration Bleaching Tower with

hydrogen peroxide added for bleaching, then the bleached pulp is sent to the 2-Stage Post-

floatation Screen for advanced ink removal, and then the Post Multi-Plate Condenser and

the Double-Net Pulp Washer, finally the deinked pulp is transported to the Pulp Storage

Tower waiting to be used at the Paper Machine Room. The specific process is illustrated

in Figure 2-6.

New line: designed production capacity at 200000t/a. After selection at the Waste

Paper Stockpile , the waste pater is transported by the Forklift Truck to the Deinked Pulp

Making Room, where the paper is fed into the Hydraulic Pulper by a Chain Board

Conveyor, then be pumped to the High-Concentration Sand Remover to remove the

cobbles, sand, fiber and slabs, then goes through a 3-Stage Coarse Screen for preliminary

selection and a Low-Concentration Sand Remover for removal of fine sand, then the Pre-

floatation Screen for ink removal and the Fine Screen for screening, and after going

through the Multi-Plate Condenser for concentration, the pulp shall be sent to the Thermal

Disperser where the sticky substances shall be dispersed into fine particles, after which the

pulp shall go through hydrogen peroxide bleaching and be sent to Post-floatation Screen

for ink removal, and then another round of concentration inside the Multi-Plate Condenser

and then the final bleaching, the pulp is finally sent to the Pulp Storage Tank for

temporary storage and then be sent to the Paper Machine Room. The main process flow of

the Deinked Pulp Making Room is illustrated in Figure 2-6.


～ 39

Figure 2-5 Process Flow of Chemi-mechanical Pulp Production Line & Pollutants Generation

Points

Hydrogen peroxide

℃High-concentration wastewater from

Hydrogen peroxide

●Sawdust

●Barks

Hydrogen peroxide


Hydrogen peroxide

Purchased wood chips

Wood

Peeling &

Chipping

Screen & Fan

Wood Chips Washing

Pre-cooking

Stage I

Squeezing, Pre-

soaking,

Stage I Squeezing, Reaction

Stage II

Squeezing

℃Slag-flushing

water

Double-Plate Squeezing

Stage II

Squeezing, Pre-

soaking,


Sealed Screening

Multi-Plate Condenser

White Pulp Tank

●Slag pulp Ddhydration, Plate-Type Grinder grinding,

～ Solid waste generation point

～ Wastewater generation point

▲ Waste gas generation point


～ 40

●Scum

●Pulp slag

●Impuritie

s

●Impuritie

s

●Pulp slag

●Pulp slag

℃Middle-stage

Bleaching solution

●Pulp slag

Bleaching solution

●Pulp slag

White water

Waste paper

Pulper

High-Concen.

●Impuritie

s

Coarse

Screen

Floatation

Cell

Low-Concen.

Fine Screen


℃Middle-stage

Bleaching Tower

●Impuritie

s

Pulp

Washer

Reduction Bleaching

White Pulp Tank

Bleaching solution

Bleaching solution

White water

Waste paper

Pulper

High-Concen.

Coarse Screen,

Slag

Remover

Floatation

Cell

Slotted

Screen


Screezer Heat

Floatation, Slag


Screezer Heat

Bleaching

Floataton, Multi-Plate

Reduction Bleaching

White Pulp Tank




～ 41

Figure 2-6 Process Flow of Deinked Pulp Production Line & Pollutants Generation

Points

2.1.5.2 Paper Machine Room

The Company has 7 Paper Machine Rooms plus 1 Paper Product Processing Unit, the

original 5# Paper Machine Room has been outsourced after reform, and the total

productivity of the rest 6 Paper Machine Rooms is 800000t/a production of newsprint,

low-basis-weight coating paper and corrugated paper by using self-produced and

purchased pulp. The data on the productivity and product type of each Paper Machine

Room are listed in Table 2-5.

Table 2-5 Paper Making System

No. Paper Machine No. Type of Paper Product Productivity (t/a)

1 1# Paper Machine Newsprint 70000

2 2# Paper Machine Offset paper 10000

3 3# Paper Machine Pigment offset paper, etc. 100000

4 4# 5# Paper Machines Offset paper 20000

5 6# Paper Machine Corrugated paper 10000

6 8# Paper Machine Newsprint 200000

7 9#, 10# Paper Machines Environment-friendly

duplicating paper 400000

The paper product produced at each Paper Machine Room is different, but the

production process is similar, mainly including Pulp Preparation, Pulp Purification, Paper

Shaping at the Wire Former, Dehydration, Drying and Finishing. The main process flow is

illustrated in Figure 2-7.


～ 42

Figure 2-7 Process Flow of Paper Making System & Pollutants Generation Points

Steam

●Broke

paper

Excessive wastewater

treatment

White water

recycled Pulp Preparation

Sand Removal ●Sand pulp

Pulp Fluid Screen

Paving

Squeezing

Drying

Calendering,

Reeling

Re-reeling

Finished Products

To Storehouse

℃White

water

multi-

plate

recycle



▲ Waste gas generation point


～ 43

2.1.5.3 Alkali Recovery Room

Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd has a Chemicals Workshop where black liquid

from pulp making is recycled, the condensed black liquid after evaporation is to be used in

the Alkali Recovery Boiler. The Alkali Recovery System includes 4 Evaporation Stations

and 2 Alkali Recovery Boilers with the capacity at 270 t /d and 530 t /d respectively. The

process of alkali recovery includes evaporation, incineration, causticization and lime

recovery. The thin black liquid generated during pulp making shall be separated from the

pulp, the extracted black liquid is then condensed inside the Evaporator and sent to the

Alkali Recovery Boilers for incineration, which shall present ina melting stage after the

organic substances has been burned out, then become green liquid after clarification; at

this point the lime shall be added for causticization and the liquid shall become sodium

hydroxide, after separation from the sedimentation of white sludge, the upper clear liquid

of sodium hydroxide shall be sent back to the Pulp Making System to be reused for

material preparation cooking; part of the white sludge is transported to the White Sludge

Recovery System to be reused as filler, the unusuable white sludge shall be transported by

a designated worker to the landfill for disposal. The flue gas from incineration at the

Boilers enters into a 3-Field Electrostatic Dust Collector for dust removal, then released

through the chimney. The main equipments of the Alkali Recovery System are listed in

Table 2-6.

Table 2-6 Main Equipments of Alkali Recovery System

Workshop Equipment Model Quantity

0# Evaporation Unit Evaporation area: 8000m2 1




530T Boiler Daily treatment of solid substance

in black liquid: 530t 1

270T Boiler Daily treatment of solid substance

in black liquid: 270t 1

Causticization Hourly treatment of green liquid:

80m3

1

Causticization Hourly treatment of green liquid:

70m3

1

Limestone kiln 25t/d (operation stopped) 2

Limestone kiln 60t/d (operation stopped) 1

Chemicals

Workshop

White sludge recovery 80t/d 1


～ 44

The thin black liquid from the Pulp Making Room shall first go through a V-

Effect Board-Type Falling Film Evaporator to condense it into a liquid with 48% solid

content and then be sent to the Incineration Unit. The thick black liquid is condensed

inside the Rotary Plate Evaporator to get liquid with at least 55% solid content, which

shall be sent to the Spray-Type Alkali Recovery Boiler for incineration, after which the

melting substance shall be dissolved into green liquid by thin white liquid from the

Causticization Unit or water. The green liquid is sent to the Causticization Unit to be

filtrated by the Green Liquid Filter and then mixed with lime for digestion, causticization

and filtration to get white liquid, which shall be sent to the Cooking Unit of the Pulp

Making System. The waste heat from the Alkali Recovery Boilers is used for generating

steam (3.82Mpa, 450℃), which shall be sent to the self-built Thermal Power Station for

power generation. The white sludge from the Causticization Unit is sent to the Light-

Weight Calcium Carbonate Unit to be processed into light-weight calcium carbonate to be

used as filler for paper making.

The process flow of the Alkali Recovery System is illustrated in Figure 2-8.


～ 45

Figure 2-8 Process Flow of Paper Making System & Pollutants Generation Points

Thin black liquid from

Chemical Pulp Making

Room

Thin Black

Liquid Tank

V-Effect

Evaporator

IV-Effect

Evaporator

III-Effect

Evaporator

II-Effect

Evaporator

I-Effect

Evaporator

Thick Black

Liquid Tank Rotary Plate

Evaporator Thick Black

Liquid Tank

Alkali

Recovery

Boiler

Dissolution

Tank Green Liquid

Clarification Storage

Tank

Digestion

Slag

Extration

Machine

Causticizer

White Liquid

Clarifier White liquid to

Chemical Reed Pulp

Making Room

Waste

gas

80m Chimney Green

sludge

Waste

lime

Reused at

Pulp Making

Room

Wastewater Treatment

Station

Evaporated

heavy sewage

water

White

sludge

Evaporated light

sewage water

Evaporated light

sewage water

White sludge to Light-

Weight Calcium Carbonate

Room


～ 46

2.1.6 Discharge of Main Pollutants

The condition of the main sources and discharge of pollutants is illustrated in Table

2-7.

Table 2-7 Data Sheet of the Existing Project’s Main Sources and Discharge of Pollutants

No. Unit / Process Discharge of Pollutants

1 Pulp Making System Sawdust, reed slag, barks, deink residues, deink scraps, wastewater

from pulp making, white sludge

2 Paper Making

System

Slag washing water, white water from paper machine, pump shaft seal

water, vacuum pump seal water, pulp slag

3 Thermal Power

Station

Process drainage water, dust washing water, flue gas from boiler, lime

ash

4 Wastewater

Treatment Station Sludge, stink gas, up-to-standard wastewater

5 Noise from the equipment operation

2.1.6.1 Wastewater

1. Main Sources of Wastewater Pollution

The generation of wastewater from the existing Project production/domestic life is

94975m3/d, and the designed capacity of the Wastewater Treatment Station is

100000m3/d, the wastewater after treatment is discharge to Yangtze River, with online

monitoring devices installed at the final outlet for monitoring of the flow rate, pH value,

COD and SS discharge.

The cooling water and clean water composed of all types of fans, pumps , steam,

and thermal power plant.The final emission of about 1500 m3/d each

day℃Sewage treatment plant influent total ratio is about 1.6%,coversion to per ton of air

dry pulp produced about 0.75m3/Adt.

At present, the discharge wastewater from Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd includes

the following parts:

a. Black Liquid from Cooking Unit of Pulp Making System

The process of pulp making is mainly chemical process, during which the black

liquid generated from cooking shall contain large content of chemical substances (alkali)

and high concentration of COD and BOD. The black liquid from this process shall enter

into the Alkali Recovery System for treatment.

b. Middle-Stage Wastewater from Pulp Making

The middle-stage wastewater is mainly from the washing, screening and bleaching

processs of the Pulp Making System, and the main contents are SS, COD and BOD. The


～ 47

black liquid from this process shall enter into the Aerobic Treatment System (I) for

treatment and discharge.

c. Wastewater from Paper Making System

The wastewater generated from the Paper Making System is mainly the white water

from paper making, sewage water from from the Slag Remover and the floor washing

water. After being filtered by the Multi-Plate Filter, the white water, Slag Remover

sewage water, felt washing water (Grinding Unit in the Paper Machine Room) and floor

washing water shall be reused mostly, with a part of it be sent to the Aerobic Treatment

System (II) for treatment and discharge.

d. Wastewater from Alkali Recovery System

The wastewater discharged from the Alkali Recovery System is mainly the

contaminated condensate water and cooling water. The cooling water from the Board-

Type Condenser at the Evaporation Unit may be reused after cooling down. The

contaminated condensate water shall enter into the Aerobic Treatment System (I) for

treatment and discharge.

e. Wastewater from Thermal Power Station

The wastewater discharge from the Thermal Power Station is mainly the wastewater

from the Boilers, Circulation Water System and Chemical Water Recycle Room and the

cooling water from the Water Supply Pump, Hydraulic Coupler and Induced Draft Fan.

The wastewater discharged is characterized by its cleaness and free of organic pollution.

The wastewater is directly discharged through the warm water outlet of the Station.

Accoring to the monitoring on the Company’s wastewater discharge conducted by

Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station on November 17~19 2010, the

monitoring resulted are listed in Table 2-8.

Table 2-8 Data Sheet of the Water Quality of the Project’s Wastewater Treatment System

Pollution loads

COD BOD5 SS NH3-N Projects Wastewater

emissions

m3/d mg/l t/d mg/l t/d mg/l t/d mg/l t/d

Discharge

place

WWTP Input 1380 161 124 7.8

The Final

Outlet

Total

88225

Reed

15450

95.7 8.44 19 1.68 27 2.38 7.18 0.63 Yangtze

River

The Power

Station Outlet 6750 58 0.39 11 0.07 13 0.07 7.16 0.05

The final

outlet

Table 2-8 showed that ,(1) the monitoring factors concentrain of the wastewater

discharged through the power plant outlet were:

pH6.91,CODcr58mg/L,BOD511mg/L,SS13mg/L,NH3-N7.16mg/L, have all met the

limitsvalues listed in Table 4 A standard of the “Integrated Wastewater Discharge

Standard” (GB8978-1996).


～ 48

(2) the monitoring factors concentrain of the wastewater discharged through the final

outlet were: pH7.73,CODcr95.7mg/L,BOD519mg/L,SS27mg/L,NH3-N7.18mg/L, have all

met the limitsvalues listed in Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for

Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008).

The parameters of total output with the wastewater quantityconcentration of SS,

CODcr, BOD5 and NH3-N are 94975m3/d ,2.45t/d,7.54t/d,1.75t/d,0.68t/d respectively.

2.1.6.2 Waste Gas

The atmospheric pollutants emission is mainly from the Thermal Power Station, Figure

2-9 showed the process flow of the generation and treatment of atmospheric pollutants and

Table 2-9 listed the measures for emission control of various atmospheric pollutants from the

Thermal Power Boilers and Alkali Recovery Boilers.


～ 49

Boiler

Steam

Turbine Power

Generator

High-

pressure

steam

Low-pressure steam

supplied to whole Plant

Power supplied to

whole Plant

Flue

gas Electrostatic / Baghouse

Dust Collector

Induced Draft

Fan

Coal

Pulverizer

Coal

Stockpile

Wet-Process

Desulphurization

System

Chimney release

Fugitive dust

Fugitive dust


～ 50

Figure 2-9 Process Flow of Atmospheric Pollutants Generation and Treatment at Thermal

Power Station

Table 2-101 Waste Gas Emission and Control Measures

No. Source of

Pollution

Main

Pollutants

Control

Measures Emission Ways

1 150t/h Pulverized

Coal Furnace

Dust

SO2

NOx

Electrostatic

Dust Collection

+ External

Desulphurization

2 150t/h Pulverized

Coal Furnace

Dust

SO2

NOx

Electrostatic

Dust Collection

+ External

Desulphurization

5 260t/h Fluidized

Bed

Dust

SO2

NOx

Baghouse Dust

Collection +

External

Desulphurization

6 260t/h Fluidized

Bed

Dust

SO2

NOx

Baghouse Dust

Collection +

External

Desulphurization

1. Waste gas from 4 Boilers is emissioned

through a 4.5mΦ×150m chimney where

online monitoring devices are installed

for conducting the emission of flue gas,

SO2 and NOX.

2. 1# Boiler and 2# Boiler are each

equipped with a desulphurization device,

5# and 6# Boilers are sharing a

desulphurization device.

3 130t/h Pulverized

Coal Furnace

Dust

SO2

NOx

Electrostatic

Dust Collection

+ External

Desulphurization

4 150t/h Pulverized

Coal Furnace

Dust

SO2

NOx

Electrostatic

Dust Collection

+ External

Desulphurization

Waste gas from 2 Boilers after respective

treatment is emissioned through a

2mΦ×100m chimney where online

monitoring devices are installed for

conducting the emission of flue gas, SO2

and NOX.

7

Alkali Recovery

Boiler, 270t/d

treatment of solid

substance

Dust

SO2

Electrostatic

Dust Collection

8

Alkali Recovery

Boiler, 530t/d

treatment of solid

substance

Dust

SO2

Electrostatic

Dust Collection

Waste gas from 2 Boilers after respective

treatment is emissioned through a

1.5mΦ×100m chimney where online

monitoring devices are installed for

conducting the emission of flue gas and

SO2.


～ 51

On November 17~19, 2010, Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station

conducted Stage 1 monitoring on the emission sources of waste gas from Yueyang Forest

& Paper Co., Ltd, the monitoring results listed in Table 2-11 are used for the Project’s

environmental impact assessment, so another onsite monitoring is not necessary here.

Meanwhile, Water Pollution Control Technology Hunan Key Laboratory conducted Stage

1 onsite monitoring on the fugitive emission of waste gas from the Plant, with two

monitoring stations established at the Plant boundary, one in the upper wind direction and

the other one in the lower wind direction. The monitoring resultes are listed in Table 2-12.

1. The emission concentrations of flue gas, SO2 and NOx of the waste gas

monitored at the outlets of 1#, 2#, 3# and 4# Boilers have all met Stage 2 standard as

specified in the “Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plant”

(GB13223-1996). The emission concentrations of flue gas, SO2 and NOx of the waste gas

monitored at the outlets of 5# and 6# Boilers have all met Stage 3 standard as specified in

the “Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plant” (GB13223-

1996).

2. The emission concentrations of flue gas, SO2 and NOx of the waste gas

monitored at the outlets of the Dust Collectors of the two Alkali Recover Boilers have all

met Level II standard listed in Table 2 of the “Integrated Emission Standard of

Atmospheric Pollutants” (GB16297℃1996).

3. The monitoring values of the particulates in fugitive emission of waste gas

have met the limitsvalues listed in Table 2 of the “Integrated Emission Standard of

Atmospheric Pollutants” (GB16297℃1996). The monitoring values of NH3 and H2S

emission have met the Level II standard listed in Table 1 of the “Stink Pollutants

Discharge Standard” (GB14554-93) concerning construction and expansion projects.

Table 2-12 Monitoring Results of Fugitive Emission of Waste Gas Unit: mg/m3

Monitoring

Points TSP NH3 H2S

Minimum value 0.12 0.04 0.002

Maximum value 0.15 0.07 0.002

Average value 0.14 0.05 0.002

Over-standard rate

% / / /

Upper wind

direction at

Plant boundary

Maximum over-

standard times / / /

Minimum value 0.18 0.08 0.01

Maximum value 0.22 0.1 0.01

Lower wind

direction at

Plant boundary

Average value 0.20 0.09 0.005


～ 52

Over-standard rate

% / / /

Maximum over-

standard times / / /

“Integrated Emission Standard of

Atmospheric Pollutants” (GB16297-

1996)

“Stink Pollutants Discharge

Standard” (GB14554-93) Standard

1.0 1.5 0.06


～ 53

Table 2-11 Monitoring Results of Main Sources of Waste Gas Pollution

Flue Gas SO2 NOX

Monitoring Point

Rate of

Waste Gas

Emission

(Nm3/h)

Emission

Concentration

(mg/Nm3)

Emission

Volume (kg/h)

Emission

Concentration

(mg/Nm3)

Emission

Volume

(kg/h)

Emission

Concentration

(mg/Nm3)

Emission

Volume

(kg/h)

1# Boiler (150t/h), Dust Collector exit

2# Boiler (150t/h), Dust Collector exit 344690 33.4 11.51 90 31.0 306.6 105.7


4# Boiler (150t/h), Dust Collector exit 171982 42.3 7.27 280 48.15 390.1 67.1


6# Boiler (260t/h), Dust Collector exit 309000 45 13.91 284 87.8 305 94.2

Alkali Recovery Boiler (270t/h), Dust

Collector exit

Alkali Recovery Boiler (530t/h), Dust

Collector exit

63987 20.3 1.30 248 15.87 25 1.60

GB13223-2003, Stage II 200 1200 650

GB13223-2003, Stage III 50 400 450

GB16297-1996 120 550 240


～ 54

2.1.6.3 Solid Waste

The solid waste generated during the existing project’s operation is mainly the cinder

and lime ash from the Thermal Power Station, lime ash and white sludge from the Alkali

Recovery Room, barks, sawdust and sand from the Pulp Making Room, active sludge

from the Filter at the Wastewater Treatment Station, etc. The disposal and comprehensive

use of the solid waste from each process is shown in Table 2-15.

Table 2-14 Pollution Sources of Solid Waste and Treatment Measures

Waste-Generation

Process/Unit Solid Waste

Vlume of

Absolute

Dry Pulp

(10,000t/a)

Solid Components Disposal

Material

Preparation

Room

Material crump 6.8 Barks, sawdust, reed

leaves, reed flowers

Comprehensive

utilization by

biomass boiler

Pulp Making

System Pulp slag 2.45 Knots, pulp slag, sand Recycled

Deinked Pulp

Making Deinked sludge, slag 4.36 Fiber, plastics

Disposed by the

Hunan Hanyang

Environmental

Protection

Technology

Co.,Ltd. The

company is a

hazardous solid

waste processing

units by Hunan

Chartered.

Alkali Recovery

System White sludge 3 CaCO3 All recycled as

production filler

Wastewater

Treatment Station Sludge 2.42 Sludge

Sent Woodland

to composted

Boilers Room Coal ash and slag 25 Nonflammable ash

content, carbon powder

Purchased and

recycled by

cement plants

Office Area Domestic waste / Plastic bags, etc.

Collective

disposal by

Municipal


～ 55

Waste-Generation

Process/Unit Solid Waste

Vlume of

Absolute

Dry Pulp

(10,000t/a)

Solid Components Disposal

Environmental

and Public

Hhealth

Department

2.1.6.4 Noise

The main sources of noise pollution generated during the existing project operation

include: various types of Pumps and Air Compressors installed at each workshop, Coal

Pulverizer at Thermal Power Station, fans, as well as high-pressure air evacuation, etc.

The main sources of noise pollution are listed in Table 2-15.

Table 2-15 Noise-Generating Equipments and Noise Level

Equipment Noise Level [dB(A)]

Coal Pulverizer 97-100

Induced Draft Fan 85

Air Compressor 95

Steam Turbine 90

Alkali Recovery Boiler 100~110

Pulp Pump 85~87

Water Pump 87

Pulp Grinder 99

On October 11, 2011, Water Pollution Control Technology Hunan Key Laboratory

conducted Stage 1 monitoring on the noise at Plant boundary of Yueyang Forest & Paper

Co., Ltd, the monitoring results are shown in Table 2-16. Comparative analysis showed

that the daytime and nighttime noise values monitored at the Plant boundary have all met

the Level III standard as specified in the “Emission Standard of Environmental Noise at

Plant Boundary of Industrial Enterprise” (GB12348-2008), i.e., daytime: 65 dB(A),

nighttime: 55dB(A).

Table 2-16 Monitoring Results of Noise at Plant Boundary

Monitoring Point Daytime Standard Value Nighttime Standard Value

East boundary 59.4 54.2

South boundary 56.8

65

55.0

55


～ 56

West boundary 57.9 54.0

North bounary 54.0

52.8

2.1.7 Occupational Health and Environmental Management

2.1.7.1 Occupational Health

As a key enterprise in the papermaking industry of Hunan Province, Yueyang Forest

& Paper Co., Ltd has established a complete system of occupational health management.

The framework is as follows:

The Company has established a network of occupational safety and health

management under the management of the “Occupational Safety and Health Committee”,

with the Company’s legal representative acting as the person in charge, in addition to the

establishment of the Occupational Safety and Health Office. The work of occupational

health is assigned to the Production Department, where 4 professional engineers have been

employed in charge of the business management of internal occupational health, the

distribution of personal protective devices, the training of occupational safety and health,

and the filing of occupational health documents, etc.

The Staff Hospital is equipped with 82 medical workers and 50 sickbeds, it is

responsible for participating in staff health protection and monitoring and acute

occupational poisoning rescue.

At present, the Company has established a complete procedure of technical operation

and formulated the “Operation Manual of the Management System of Environmental and

Occupational Safety and Health”, as well as complete occupational health management

rules and operation procedures, such as the “Inspection and Management Measures of

Occupational Safety and Health”, “Emergency Response Plan of Occupational

Accidents”, etc. The Company has been conducting regular drillings for emergency

preparedness of fire prevention and occupational poisoning accidents. The workers have

been educated to strictly implement the established rules and operational procedures

relating to occupational health in the production process, which has been effective in

protecting the labors’ health and eliminating occupational diseases, at the same time

beneficil to promoting production development.

At the beginning of this year, the Production Department has formulated a

monitoring plan of occupational disease factors and asked Yueyang Municipal Disease

Control Center to conduct random inspections on various types of occupational disease

factors. The inspection results shall be kept as occupational health files and reported to the

leaders the Plant regularly.

(A) Occupational Health Education

The occupational health education was conducted jointly by the Production

Department and the Workshops. All workers operating the equipments must accept

pretraining of occupational safety and health, as well as regular and irregular training of

occupational safety and health during their service.

In addition, a blackboard has been set up inside the Plant for regular dissemination of

laws, regulations, rules and operational procedures related to occupational disease

prevention and control, at the same time giving frequent instructions on how to use


～ 57

occupational disease prevention equipments and personal protection devices as well as

how to improve their awareness of self protection.

(B) Personal Protection Devices

In order to eliminate the damage caused by occupational disease and guarantee the

labors’ health, personal protection devices shall be distributed regularly to the workers

contacting hazardous substances, such as helmet, labor suit, labor shoes, gloves, flexible

earplugs, ear shield, anti-poison filter respirator, Hunan Labor Type II Dust-proof Mask,

protective glasses and heat-insulating clothes, etc.

According to the abovementioned measures, it is concluded that Yueyang Forest &

Paper Co., Ltd has established complete institutions and management systems for the

management of occupational health, basically able to meet the demand for occupational

health management once the Project renovation and expansion is finished and

commissioning is started. Based on the analysis of the inspection and test results, the

hazard of some occupational disease has not been under effective control, therefore, the

Company should strengthen the innovation of production technologies and the

construction of occupational health protection facilities, so as to further reduce the rate of

occupational disease outbreak.

2.1.7. Status of Environmental Management

(1) Construction of Environmental Protection Management Institutions

The Company has established an Environmental Protection Management Committee,

of which the General President is the Director and the members composed by the persons

in charge of each Division, the chief engineer is in charge of the management of

environmental protection, the Safety and Environmental Protection Department is

responsible for daily management of environmental protection, including the reduction

and control of solid waste, the control and treatment of waste gas, the control and

treatment of wastewater and noise control, etc. Each Division has appointed a part-time

manager and a part-time worker in charge of daily management of and communications on

environmental protection.

(2) Environmental Mangement System

The Company has established an environmental protection responsibility system, of

which the implementation by each Divison is under the leadership of the General Manager

and under the supervision of the Safety and Environmental Protection Department, the

inspections are to be conducted by respective Units, in addition, all of the environmental

protection equipments and personnel have been integrated into the organizational network

of environmental protection, with each equipment under the control of designated staff. A

system of three workers working at four shifts is implemented in the production units, the

monitoring of the production equipments and environmental protection equipments is

ensured through central control, onsite inspection and daily test, problems detected shall

be reported and handled in time to ensure up-to-standard discharge of pollutants.

The Company has established a series of environmental protection rules to

continuously improve the system of environmental protection, it has also passed the

certification of ISO14001 Environmental Mangement System. According to the principles

of “Realize Sustainable Development through Abiding by Laws and Regulations and


～ 58

Implementing Energy Conservation and Cleaner Production”, the Company has

formulated the environmental goals, for which each Unit shall be examined for rewarding

excellent performance and punishing underperformance. A series of procedures have been

formulated and implemented for pollution control, such as “Environmental Factor

Identification and Assessment Procedure”, “Wastewater Treatment Control Procedure”,

“Boiler Flue Gas Emission Control Procedure”, “Noise Control Procedure”, “Waste

Control Procedure”, “Resources and Energy Conservation Control Procedure”,

“Chemicals Management Procedure”, “Radiactive Installation Management Procedure”,

“Emergency Preparedness and Response Procedure”, etc. In addition, each Division has

appointed a manager and worker to conduct environmental protection management and

keep detailed records for “tracking”, in addition, the requirement for daily inspection has

been integrated into the overall system, and the examination results shall be used as basis

for apprasing the middle-level cadres’ performance, all of which has ensured the stable

operation and continuous improvement of ISO14001 Environmental Protection System.

2.2 Analysis of Technology Reform Project

2.2.1 Basic Facts

The basic facts of the technology reform project are listed in Table 2-17.

Table 2-17 Basic Facts of the Technology Reform Project

Project title Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd Cleaner Production Technology Reform

of Chemical Pulp Bleaching System

Project nature Technology reform

Total investment and

fundraising

Total investment: RMB2,297,700,000, in which investment in construction:

RMB2,160,200,000 (including USD5,030,000), all through self fundraising

and bank loans.

Construction scale and

product layout For daily production of 180t bleached chemical reed pulp

Project components See Table 2-14

Project location Existing Plant area of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd, see in Figure 1

Land area 2790m2, existing Plant area

Working hours per

annum 340×24=8160h

Implementation

progress Planned to finish the construction and start commissioning within one year

Product layout: The final product of the Project is bleached sulfate reed pulp paper, the

quality standard is illustrated in Table 2-18.


～ 59

Table 2-18 Quality Standard for Bleached Sulfate Reed Pulp

Standard Index Unit

Level I Level II

Mechanical strength

(in-processing pulp: 450SR,

handsheet ration: 60g/℃h)

Tensile index

Tearing index

Burst index

N.m/g

mN.m2/g

kPa.m2/g

45

4.50

3.00

38

3.50

2.50

Whiteness ℃ % 82 82

Dynamic viscosity ℃ cm3/g 550 450

Dust count

0.3~1.0mm2 dust ℃

1.0~5.0mm2 dust ℃

℃5.0mm2 dust

80

35

Not allowed

120

45

Not allowed

2.2.2 Engineering Construction

The construction contents of the technology reform Project are shown in Table 2-19.

Table 2-19 Components of Technology Reform Project

No. Engineering

Type

Reform Contents Production Capacity

1 Production

workshop

Pre

reform

Post reform

Washing

and

screening

To build a new Vacuum Pulp Wasing

Unit (180t/d) and phase out a

Vacuum Pulp Washer

1.1

Technology

reform of

chemical

reed pulp Bleaching

Out of existing bleaching system;To

install a new Delignification Unit,

change the old bleaching process into

ECF bleaching

180t/d

180t/d, black

liquid extraction

rate and pulp

quality improved

for better effect of

environmental

protection

2 Public


～ 60

utilities

2.1

Oxygen

Preparation

Station

To build a new Oxygen Preparation Station Auxiliary equipment of 180t/d

Chemical Reed Pulp Making

System

2.2

Chlorine

Dioxide

Preparation

Station

To build a new Station of Chlorine Dioxide

Preparation Auxiliary equipment of 180t/d

Chemical Reed Pulp Making

System

2.2.3Project constitutes and Relevance with EHS

Table 2-20 Project activities and compliance with EHS

No. EHS Project Pollution prevention and

control measures

Oxygen delignification ahead of the bleach plant Oxygen delignification ahead of the

bleach plant room

Efficient washing of the pulp ahead of the

bleaching (Kraft and sulfite mills)

Fully enclosed washing screening

process

Replacement of elemental chlorine bleaching with

elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching5 or total

chlorine free (TCF) bleaching

Through the transformation, achieved

without elemental chlorine bleaching,

reduced the potential impact of AOX

and dioxin in the bleaching process.

Reducing application of elemental chlorine by

decreasing chlorine multiple or increasing the

substitution of chlorine dioxide for molecular

chlorine

Through the transformation to achieve

chlorine dioxide substitution for

chlorine

Minimizing precursors such as dibenzo-p-dioxin

and dibenzofuran entering the bleach plant by

using precursor-free additives and thorough

washing;

Minimizing precursors such as

dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran

entering the bleach plant by using

closed screening

Eliminating pulping of furnish contaminated with

polychlorinated phenols Not use the aforementioned material

Collection and recycling of spent cooking liquor

spills

Collection and recycling of spent

cooking liquor spills as much as

possible in production process. Against

the possibility of boiling waste liquid

accident, developed Emergency

response plan.

Stripping and reuse of evaporation and digester

condensates in order to reduce odor producing

total reduced sulfur (TRS) compounds (Kraft and

sulfite mills).

Production process, using waste heat

recovery technology to minimize the

Gas emissions

Including chemical recovery in sulfite as well as

Kraft mills.

Recovery chemicals by using Alkali

recovery process

1.1 Waste

water

Manageme

nt

Recycling of white water, with fiber recovery by

means of disc filters, drum filters or micro

flotation units and minimization of the number of

fresh water intake points to the white water system

Recycling of white water to reduce

fresh water using in the whole process.


～ 61

1.2℃Waste

water

Treatment

Eliminating pulping of furnish contaminated with

polychlorinated phenols

Collection and recycling of spent cooking liquor

spills; Stripping and reuse of evaporation and

digester condensates in order to reduce odor

producing total reduced sulfur (TRS) compounds

(Kraft and sulfite mills).Including chemical

recovery in sulfite as well as Kraft mills.

Recycling of white water, with fiber recovery by

means of disc filters, drum filters or micro

flotation units and minimization of the number of

fresh water intake points to the white water

system; Primary mechanical treatment: A

mechanical clarification basin or settling pond is

commonly used to remove suspended solids from

wastewater. Chemical flocculation to assist in the

removal of suspended solids is sometimes applied;

Secondary treatment: Biological treatment is

applied in most types of pulp and paper operations

with relatively high discharges of organic

pollutants, including toxic compounds such as

resin acids and chlorinated organics. Specific

applications include a number of different types

and configurations of biological treatment. The

most commonly used systems include a

combination of i)activated sludge; ii) aerated

lagoons; iii) biological filters of various types,

often used in combination with other methods; iv)

anaerobic treatment used as a pre-treatment stage,

followed by an aerobic biological stage; and v)

combinations of different methods, when very

high efficiencies are necessary; Additionally,

extended aeration time is sometimes required to

oxidize toxic compounds such as resin and fatty

acids, reduce biological sludge formation and to

help ensure consistently high levels of treatment;

Anaerobic biological pretreatment is favored for

certain types of effluents that are high in

BOD/COD and low in toxic substances, such as

sulfite pulping condensates and mechanical

pulping and RCF effluents, with reuse of the

remaining purified condensates to reduce overall

water consumption and effluent volumes.

After the technology reform, the

middle-stage wastewater generated

from the Chemical Reed Pulp Making

System shall be treated at Aerobic

treatment station for Pulping

wastewater and then the Level III

Vapor Floatation Unit, after which the

water quality of the wastewater shall

meet the standard limits for discharge

of water pollutants from newly

constructed enterprises as specified in

Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of

Water Pollutants for Paper Industry”

(GB3544-2008).

2℃Gas

manageme

nt

For bleached and unbleached Kraft mills,

malodorous gases from vents at all points in the

process handling black liquor, unwashed brown

pulp, partially washed brown pulp, unbleached

pulp, and condensates should be collected and

incinerated to completely oxidize all reduced

sulfur compounds

Project takes the waste heat recovery in

the pulp cooking to minimize the

emissions of TRS gas


～ 62

In sensitive situations (i.e. proximity to residential

areas),consideration should be given to a standby

incinerator or other alternative incineration point

for the low-concentration TRS gases. The

recovery boiler is the preferred point of

incineration;

As the pulp output is low, it is currently

not yet taken measures to recovery

combustion TRS.

When waste water treatment plant odors are

problematic, considering use of oxygen activated

sludge with capture and subsequent incineration of

gaseous emissions.

As the pulp output is low, it is currently

not yet taken measures to recovery

combustion TRS.As a result of Alkali

recovery process, the organic matter

content of water significantly reduce in

sewage treatment station. The location

of the main stench sources, such as the

sludge dewatering plant, using

measures such as daily cleaning to

minimize the impact of malodorous

gases

Reducing sulfur emissions by concentrating black

liquor in the evaporator (Kraft mills) above 75%

dry solids before incineration in the recovery

boiler;

The concentration of black liquor has

been effectively improved in recovery

boiler evaporation section, to reduce

emissions of sulfur dioxide.

2.1 Gas

control

measures

of Alkali

boiler

Reducing sulfur emissions by controlling

combustion process parameters in the recovery

boiler including temperature, air supply,

distribution of black liquor in the furnace, and

furnace load (Kraft mills);

Monitoring results shows, the emission

concentrations of flue gas, SO2 and

NOx of the waste gas monitored at the

outlets of the Dust Collectors of the

two Alkali Recover Boilers have all

met Level II standard listed in Table 2

of the “Integrated Emission Standard of

Atmospheric Pollutants”

(GB16297℃1996).

Improving sludge dewatering to facilitate burning

of sludge (often in auxiliary boilers, using a

support fuel)

The chemical sludge was dehydrated

with drying beds and then was sent into

landfill.

Lime mud (Kraft mills) is normally recycled in the

mill recovery system but excess material can be

commercially used for liming of acid soils or

otherwise landfilled

Recycled and used for paper making

Green liquor sludge (Kraft mills) can be used as a

daily cover in solid waste landfills after improved

dewatering or, less frequently, as forest fertilizer

(based on an analysis of nutrient contents and

potential impacts from land application). It can

also be used as a neutralization agent for acidic

wastewater

A small amount of green liquor sludge

and Lime slag be sent into the landfill

for safe disposal

3℃Residue

s and

Waste

Biological sludge can be incinerated in the bark

boiler together with fiber sludge, or evaporated

and incinerated in the kraft mill recovery system.

It can also be composted with other organic

materials for the preparation of soil products

Incinerated in the mill’s biofuel boiler

2.2.4 Planar Layout

The planar layout of the project is to meet the demand for production processes and

materials transportation by providing a smooth network for logistics of raw materials and


～ 63

finished products. The passageways for personnel and goods transportation are separated

to maintain smooth logistics. The layout is designed based on the consideration of intact

network and convenient connection to the old Plant, at the same time try to avoid the

impact on the existing production units caused by the Project construction.

The Project’s technology reform involves the Bleaching Unit of the Chemical Reed

Pulp Making Room, the process of chlorine dioxide preparation and the Oxygen

Preparation Station. According to the layout principles and Project engineering, the layout

plan is: the Continuous Cooking Unit of the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System shall be

remained at the preserved position; the General Preparation Room in the old Overall Yard

shall be dismantled to build a new Chemical Reed Pulp Making Room; the original

Mechanical Pulp Room shall be dismantled to build a new Oxygen Preparation Station

and Chlorine Dioxide Preparation Station. The general layout of the Project is illustrated

in Figure 2.

2.2.5 Public Utilities and Auxiliary Facilities

2.2.5.1 Water Supply and Wastewater Discharge

1. Water Supply

The Project is a technology reform of the existing Bleaching Unit of the Chemical Reed

Pulp Making Room, after which the water consumption shall be reduced, so will the

demand for water supply. After Technology Reform, the water consumption of Chemical

Reed Pulp Room is 8953m3/d. The data on water consumption by the whole Plant are


Table 2-21 Water Consumption by the Whole Plant After Technology Reform

No. Production Unit / Workshop Consumption of Clear

Water (m3/d)

Remarks

1 Bleached chemical reed

pulp 8917

2 Bleached chemical wood

pulp 9393

3 Alkali recovery 12000

5 Aspen chemi-

mechanical pulp 12000

6

Pulp

Making

System

Deinked pulp 10500




10

Paper

Machine

System



～ 64



13


Thermal Power Station, circulation

cooling water addition 18000

14

Thermal Power Station, industrial use 5500

15 Total 114810

2. Wastewater Discharge

After the technology reform, the volume of wastewater discharge from the Chemical

Reed Pulp Making System shall be reduced as well, the data on wastewater discharge

from the Chemical Reed Pulp Making Room before and after the technology reform are

listed in Table 2-22. The overall water balance of the Chemical Reed Plant after the

technology reform in Figure 2-10, The overall water balance of the Plant after the

technology reform is illustrated in Figure 2-11.

Table 2-22 Variations of Wastewater Discharge from Chemical Reed Pulp Making System Before

and After Technology Reform

Volume of Wastewater Discharge

Pre-reform Post-reform

No.

Wastewater

Discharge

Unit/System

Type of

Wastewater

Discharge Discharge

m3/t

Average

rate

m3/h

Discharge

m3/t

Average

rate

m3/h

Variation of

Discharge

Volume

m3/d

1

Production

Line of

Chemical

Reed Pulp

Water consumed

for general

production

85.83 643.75 48.9 366.6 ℃277.15

2.2.5.2 Power Supply

The current supply of electricity from outside include two 2×110kV lines, from

Baling Transformer Substation (220Kv) and Luowang Transformer Substation (220Kv)

respectively, one for use and one for backup. The newly increased load of power demand

is 4003kW, which is planned to be supplied from the nearby No.2 Transformer Station,

the power saved from the dismantled units shall be used for the Project construction.


～ 65

2.2.5.3 Thermal Power Station

The Project is cleaner production technology reform of the Chemical Pulp Bleaching

System, i.e., to change the CEF bleaching process into ECF bleaching process, in addition

to the replacement of the Vacuum Pulp Washer. There is no increase of thermal load for

the Project construction, so the existing productivity of the Thermal Power Station is

capable of meeting the thermal power demand of the whole Plant after reform.


～ 66

Reed142

Continuous

cooking

43

Spray boiler

1521

1 to 4 Vacuum Washer

Pulp pool

5942

Level 1 pressure screen

20℃30m2 Pulp washing

machine

Black liquid pool

Black liquor 1500

4567

6067

Screen of Remove the section

1521

6088

Level 1

pressure

1083

2007 5769

Reed residue 173

Cone Desander

239

4427

Reed residue 409 1761 72

9498

9060

600 170 200

337

5# Black liquor barrel

7790

5164 12954

Polluted-Condensate

water from Alkali

1422

2000 2178

1722

Medium concentration

Standpipe

1535

Level 1 Oxygen Removal Reactor

1535

Spout Pulp Tower

1533

1# Vacuum Washer

8744

Medium concentration Standpipe

3016

D0 Reaction Tower

3016

2# Vacuum Washer

10150


Standpipe

1419

1419

Alkali treatment tower

5591

3# Vacuum Washer

1403


Standpipe 1403

D1 Reaction Tower

8379

4# Vacuum Washer

2270

Pulp Storage Pool

3270 Into the paper-making workshop

3664

1500

1#Water Seal Pool 10280

7211

2#Water Seal Pool 9689

3069

3069

2552

7134 3016

2

2

2000 800

527 500

3640 500

3#Water Seal Pool

11191

786 100

ClO2

White

Water 1000

2

4#Water Seal Pool

7995

1401 6978

5135

1500

Legend

Fresh water Hot water 南lack l科quor

wastewater

Figure 2-10 The overall water balance of the

Chemical Reed Plant after the technology reform

Hot water from

Alkali recovery

1882

4174

1017 8799

Aerobic wastewater treatment plant


～ 67


～ 68

2# Paper Machine

Room

3# Paper Machine

Room

4# Paper Machine

Room

5# Paper Machine

Room

6# Paper Machine

Room

6# Paper Machine

Room

Figure 2-11 The overall water balance of the Plant after the technology reform

Units m3/d

27611

1# Paper Machine

Room Chemical Wood Pulp

Making Room

Alkali Recovery

room

Chemical Reed Pulp

Making Room

Industrial water, Demineralized water

Cooling water of

thermal power station

Aerobic Treatment

System (II)

The Final Outlet

Discharged into the

Yangtze Rive

18000

5500 6750

316038 316038

Fresh water

114810

8917

12000

9393

15640

11240

3500

4000

8799

16696

4900

1700

5200

700

9500

4510

1580

4750

620

8650

White water 33060

44307 84117

3000

115

411

1675

390

120

450

80

85

Pluverized

Coal Tank

Reused after multi-plate filter

4500 4072 Old Deinked Pulp

Making Room

42

12000 Chemi-mechanical

Pulp Making Room

72

6000 New Deinked Pulp Making

Room

58

Anaerobic

Wastewater

Treatmetn System

Aerobic

Treatment

System (I)

15000 13700 130

1500 1350

15

Level III Vapor

Flotation System

11280

5416

44307

33060 6750


～ 69

2.2.6 Technical Indices for Main Processes

The technical parameters used for the main processes of the Chemical Reed Pulp

Making System are listed in Table 2-23.

Table 2-23 Technical Parameters for Main Processes of Chemical Reed Pulp Making System

No. Index Unit Quantity Remarks

1 Working days per annum d/a 340

2 Working hours per day h/d 24

3 Rigidity of coarse pulp KP value 13

4 Rate of black liquid extraction % 92~95

5 Concentration of pulp from Double-

Roller Squeezer

% 25~35

6 Temperature for delignification ℃ 90

7 Concentration of delignified pulp % 10

8 Reaction time of delignification min 60

9 Pulp rigidity after delignification KP value 5℃7

10 Concentration of pulp at Pressure

Screen

% 2~4.5

11 Yielding rate of coarse pulp % 48℃52

12 Yielding rate of bleached pulp % 42℃43

13 Whiteness of bleached pulp % (ISO) 80℃83

14 Concentration of black liquid at

Alkali Recovery Room

% DS 10

2.2.7 Consumption of Raw & Auxiliary Materials and Energy

The consumption of raw materials, auxiliary materials and energy by the Chemical

Reed Pulp Making System after the technology reform is listed in Table 2-24, the

consumption of raw materials and power for chlorine dioxide preparation is listed in Table

2-25, and the power consumption at the Oxygen Preparation Station is listed in Table 2-

26.

Table 2-24 Consumption of Raw Materials and Energy by Chemical Reed Pulp

Making System After Technology Reform

No. Material Consumption Index (ton

pulp) Annual Consumption


～ 70

Unit

Index

Value Unit Volume

1 Reed (including 10% water content) t 2.38 t 121380

2 Alkali for cooking use kg 368 t 18768

In which: NaOH (100%) kg 350 t 17850

Na2S (100%) kg 18 t 918

3 Alkali for bleaching (NaOH 100%) kg 30 t 1530

4 Oxygen for bleaching kg 16 t 816

5 H2O2 for bleaching (100%) kg 5 t 255

6 Chlorine dioxide kg 17 t 867

7 Magnesium sulfate kg 3 t 153

8 DTPA kg 1 t 51

9 Water m3 48.7 t 3165500

10 Electricity kwh 400 kwh 20400000

11 Steam t 2.1 t 107100

Table 2-25 Consumption of Raw Materials and Power for Chlorine Dioxide Preparation

1tClO2 Consumption

Index Annual Consumption

No. Material

Unit Index

Value Unit Volume

1 Sodium chlorate t 1.64 t 5074

2 Methanol t 0.15 t 464

3 Suphuric acid t 1 t 3094

4 Electricity kWh 200 kWh 618800

5 Steam t 5 t 15470

6 Water (recycled) m3 155 m

3 479570

In which: chilled water (7~10℃) m3 100 m

3 309400

Cooling water (≤30℃) m3 55 m

3 170170

7 Byproduct: mirabilite (purity 91%) t 1.4 t 4332


～ 71

Table 2-26 Consumption of Raw Materials and Power at Oxygen Preparation Station

No. Material Unit Volume Remarks

1 Electricity Installed

capacity: kW 500

2 Water m3/h 1.7

3 Cooling water (≤30℃) m3/h 25 Recycled

4 Oxygen flow rate Nm3/h 500 Pressure: 12bar

2.2.8 Main Equipments

The main equipments installed for the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System are listed

in Table 2-27, Table 2-28 and Table 2-29.

Table 2-27 Main Equipments of Chemical Reed Pulp Making System

No. Equipment Model Quantity Remarks

1 Vacuum Pulp Washer 100m2 1

2 Delignification System (including the Mixer,

Delignification Tower and Spray Tower)

1 Key parts

imported from

abroad

3 D0 Bleaching System (including the Mixer and

Bleaching Tower)

1 Key parts

imported from

abroad

4 Eo Bleaching System (including the Mixer and Eo

Tower)

1 Key parts

imported from

abroad

5 D1 Bleaching System (including the Mixer and

Bleaching Tower)

1 Key parts

imported from

abroad

6 Medium-Concentration Pulp Pump 4

7 Vacuum Pulp Washer of Bleaching Unit 80m2 4

8 Tank 1

9 Pump 1


～ 72

Table 2-28 Main Equipments for Chlorine Dioxide Preparation


1 Chlorine Dioxide

Generator

Capacity of chlorine dioxide

preparation: 12t/d

1 Imported from

abroad

2 Reboiler 1 Imported from

abroad

3 Circulation Tube of

Generator

1 Imported from

abroad

4 Cooler 1 Imported from

abroad

5 Chlorine Dioxide

Absorption Tower

1 Imported from

abroad

6 Exhaust Gas Washing

Machine

1 Imported from

abroad

7 Mirabilite Suspension

Tank

1 Imported from

abroad

8 Mirabilite Suspension

Filter

1 Imported from

abroad

Table 2-29 Main Equipments of Oxygen Preparation Station


1 Air Blower 1 Capacity of oxygen

preparation: 500Nm3/h

2 Absorption Tower 2

3 Surge Tank 1

4 Vacuum Pump 1

5 Oxygen Compressor 1

2.2.9 Production Processes

2.2.9.1 Bleaching Process after Technology Reform

The screened pulp is pumped into the Vacuum Pulp Washer of the new production

line for washing and condensing, after which the pulp (concentration 10%) goes through

the Discharging Helix Tube and enters into the Medium-Concentration Vertical Tube of

D0 Pump. D0 Process is a medium-concentration upflow bleaching process, during which

the steam is filled into the Medium-Concentration Vertical Tube for heating, after having

reached the bleaching temperature, the pulp is pumped by the Medium-Concentration Pulp


～ 73

Pump into the Chlorine Dioxide Medium-Concentration Mixer, where it is mixed with

chlorine dioxide and then pumped into D0 Tower, after certain time, the pulp is pumped

out of D0 Tower from the top outlet, after which it is diluted by white water and sodium

hyposulfite solution and the residual chlorine is removed. EP Process is a medium-

concentration downflow bleaching process, during which caustic soda and Hydrogen

peroxide is added into the Discharging Helix Tube of D0 Pulp Washer, then heated by the

Double-Roller Mixer and sent to EP Tower, then the pulp from EP Pulp Washer goes

through the Helix Conveyor and enters into the Medium-Concentration Vertical Tube of

D1 Pump. D1 Process is a medium-concetration upflow bleaching process, during which

the steam is filled into the into the Medium-Concentration Vertical Tube for heating, after

having reached the bleaching temperature, the pulp is pumped by the Medium-

Concentration Pulp Pump into the Chlorine Dioxide Medium-Concentration Mixer, where

it is mixed with chlorine dioxide and then pumped into D1 Tower, after certain time, the

pulp is pumped out of D1 Tower from the top outlet, after which it is diluted by white

water and sodium hyposulfite solution and the residual chlorine is removed. The pulp

from D1 Tower is sent to the newly installed 80m2 Drum-Type Vacuum Pulp Washer for

washing, after which it is pumped by the Medium-Concentration Pulp Pump into the Post-

Bleaching Pulp Storage Tower, where it is diluted by white water and pumped into the

Double-Net Press Filter for dehydration, then it is sent to the Paper Machine Room. Some

wastewater will be generated during the bleaching process, which shall be treated at the

Wastewater Sedimentation Tank for being used at the Bleaching Unit, no part of it is

discharged outside the System. The process flow of the bleaching unit after technology

reform is illustrated in Figure 2-12.

2.2.9.3 Chlorine Dioxide Preparation

The preparation of chlorine dioxide is based on R8 Process, i.e., the sodium chloride

solution, sulphuric acid and methanol are added separately into different units of the

Chlorine Dioxide Preparation System, including the Reactor, Reboiler, Circulation Tube

and Circulation Pump. The generated chlorine dioxide gas and water vapor are filled

together into the Chlorine Dioxide Absorption Tower, where it is sprayed and absorbed

into chlorine dioxide solution by the chilled water (7℃10℃) and stored at the Chlorine

Dioxide Storage Tank, then it shall be sent to the Bleaching Unit of the Pulp Making

Room. The complete system operates under negative pressure, the exhaust gas and

noncondensable gas is washed and discharged through the Draught Fan. In the process of

reaction, a byproduct of mirabilite is produced and sent to the Alkali Recovery Room for

use. The process flow is illustrated in Figure 2-13.

The raw material of methanol is pumped from the Storage Tank and filtered and then

diluted by fresh water to get a volume concentration at 20%, then it is added into the

Generator System through the Venturi Tube behind the Reboiler. The concentrated H2SO4

is pumped by a Material Supply Pump into the Filter, the filtered H2SO4 is sent to Venturi

Tube for automization by hot water and then sent to the Generator System. The raw

material of NaClO3 crystal is first sent to the Dissolving Tank for complete dissolution

and sedimentation, then be pumped by the Discharging Pump into the Storage Tank for

storage, then be pumped out by a Material Supply Pump and sent to the Filter, after which

it enters into the lower Circulation Tube of the Generator and be pumped by the

Circulation Pump into the Reboiler and then Generator. The generated ClO2 is released

from the Generator, and the residual liquid and byproducts left after reaction and shall


～ 74

gravitate to the bottom of the Generator and become the mother liquid, which shall

circulate between the Reboiler and the Generator continuously driven by the Circulation

Pump, at the same time it continues to mix with the continuously added NaClO3 solution,

concentrated sulphuric acid and methanol for continuous reaction and generation of ClO2

gas. During the continuous generation of ClO2, a byproduct of mirabilite is also

continuously crystallizing inside the Generator. Part of the liquid (containing crystal

mirabilite) inside the Generator shall be pumped by a Supply Pump into the Mirabilite

Filter to get the crystal mirabilite, which shall be dissolved by hot water and pumped into

the Alkali Recovery Room for use. The mother liquid left inside the Filter shall be sent

back to the Circulation System of the Generator for further circulation and reaction. The

gas of ClO2 generated inside the Generator is diluted by water vapor and become a mixed

gas containing a very small content of chlorine gas, the mixed gas comes out of the top of

the Generator and enters into the Indirect Gas Cooler for cooling down, then it enters into

the Absorption Tower and is absorbed by chilled water and forms into ClO2 solution,

which is sent by a Transfer Pump to the ClO2 Solution Storage Tank, finally is pumped by

the Transport Pump to the Bleaching Unit for use.

The vacuum which is required by Generator System and Mirabilite Filter produced by

two vacuum syringe using Medium pressure steam pumping to generate vacuum(Venturi

device). The chilled water used to Absorption and the gas washing produced by the

refrigeration machine.


～ 75

Figure 2-12 Process Flow of Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching After Technology Reform

Natural color pulp

Pre-bleaching Pulp Tower

Pre-bleaching Pulp Pump

Pre-bleaching Pulp Washer

Vertical Tube of M-C Pulp Pump

D0 Medium-Concen. Pulp Pump

Steam Heater

Medium-Concen. White Liquid Mixing Tower

Top Scraper Unloader

Pre-bleaching Filtrate Tank

Filtrate Middle-stage drainage D0 Pulp

Washer EOP Pulp Washer D1 Pulp

Washer

℃



Post-bleaching Pulp Tower

Pre-bleaching Filtrate Tank

Filtrate Middle-stage drainage

℃

D0 Filtrate TankFiltrate Middle-stage drainage

℃

D0 Filtrate TankFiltrate Middle-stage drainage

℃

M-pressure steam

EOP Medium-Concen. Pulp

Pump

NaOH H2O2

NaOH

D1 Medium-Concen. Pulp Pump

Post-bleaching Pulp Pump

Steam Heater Steam Heater Rotary Drum Squeezer

H2SO4

C102

D0 Bleaching Tower

Na2S2O3


EOP Pre-reaction Tower

EOP Chemical Reaction Tower


D1 Bleaching Tower

Top Scraper Unloader

White Pulp Tank

EOP Tower Pulp Outflow Pump

Na2S2O3

M-pressure steam

M-pressure steam

C102


～ 76

The vacuum needed by the Generator System and Mirabilite Filter is generated

respectively by two Vacuum Injectors (Venturi Device) in which medium-pressure steam

is used for suction. The exhaust gas generated by the whole System enters into the Gas

Washing Tower to be washed by chilled water and released into the air, the thin ClO2

solution after gas washing enters into the Absorption Tower for further absorption and

concentration, the chilled water used for absorption and washing is generated by the

Chilling Unit.


～ 77

Gas Washing Tower

Exhaust Gas Blower

Wastewater

Sodium Chlorate Dissolution Tank

Sodium Chlorate Transport Pump

Dissolved Sodium Chlorate Storage Tank

Sodium Chlorate Loading Pump

Solid sodium chlorate

Methanol Unloading Pump

Methanol Storage Tank

Methanol Loading Pump

Methanol

Sulphuric acid

Unloading

Sulphuric acid

Storage Tank

Sulphuric acid

Loading Pump

Sulphuric acid

Re-boiler Reactor

Circulation Pump

Clear water

Chilled Water Unit

Chilled Water Tank

Chilled Water Liquid Moving Pump

Chilled Water Filter

Indirect Gas Cooler

Absorption Tower

Spray Condenser

Vacu

um

Injecto

r

Vacu

um

Injecto

r

Chlorine Dioxide Liquid Moving Pump

Chlorine Dioxide Storage Tank

Chlorine Dioxide Transport Pump

Chlorine Dioxide Solution to Bleaching

Unit

Mirabilite Filter Release Pump

Absorption Tower

Water Seal Tank

M-Pressure steam

M-Pressure steam

Mirabilite Distribution

■

▲

■■■■ Solid waste

pollution

source

▲ Waste gas

pollution

source

Figure 2-13 Post-reform Chlorine Dioxide Preparation Process

▲


～ 78

2.2.9.4 Oxygen Preparation Station

The Pressure Swing Absorption Oxygen Generator is used for oxygen preparation,

the filtered air is sent by the Blower from the bottom of the Absorption Tower, where the

active alumina removes the hydrone and CO2 molecule, then the air comes to the upper

part of the Tower and passes through the fixed Zeolite Molecular Sieve, during which the

nitrogen molecule is absorbed and dispersed into the solid, while the oxygen and argon

atoms enter into the Buffer Tank and then the Oxygen Compressor to be compressed with

needed pressure, then the oxygen is sent to the Pulp Making Room for use.

2.2.10 Comparison of the Processes Before and After Technology Reform

1. Disadvantages of CEH 3-Stage Bleaching:

The traditional chlorine-containing bleaching process has been used for the Chemical

Reed Pulp Making System, i.e., the so called CEH bleaching process (Chlorination –

Alkali Extraction – Hypochlorite Bleaching). The wastewater pollution caused by CEH

bleaching is very serious, besides the high burden of BOD and COD, large amount of

organic chloride is generated, some with extremely high degree of carcinogenicity; the

wastewater generated during CEH bleaching is hard to dispose, and a large proportion of

organic chloride can not degrade during biochemical treatment. The chemical agent used

for bleaching accounts for 15 25% of the total amount used for chemical pulp making,

and the release of this part of chemicals together with the wastewater discharge is a major

wasting. In addition, since the wastewater can not be reused, the volume of water

consumption by the whole System is very high. Such method of bleaching can not meet

the demand for sustainable development because it causes serious environmental pollution

and huge resources wasting. The specific disadvantages are:

℃ Environmental damage caused by bleaching agents. The bleaching agents used for

CEH 3-stage bleaching are mainly chlorine-containing agent---chlorine gas and

hypochlorite. Chlorine is a poisonous gas that damages the ozone and reacts with water

drops into acid substance, then acid rain is formed and causes corrosion to the buildings.

Hypochlorite has lower degree of toxicity, but this oxident is so strong that it kills the

microbes living in waters, the organic substances in the oxidation water turns into organic

chlorine.

℃ Organic chloride pollution caused by traditional bleaching process. Large amount

of organic chloride (AOX) is generated during the bleaching process, the main substances

include: chloroform---extremely high toxicity and carcinogenicity, the chronic poisoning

will cause damage to livers and kidneys with a series of symptoms; in addition,

chloroform is one of the substances generating phosgenic substances and causing serious

damage to ozone; chlorinated phenolic compounds---the use of chlorine-containing

bleaching agent will also result in the generation of toxic chlorinated organics during

delignification process, which are not easy to conduct biochemical or non-biochemical

degradation, and the discharge of such substances into the natural waters will cause harm

to production: low concentration and slow accumulation causing pathology, high

concentration causing death directly; chlorinated dioxin and furan---toxic substances

causing cancers, pathological change, dysgenesis and multiple carnial nerve palsy.


～ 79

℃ Wastewater from traditional bleaching can not be reused. At present, pulpmaking

enterprises installed with alkali recovery system have all solved the problem of pollution

caused by cooking waste liquid, which has brought economic benefits, so the main

pressure is mainly from the bleaching wastewater from Chemical Pulp Making System.

For an Advanced Pulp Plant with a well functioning alkali recovery system, if the

wastewater from bleaching is discharged without treatment, the pollution burden will

account for more than 85% of the whole Plant’s pollution burden. However, it can not be

used for pulp washing and floor washing, just as white water from paper making is used,

so the loss of chemicals from direct discharge is a huge waste of resources. During the

bleaching of pulp by using chlorine-containing bleaching agent, about 92% chlorine

element shall turn into chloridion that reacts with sodium and forms the substance sodium

chloride, the rest 8% chlorine element is transformed into organic chlorine. If such

bleaching wastewater is used for pulp washing or as dilution water for making cooking

liquid, due to it’s soluble nature in water, the resultant chloridion concentration in alkali

liquid shall definitely reduce the concentration of alkali after green liquid causticization, at

the same time the chloridion is corrosive to the equipment, so the bleaching wastewater

must be released, which is a waste of resources in addition to the environmental pollution.

However, the volume of alkali used for pulp bleaching accounts for 2 4% of the pulp

volume and 15 25% of the total consumption of alkali for pulp making, plus the high

content of organic substances in the wastewater, if the wastewater may be recycled and

used for pulp washing or as dilution water for making cooking liquid, the chemicals would

be recycled, the thermal energy contained by the organics would be obtained, and the cost

for wastewater treatment would be saved.

2. Advantages of ECF Bleaching Compared with Traditional Single-Stage H

Bleaching or 3-Stage CEH Bleaching:

In design of the technology reform Project, ECF bleaching technology is selected

based on the consideration of economic benefits and environmental protection benefits,

which is a technology based on chlorine dioxide and having become the dominating

technology in modern enterprises of bleached chemical pulp making. With same volume

of effective chlorine used for bleaching, the volume of organic chloride (AOX) generated

in chlorine dioxide bleaching is only 1/5 of that in Cl2 bleaching, so the acidity, chroma

and sodium chloride content shall be reduced, in addition, ECF bleaching can hardly

generate dioxin or persistent bioaccumulative toxins.

℃ Permanent Applicability

During the past decade, onsite investigation and chemical analysis showed that the

discharge of wastewater from a well managed paper plant using ECF bleaching almost

contains no dioxin or persistent bioaccumulative toxins. The residual chlorine containing

organic substances left after ECF bleaching contains a type of component similar to those

naturally degradable and permanent substances. Research showed that these substances

will not cause damage to the aquatic ecosystem.

℃ Pollution Prevention

The prevention of pollution is not just the prevention of the entrance of pollutant

sources into the ecosystem or afterpollution treatment. Pollution control and wastewater

treatment is not sufficient for serious prevention. It is declared by the Dioxin Emission

International Joint Commission of Canadian Bleached Chemical Pulp and Paper Plant that


～ 80

the substitution of element chlorine bleaching by chlorine dioxide bleaching for pulp

making is a significant achievement. Such substitution has almost eliminated the

possibility of dioxin generation.

℃ Best Applicable Technology

In 1990s, in order to respond to the public concern on environment, the government

authorities promulgated a number of new regulations on paper industry. One common

feature of these regulations and rules is the “Best Applicable Technology” (BAT). The use

of chlorine dioxide in ECF bleaching will generate some toxic substances, but these

substances will cause very limited damage to the environment or pollution to the

atmosphere. Meanwhile, wastewater generated during ECF bleaching may be recycled and

used for pulp washing or as dilution water for making cooking liquid, as a result, the water

consumption for pulp making is saved, the base in the wastewater is recycled, and the

thermal energy in the organics is obtained. In addition, the pulp after ECF bleaching has a

superb quality, so U.S.A and EU have regarded ECF bleaching as the core element of

BAT.

2.2.11 Main Pollutant Sources of Technology Reform Project and Proposed Measures for

Pollutiion Treatment

2.2.11.1 Wastewater

The Project is mainly the technology reform for the Bleaching Unit of the Chemical

Reed Pulp Making System. According to the Project analysis, the discharge of wastewater

from the Chemical Reed Pulp Making Room is 8799m3/d, a volume after a reduction of

6651m3/d compared to pre-reform discharge, mainly middle-stage wastewater with the

main contents including fiber suspension SS and organic pollutants BOD and COD.

According to the installation level of the paper making process equipments, data on the

estimated water quality of the discharged wastewater are listed in Table 2-30.

Table 2-30 Data Sheet of the Project’s Sources of Wastewater Pollutants

Water Quality (mg/L)

No. Wastewater

Source

Daily

Discharge

m3/d

BOD5 CODcr SS pH AOX Dioxin

1

Chemical

Reed Pulp

Making

Room

8799 161 1380 124 10.5 6.67 Minimum

At present, Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd has established two Aerobic Wastewater

Treatment Stations (Q1=40000m3/d, Q2=60000m

3/d) in which the technology of

secondary biotreatment has been adopted. After the technology reform, the middle-stage

wastewater generated from the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System shall be treated at

Aerobic treatment station for Pulping wastewaterand then the Level III Vapor Floatation

Unit, after which the water quality of the wastewater shall meet the standard limits for

discharge of water pollutants from newly constructed enterprises as specified in Table 2 of

the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008).


～ 81

2.2.11.2 Waste Gas

For the reform of the Bleaching Unit of the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System,

according to the Project analysis and the investigation on the Chlorine Dioxide

Preparation Unit of Yuanjiang Paper Plant, a small amount of exhaust gas shall be

generated during the Project’s chlorine dioxide preparation process, in which there is the

content of ClO2 and very small amount of Cl2. The exhaust gas generated from the System

shall be sent to the Gas Washing Tower where chilled water is used for washing, after

which the diluted ClO2 solution enters into the Absorption Tower to continue absorbing

ClO2 for higher concentration, the small amount of Cl2 is released directly by the Blower.

The small generation of Cl2 shall cause very limited impact on the environment.

2.2.11.3 Solid Waste

The solid waste generated from the Project construction mainly includes the

byproduct of crystal mirabilite generated during the process of chlorine dioxide

preparation and the sludge from the operation of the Wastewater Treatment System.

Certain byproducts shall be generated from the preparation of chlorine dioxide,

mainly the crystal mirabilite at a rate of 4332t/a, which shall be filtered and used for the

Alkali Recovery System. The volume of sludge generated from this part of wastewater

after treatment is about 4000t/a, which may be sent directly to the Thermal Power Station

for incineration in the Biomass Boiler.

2.2.11.4 Noise

The sources of noise generated during the Project construction are mainly the Pulp

Pumps, Water Pumps and Air Compressors. The equipments that generate noise, as well

as the noise levels, are listed in Table 2-31.

Table 2-31 Noise Levels at Main Workshops

Equipment Source Intensity of Indoor

Noise Leq[dB(A)]

Source Intensity of Outdoor

Noise Leq[dB(A)]

Reed Chipper 94

Pulp Pump, Water Pump 86

Air Compresser 110

Pulp Washer 90

80

2.3 Overall Discharge of Main Pollutants Before and After Technology Reform

2.3.1 Wastewater

After the technology reform, the discharge of wastewater pollutants from the whole Plant shall

be reduced respectively. After a reduction of CODcr184.5t/a,BOD544.2t/a , SS 110.4t/a and NH3-

N15.1t/a, respectively. The discharge of wastewater pollutants after the technology reform are

CODCr 2379.1t/a, BOD5 550.8t/a , SS 772.6t/a and NH3-N 216.1t/a respectively.


～ 82

Table 2-32 Variations of Wastewater Discharge Before and After Technology Reform

Item

Wastewater

Discharge

(10,000m3/a)

CODCr

Discharge

(t/a)

BOD5

Discharge

(t/a)

SS

Discharge

(t/a)

NH3-N

Discharge

(t/a)

Actual discharge from the existing

Project(up-to-standard discharge) 3229 2563.6 595 833 231.2

Total discharge after technology reform 2860 2379.1 550.8 772.6 216.1

Total discharge after technology

reform the actural discharge from the

existing Project

-369 -184.5 -44.2 -110.4 -15.1

2.3.2 Waste Gas

According to calculation, the Thermal Power Station is capable of meeting the

thermal demand of the whole Plant after the Project construction, therefore, there is no

need for increasing the capacity of thermal supply. The emission of atmospheric pollutants

from the whole Plant after the technology reform will remain the same, i.e., SO2 1491.8t/a,

dust 264.87t/a and NOX 1342.4t/a.

Table 2-33 Emission of Waste Gas After Technology Reform

Item

Waste Gas

Emission

(10,000m3/a)

SO2 Emission

(t/a)

Dust Emission

(t/a)

NOX

Emission

(t/a)

Actual emission from the existing

Project 725961.7 1491.8 264.87 1342.4

Total emission after technology

reform 725961.7 1491.8 264.87 1342.4


～ 83

2.3.3 Solid Waste

The solid waste generated from the Project construction for technology reform

includes mainly the sludge from the Wastewater Treatment Station and mirabilite, the

sludge generated after wastewater treatment is used as Boiler fuel, while the mirabilite is

used for Alkali Recovery System. The total volume of solid waste generated from the

whole Plant after the technology reform is 346895t/a, and the rate of comprehensive use is

100%.

2.4 Conformity of Technology Reform to Industry Planning and Environmental

Protection Policies

2.4.1 Conformity of Technology Reform to Environmental Protection Policies

According to the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry”

(GB3544-2008), the standard for the discharge of AOX, benchmark wastewater discharge

per unit product and water quality of discharged wastewater shall be higher and stricter.

Therefore, ECF technology is a practical and mature option for the permanent survival of

paper industry. Due to the elimination of normally used element chlorine bleaching

process that causes serious pollution and the adoption of element chlorine free bleaching

process, the generation of dioxin has been reduced, the AOX emission index for

wastewater discharge has been lowered, in addition, the advanced treatment of wastewater

from pulp making is useful in reducing the discharge of pollutants and wastewater, which

is in accordance with the policies on environmental protection.

2.4.2 Conformity of Technology Reform to Industry Planning

2.4.2.1 In Conformity to Overall Plan of National Economy and Social Development

Since the outbreak of international financial crisis, China’s paper industry has been

affected greatly. Due to the obstacles in export of products made by various industries, the

market of packing paper and newsprint, which is a large proportion of the market of paper

products, has been shrinking, plus the decreased demand in overseas market, the sales of

paper products has been falling down, and the development of paper industry has been

impeded. In 2008, China’s total production of machine-made paper and paperboard was

83,900,000t, a year-on-year increase of 8.75%. While in 2007, the increase over 2006 was

13.08%. Compared to 2007, the increasing speed has been slowing down. Since the third

quarter of 2008, the storage of paper products has been increasing, enterprises have to stop

or reduce production, the product prices have been dropping rapidly as well. As to the

total production and consumption of machine-made paper and paperboard, the supply has

exceeded the demand; in terms of product type, the shocks on packing paper and

newsprint are bigger, while the commodity market of disposable toilet paper has displayed

a prosperous outlook in production and distribution.

In 2000, China’s total production of paper and paperboard was 30,500,000t, then it

was increased to 83,900,000t in 2008. The production of packing paper in 2000 and 2008

was 12,500,000t and 37,500,000t respectively, so the amplitude of packing paper

production has exceeded much over the amplitude of total paper production. In 2007 in

China, the proportion of packing paper production in total production of paper and

paperboard was 49.54%, which is much higher than the world average level of 45.20%. In

2007, the year-on-year increase of packing paper production was 14.44%, while the


～ 84

consumption increase over the same period was 11.36%, the speed of production increase

was higher than that of consumption increase obviously.

The impact on the commodity market (including disposable toilet paper) caused by

financial crisis is not very serious, no matter how far the global economy declines, the

people’s basic demand for commodities shall not decrease. Similarly, the financial crisis

will not cause great impact on the export of commodities. In 2008, the disposable hygienic

products domestically made, including those produced by multinational companies in

China, were mostly distributed in domestic market, which has ensured the stable and rapid

increase of market share. During the past two decades, China’s market of disposable

hygienic products has been growing rapidly, the market size in 2007 was about RMB40bn,

or 10% of the global market, the estimated market size in 2008 was RMB45bn.

With the promulgation of “Paper Industry Development Policy” and the enhanced

measures for energy conservation, emission reduction and eliminaton of outdated

productivity, as well as the implementation of new standards for pollutants discharge by

papermaking enterprises, the governments at various levels will strengthen the supervision

and management of papermaking enterprises, the paper manufacturers at unreasonable

economic size and discharging over-standard pollutants while consuming higher volume

of energy and water will be phased out definitely, and this situation is promising for larger

market space for manufacturers suitable for development, just like the Project.

The Project is a technology reform project aimed for environmental protection, the

traditional element chlorine bleaching process that causes serious pollution shall be

eliminated and replaced by the newly constructed production line adopting the element

chlorine free bleaching process, the Project is in accordance with the national policy for

industry development and the overall plan of national economy and social development.

2.4.2 2. In Conformity to Industry Development Planning

According to Article 22 of the “Paper Industry Development Policy”, “The paper

industry technologies should develop towards a direction of higher level, lower

consumption and low pollution. Encourage the development and application of high-

yielding pulpmaking technologies, biotechnologies, low-pollution pulpmaking

techchnologies, medium-concentration technologies, element chlorie free or total chlorine

free bleaching technologies, low-energy-consumption mechanical pulpmaking

technologies, …” According to Article 23, “…Forbid the use of lime process pulpmaking,

forbid the newly approved projects to use chlorine bleaching process (enterprises using

this process should phase out gradually). Forbid the import of eliminated and outdated

second-hand pulpmaking and papermaking equipments”. According to the “Discharge

Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008), stricter standards shall

be implemented for the discharge of AOX contained in wastewater, benchmark

wastewater discharge per unit product and water quality of discharged wastewater.

Therefore, the adoption of ECF bleaching process based on chlorine dioxide is a practical

and mature technical choice for permanent survival of paper industry. The comprehensive

use and recycle of white sludge and coal slag and the use of advanced wastewater

treatment technology are measures in accordance with the principles of comprehensive use

and cleaner production specified in the “Paper Industry Development Policy”.


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3 Regional Overviews

3.1 Basic Facts of National Environment

3.1.1 Geographical Position

As a municipality under the Provincial Government, Yueyang City is located in the

northern region of Hunan Province, 112º18΄31˝℃114º9΄6˝ east longitude and

28º25΄33˝℃29º51΄00˝ north latitude. With Jin’er Mountain standing on the east side and

Dongtinghu Lake shining in the west section, as well as the connection to Yangtze River

in the northern part and other rivers in the southern part, it is right at the intersection of

Dongtinghu Lake and Yangtze River. Yueyang City’s eastern neighbors include Tong’gu

and Xiushui Counties (Jiangxi) and Tongcheng County (Hubei), the utmost east point is

Jiaoche’ao of Dakouduan Township, Pingjiang County; its southern neighbors include

Liuyang County, Changsha City and Wangcheng County (Hunan), the utmost south point

is Huangnijie of Fushoushan Forestry Station, Pingjiang County; its west neighbours

include Yuanjiang County, Nan County and Anxiang County (Hunan), the utmost west

point is the middle of Xi’ouchi River at Jiangxinzhou, Youyi Village, Meitianhu

Township, Huarong County; its northern neighbours include Chibi, Honghu, Jianli and

Shishou Counties/Cities (Hubei), the utmost north point is the middle of Yangtze River at

Baishazhou, Huang’gai Township, Linxiang City. Stretching over a distance of 177.84km

from west to east and 157.87km from north to south, Yueyang City’s total land area is

15019.2km2, accounting for 7.05% of the total area of Hunan Province. The urban area is

824.4km2, accounting for 5.5% of the city’s total area, in which the downtown area is

60km2.

The Project area is next door to Chenglingji Port, and the neighboring industrial

enterprises mainly include Huaneng Yueyang Power Plant. Regarded as the northern

window for foreign trade of Hunan Province, Chenglingji Port has a special railway

connecting Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, plus the road to the National Road 107 and

Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, it is actually a key point for waterway and land

transportation.

3.1.2 Topographic Features and Geological Conditions of the Plant Area

The Plant of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd is located in the land right in front of

the western slope of Jiuling-Mufu Mountain, tilting from south to north until the Yangtze

River. The extensive land has a natural elevation at 28m~34.5m, topographically formed

by vermicular red earth hillocks and river sedimentation with a large number of lakes and

mash lands distributed in this area. Formed by ancient time erosion and accumulation,

there is no new sedimentation since proterozoic era, except for the Quaternary talus,

sedentary and lacustrine deposits. There is no major structural fault on the simple stratum,

the lower bedrock belongs to Shallow Metamorphised of Panchi System, Presinian. The

overcoat is the Quaternary deposit, including clay, mild clay and sandy gravel layers, the

extreme compression strength is 180kPa~390kPa, mostly higher than 200kPa.

The prospecting report of the existing project showed that the earth is composed from

top to bottom by miscellaneous fill, light loam, mild clay and medium sand, in which the

℃ layer is light loam, a weakening soil in the shape of flowing plastic containing organic

matters, the ℃ layer is mild clay that has higher strength and medium compressibility, and

the ℃ layer is medium sand with slight-medium density, the ℃ and ℃ layers are well

formed supporting course to the foundation, however, it is estimated that most part of

these two layers are deeply hidden, so it is necessary to use pile foundation.


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Part of the Project area has stable and evenly distributed clay and powder clay layer

with high strength and thickness, in addition, it’s not deeply hidden, so it may be used as

ideal natural layer of supporting course of the foundation, the estimated bearing capacity

may be as high as 300kPa. This area is featured with simple hydrogeology conditions and

intact clay structure, low degree of water permeability and mostly in dry state, with spring

water running out in lower sections, and the groundwater will not cause corrosion to the

foundation. According to the “Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China”

(GB18306-2001), the basic intensity of earthquake is 7 degree.

3.1.3 Hydrological Conditions

According to the statistics provided by Chenglingji Hydrologic Station (1954~2005),

The Yangtze River Yueyang section’s multi-year average rate of flow is 9940m3/s, the

multi-year average runoff is 2940×108m

3, the actual monitored maximum annual average

runoff is 5267×108m

3 (1954), the minimum annual aveage runoff is 1990×10

8m

3 (1978),

the yearly variations of runoff are comparatively small. The period from May to October

is the flood season for Yangtze River Yueyang section, during which the average volume

of runoff accounts for 74% of the yearly volume, with the highest volume in July; the

period from November to April the next year is the drought season, during which the

average volume of runoff accounts for 26% of the yearly volume, with the lowest volume

in January. The monthly average volume of runoff measured over the past years is

20016m3/s. The multi-year average discharge of sediment is 4140×10

4t/a, and the multi-

year average concentration of sediment is 0.141kg/m3. The multi-year average water level

monitored at Chenglingji Hydrologic Station is 22.56m, the historic record of highest

water level is 33.91m, the historic record of lowest water level is 15.24m. The historic

records of highest and lowest water temperature are 35.3℃ and -2.6℃ respectively, and the

average water temperature is 17.8℃.

3.1.4 Distribution of Surface Water Resources

Yueyang City has an excellent water system composed by densely distributed lakes

and rivers, it is famous for the name of “Dongting Waterland”. Yueyang City is dominated

by Dongtinghu Lake whose basin area accounts for 90.93% of the total surface water area

of the city, secondary to which are Binjiang River and Poyang Lake water systems.

Besides Yangtze River, Xiangjiang River and Zishui River, there are another 232 rivers

longer than 5km, includig 110 rivers longer than 10km and 6 rivers longer than 50km.

Dongtinghu Lake water system is divided into lake shore water system and lake body

water system.

The lake shor water system includes the Miluo River water system, Xinqiang River

water system and Xiangjiang River water system:

℃ Xiangjiang River water system: basin area 230.90km2, accounting for 2.11% of the

city’s total area. The Grade 1 tributaries include Laodao River, Xia’ning River and

Zhangshugang River, the Grade 2 tributaries include Shahe River and Baisha River

originated from Yuchi Mountain.

℃ Miluo River water system: Miluo River is the biggest river in the area of Yueyang

City, the total basin area is 5618.87km2, including 5148.32km

2 inside the City, accounting

for 47.11% of the city’s total area. Originated from Huanglong Mountain in Xiushui

County, Jiangxi Province and enters into the jurisdiction of Yueyang City at Longmen of

Pingjiang County, Miluo River runs through Changshou, Jiayi, Pingjiang City Gate,

Qingchongkou, Xinshi and Miluo City Gate and runs into Dongtinghu Lake along the foot

of Leishi Mountain of Miluo City, the total length is 253.2km.


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℃ Xinqiang River water system: As the second largest river in Yueyang City, the

total basin area of Xinqiang River is 2370km2, including 810.13km

2 inside the City,

accounting for 7.41% of the City’s total area. This river has two sources, the south source

is Shagang River, which is the primary source originated from Baobeiling of Banjiang

Township, Pingjiang County, the basin area is 963km2. The north source is Yougang

River, originated from Majing of Longyuan Township, Linxiang City, the basin area is

973km2, it runs through Longyuan Reservoir, Yutan and Taolin and enters into Yueyang

County after Changtang Township of Linxiang City. The south and north sources meet at

Sanganju and the River runs through Xinqiang and Rongjiawan before it flows into

Dongtinghu Lake. The upstream of Xinqiang River runs across mountain area with high

yield of water, where the construction of Tieshan Reservoir has been finished as the

collective source of drinking water for Yueyang City, it is also the cross-basin water

source for solving the drought problem of the shallow hills around the Lake and along the

River.

Dongtinghu Lake water system: The length of Yangtze River inside Yueyang City is

75km; Zishui River enters into the City at Maojiaokou of Xiangyin County and meets the

west tributary of Xiangjiang River at Linzikou and then flows into Dongtinghu Lake;

Xiangjiang River enters into the City at Tiejiaoju of Xiangyin County and divides itself

into two at Haohekou, both of which flow into Dongtinghu Lake. In addition, Dongtinghu

Lake has 16 flatland tributaries, each of which has a basin over 5km2, totaled at

3749.10km2 and accounting for 34.30% of the City’s total area. Ouchi River and Huarong

River each has four estuaries running into the Lake, the multi-year average flow rate of

Ouchi River is 793m3/s, a length of 110km is within the City’s borders. Huarong River has

a dam built in 1958, before which the multi-year average flow rate was 335m3/s, a length

of 35km is within the City’s boders.

Binjiang River water system: It means the small rivers that flow into Yangtze River,

the basin area within the borders of Yueyang City is 989.39km2, in which 798.45km

2 is

the area of Huanggai Lake basin, in addition, there are 22 rivers each of which has a

length over 5km, 9 rivers over 10km; the number of rivers with basin area larger than

5km2 is 22, plus 2 rivers whose basin area is over 50km

2, 2 rivers over 100km

2 and 1 river

over 300km2. The main rivers are Xindian River and Yuantan River. Xindian River

originates from Gangang County of Linxiang City, its length is 14km mostly along the

boundary of Hunan Province, the basin area is 441.8km2, including 149.5km

2 inside

Yueyang City. Yuantan River originates from Bafang Mountain of Linxiang City with a

total length of 48km, its basin area is 389km2.

3.1.5 Groundwater Resources

The stratum of the Project area is an extremely weak water-bearing stratum where the

permeability coefficient is less than 0.07m/day+night, the elevation of the groundwater is

25.05-36.18m. According to the data provided by Hunan Provincial Hydrogeology

Research Institute, the annual precipitation supplies 1,794,000,000m3 to the groundwater,

the groundwater runoff in drought season is 439,000,000m3, to subtract the volume of

groundwater runoff in drought season from the volume of precipitation supply, the result

we get is the groundwater recharge: 1,355,000,000m3, then add the surface water volume,

the total volume of water resources is 8,633,000,000m3. The volume of groundwater

accounts for 15.69% of the total volume of water resources, mainly distributed at the

alluvial plain of Dongtinghu Lake and riverside in hillock areas.

Due to the complexity of geological structure caused by stratum development,

different types of groundwater have been formed. The sandy gravel stratum distributed in


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Dongtinghu Lake alluvial plain has medium reserve of pore water, the average water

inflow per well is 300-3000m3/d with small depth, usually at 0-5m; the gritstone, shale,

granite and silicolite distributed in hillock areas have small reserve of pore water with

different depths, usually at 0-30m. Crevice water is usually below the cracks of limestone

and exposes itself in the form of spring water. The area of limestone inside Yueyang City

is small, distributed in Wuli and Yanglousi Townships of Linxiang City.

The water quality of Yueyang City’s groundwater is at a high level characterized by

low degree of mineralization and simple content of chemicals, the most extensively

distributed groundwater is calcium bicarbonate water, second to which is sodium chloride

calcium water and calcium bicarbonate magnesium water, all of which are faintly acid

water with pH value at 5.7; the total rigidity is mostly below 4.2 degree, so it is extremely

softened water suitable for human drinking and farmland irrigation. The temperature of

the groundwater is usually at 15.25℃, with small variations with the change of seasons.

The exploitation of groundwater in the past was usually limited to domestic use, currently

part of the exploitation is used for industrial production. Due to serious pollution of the

surface water and unevenly distribution in terms of time and space, the problem of

drinking water shortage for human and livestock exists in some mountainous areas, so

groundwater has become the source of drinking water.

3.1.6 Climatic Characteristics

With its geographic location in the region transitting from central subtropics to

northern subtropics, Yueyang City has a continental subtropical mosoon climate, of which

the overall characteristics are: short period of chilly cold days, long period of frost-free

season, changeable temperature, frequent cold waves, obvious rainy season, drought in

summer, and four seasons distinctive from each other.

3.1.7 Soil and Vegetation

The Project area’s surface soil is the alluvium under the control of Yangtze River and

Dongtinghu Lake, mainly clay with the thickness at 0.4-12.64m and containing small

amount of sand, in colors of henna, tawny, bottle green and amaranth; the natural soil is

dominated by lacustrine soil and red earth, the farming land is mainly paddy soil and

vegetable soil.

The region’s artificial vegetation mainly includes Chinese parasol, pine, cedar, peach

and pear trees; the grain crops include mainly rice, etc.; cash crops include cole,

vegetables, melons and millets; the natural vegetation mainly includes silk grass,

Huitouqing and herba verbenae, etc on wasteland.

3.1.8 Natural Resources

The land of Yueyang City is endowed with abundant natural resources. It is the

national key base of excellent agricultural products, including grains, cotton, pork and

fish, four counties/cities have been respectively listed as one of the Top 100 Counties in

terms of grain, cotton and pork production, the byproducts such as organic tea,

uncontaminated vegetables, good-quality fruits, Yangtze crabs and Dongting black shrimp

are welcomed in the market.

Yueyang City has rich water resources, the area of fresh water is as large as

310,000ha, the largest one in China, which is beneficial to the development of crop

farming, freshwater fish raising and waterway transportation, in addition, it has provided a

good conditions for the development of modern industries that have large volume of water

consumption and high demand for transportation, such as papermaking industry.


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Yueyang City has various types of biotic resources, including 1118 types of wood

plant, 1224 types of medical plants, 131 types of water plants, a dozen breeds of domestic

animals and birds, 116 breeds of aquatic animals and 266 breeds of wild animals.

Yueyang City has about 60 types of minerals stored within its terrain, up to now, the

number of prospected large-scale mineral deposit has reached 27, in addition to 28

medium-scale prospected deposits and 45 small-scale prospected deposits, altogether more

than 200 deposits with minerals to be exploited; the 10 types of minerals include mainly

Au, Ag and Pb, etc., and the 20 types of non-metal minerals are dolomite, granite and

kaolin, etc. In addition, there are rare earth metals such as Nb, Ta and Be and a number of

underground mineral water resources.

3.1.9 Nature Reserves

Yueyang City has established 3 national and provincial nature reserves: East

Dongtinghu Lake Nature Reserve (national level), Yueyang Jicheng Elk Nature Reserve

(provincial level) and Hengling Lake Nature Reserve (provincial level).

1. East Dongtinghu Lake Nature Reserve

It is a national nature reserve and the wetland birds protection base of Hunan

Province with the lake as its largest main body protection area and the city as its basis. For

its protection of comparatively complete ecosystem of peat, marsh and grassland wetland,

it has been assessed by the WWF as internationally important wetland. The East

Dongtinghu Lake Nature Reserve is located in the southern section of Jingjiang River, the

middlestream of Yangtze River, and it was included into the “List of Wetlands of

International Importance” Geographic coordinates: 112º43'-113º15' at east longitude and

28º59'-29º38' at north latitude, the area is 190,000ha, including the East Dongtinghu Lake

and the neighboring plain, hillocks and urban land. The topographic types change

significantly with the variations of the Lake’s water level, during dry season, the water

area is 49,940ha, including 20,300ha of reed, 36,400ha of marsh and shoal and 83,360ha

of farmland and hillocks; during wet season, the water area is 106,640ha, except for the

farmland and hillocks remain their land facies because of the protection by the dam, the

rest area is all merged into water.

The East Dongtinghu Lake has abundant resources of submerged plants, floating

plants and emergent aquatic plants. There are 131 types of recorded aquatic plants belong

to 40 families and 75 species. The commonly seen submerged plants include sedge and

black algae, floating plants commonly seen are lotus, gorgon euyale and duckweed, and

the emergent aquatic plants are usually raupo and reed.

According to geographic regionalization of animals, this area belongs to the

extension of the subregion of Central China in Oriental Realm, its special geographic

location and climatic conditions has provided the birds (especially aquatic birds) with

excellent condition for living through the winter, so it has become one of China’s main

habitats for overwintering birds and the extremely important winter home to migrant

aquatic birds. The main species of aquatic birds include: wild geese, white head crane,

grey crane, black stock and 11 types of ducks. Mammals such as Chinese river dolphin

and cowfish are often seen on the surface of the Lake, and there are about 20 types of cash

fishes, such as Chinese sturgeon and paddlefish, etc. The types of animals having been

included into the List of Animals Under Level 1 National Protection are: white head crane,

black stork, white stock, great bustard, Chinese merganser, Chinese river dolphin, Chinese

sturgeon and paddlefish, etc.; the animals under Level 2 protection include 28 types, such

as Eurasian spoonbill, swan, cowfish and mullet.


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2. Yueyang Jicheng Elk Nature Reserve

It is a provincial level nature reserve located inside Jicheng Islet, northeast of

Huarong County and northwest of Yueyang City. This islet is in the middle of lower

Jingjiang River, it is in the shape of a boat with a width 0.5-3km from west to east and a

length of 9km from the north to south, and the total length of its banks is 30.1km, formerly

the location of Jicheng Towhship of Huarong County. In 1998 when the farmland on the

islet was turned back into lake islet, the residents were moved to other townships to settle

down. The total area of the nature reserve is about 4890ha, including 2700ha of the islet,

1700ha outside the dam, and 490ha of former water area of Yangtze River. In November

27, 2000, it was approved by the Provincial Government and became China’s fourth elk

protection zone. At present, the phase 1 construction is ongoing in this area, which is an

area transiting from the central subtropical zone to north subtropical zone with a

continental humid mosoon climate characterized by four dinstinctive seasons, moderate

light and heat, concentrated rainfall and short period of chilly days. This area is

surrounded by water on all sides, the southwest is the new course of Yangtze River, while

the northwest, north and southeast is the old course. As a alluvial plain formed by sand

from the Yangtze River, the ground height above sea level is 28-33m, the falling gradient

is less than 3 degree, and the existing dam’s elevation is 36m. The earth’s surface is

mostly sandy soil plus some clay loam. The number of discovered terrestrial vertebrates is

93, divided into 4 classes, 20 orders and 42 falimies; 51 fish species, divided into 11

orders and 19 families; 100 types of sampled insects, divided into 7 orders. Compared

with the same habitat in other areas of Hunan Province, this area has a higher degree of

biodiversity in terms of animal species. Yueyang Jicheng Elk Nature Reserve has 6 types

of animals under level 2 national protection, accounting for 6.45% of the type of wild

animals having been discovered inside the Nature Reserve, these 6 types are henharrier,

capebarn owl, eagle owl, glaucidium cuculoides, centropussinensis and otter, in which the

resource of glaucidium cuculoides is more abundant. This area has 76 types of terrestrial

wild animals “that are beneficial or have important value of economic and scientific

research and under national protection”, accounting for 81.72% of the total types of wild

animals living in the Reserve. The vascular plants growing in the Reserve are divided into

75 families, 189 genera and 264 species, including 30 species of woody plants, accounting

for 11.4% of the total species, mainly the introduced plants; 234 herbage species

accounting for 88.6%, mainly naturally distributed. The 264 species are divided into 32

species of hydrophyte (accounting for 12.1%), 72 species of hygrophyte (27.3%) and 160

species of mesophyte (60.6%). According to the natural conditions and social economy of

the Reserve, its nature is oriented as: based on the recovery of farmland into lake area, the

main tasks include the introduction and reproduction of elks, the protection of biodiversity

and the gradual restoration of natural wetland ecosystem, and the supporting activities

include scientific research, scientific knowledge dissemination and eco-friendly

swimming, so as to construct a demonstrative national nature reserve with the function of

environmental protection as a part of the national framework and interntional community.

Accoring to the “Nature Reserve Regulations of the People’s Republic of China” and

based on the internal and external investigation and analysis results, the Reserve is divided

into four function zones: core zone, buffer zone, experimental zone and ecobusiness zone.

The area of the core zone is about 1700ha, it is the concentrated distribution area of

wetland, rare and endangered wildlife and biodiversity. The buffer zone is around the core

zone, its area is 600ha, and it’s functioning as the external bracer of the core zone. The

experimental zone is located in the southern end of Lingjiang Islet with an area of 190ha.

The eco-business zone’s area is 2400ha, it promotes the development of the Nature

Reserve with its tourism and production incomes.


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3. Hengling Lake Nature Reserve

It is a provincial level nature reserve established in March 2001, mainly for the

protection of wetland fishes and birds. Under the jurisdiction of Xiangyin County and

located at the intersection between the South Dongtinghu Lake and East Dongtinghu Lake,

the Reserve has a water area of 600,000mu, segmented by a number of rivers inside. In

winter, the clear river water runs through the reed islet, not drying up throughout the year,

unlike those rivers in East Dongtinghu Lake that run dry early in the winter. Due to this

unique characteristic, the Reserve has been the winter home to pochards and mergansers.

The Project area is not inside in any of the three Nature Reserves, so the Project

construction will not cause major impact on the Reserves.

3.2 Overview of Social Environment

3.2.1 Administrative Division and Population

As a municipality directly under the Provincial Government, Yueyang City is located

in the northern region of Hunan Province as a political, economic, cultural and

transportation center of this region. It has jurisdiction over Miluo and Linxiang Cities,

Pingjiang, Yueyang, Huarong and Xiangyin Counties, as well as the four administrative

districts of Yueyanglou, Yunxi, Junshan and Quyuan. The total land area is 15019.2km2

and the population is 5,280,000, a sum of multi nationalities living here.

3.2.2 Social Economy

In 2005, Yueyang City realized a GDP of RMB62.857bn, having increased 11.7%

over the previous year. The added value realized by Primary Industry was RMB12.190bn,

an increase of 4.0%, the added value by the Secondary Industry was RMB29.194bn, an

increase of 16.2%, and the added value by the Tertiary Industry was RMB21.473bn, an

increase of 11.2%. Calculated based on the permanent resident population, the average

GDP has reached RMB12408. The City’s total financial income was RMB3.801bn, a

year-on-year increase of 15.0%, in which the general budget revenue was RMB2.450bn,

an increase of 15.9%; the financial expenses was totaled at RMB4.814bn, an increase of

13.9%.

The structure of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in 2005 was 19.4 :

46.4 : 34.2. The Primary Industry has pulled GDP growth by 0.9 percentage point, the

added value of the Secondary Industry contributed 58.6% to GDP and pulled GDP growth

by 6.8 percentage points, and the Tertiary Industry pulled GDP growth by 4 percentage

points. The Secondary and Tertiary Industries have become the main momentum driving

economic growth.

In 2005, the added value realized by large-scale industries was RMB21.932bn, a

year-on-year increase of 17.4%; the added value realized by small-scale industries was

RMB4.119bn, a year-on-year increase of 6.2%. The characteristics of large-scale

industries in terms of economic growth include: (1) Major contribution by key industries.

The 8 key industries, including petrochemical, foo, papermaking, textile, mineral &

building material, electricity, machineries and medicines, have realized an added value of

RMB19.918bn, accounting for 90.8% of the added value realized by large-scale industries.

(2) Rapid growth of Dounty/District industries. The added value realized by industries

located in the 6 Counties/Cities & 1 District (Quyuan) was RMB7.224bn, a year-on-year

increase of 30.9%; the added value realized by industries located in the 5 Districts (Louqu,

Yunxi, Junshan, Development Zone, Nanhu) was RMB3.758bn, a year-on-year increase of

39.9%. (3) Promising future for Industry Parks. The large-scale industries located in the


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Industry Parks have realized a GDP of RMB10.357bn, a year-on-year increase of 52.0%.

(4) Increased proportion of non-public industries. The 483 non-public industrial

enterprises, accounting for 68.6% of the City’s total number of large-scale industrial

enterprises, have realized 33.3% industrial added value. (5) High increase of economic

benefits. The selling rate of products produced by large-scale industrial enterprises was

100.1%, an increase of 0.1 percentage point over the previous year; the composite index of

economic benefits created by large-scale industrial enterprises was 194.8%, having

increased 34.3 percentage points; the total profit was RMB0.686bn, a year-on-year

increase of 82.1%; the tax revenue was RMB4.465bn, a year-on-year increase of 58.5%;

however, the energy consumption has also increased to the level of 5.1t standard coal per

10,000yuan added value created by large-scale industries, having increased 29.6%

compared to the previous year.

3.2.3 Transportation

As the only city in Hunan Province that is located very close to Yangtze River,

Yueyang City is a converging point of 1 lake (Dongtinghu Lake), 2 plains (Jianghan Plain

and Dongtinghu Plain), 3 provinces (Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi) and 4 lines (Beijing-

Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, National Road 107 and Yangtze River),

it is in fact another “Golden Cross” along the middlestream of Yangtze River with its

importance only next to Wuhan City, especially since the successful commissioning of

Dongtinghu Bridge has helped form the well developed network of “West to East” and

“North to South” transportation. In 1992, Yueyang City was approved by the State

Council as one of the first batch of opening cities along Yangtze River banks. In 1996, one

of the 8 deepwater ports along Yangtze River, Chenglingji Port was approved by NPC to

open up to foreign vessels.

The Project construction area is selected inside the existing Plant area, which is

located in Sanjiangkou, the confluence of Dongtinghu Lake and Yangtze River, also next

to two 5,000T foreign trade docks at Chenglingji Port. The land and water traffic is well

developed with the north connection to the “Golden Waterway” of Yangtze River, the

west corridor to the vast water of Dongtinghu Lake, the east neighbor of Beijing-

Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway and National Road No. 107. In addition,

the Company has constructed a special railway for transportation of raw materials and

products by using the existing network.

3.2.4 Historical Relics and Scenic Spots

Yueyang City has a lot of historical relics and various types of tourist resources,

including the widely famous Yueyanglou Tower standing on the south bank of Yangtze

River, the extremely charming waterland of Dongtinghu Lake and the beautiful attraction

of Junshan Island.

About 9.5km away from the southwest point of the Plant area, there is the national

key unit of cultural relics protection---Yueyanglou Tower. Firstly built in the twentieth

year of Jian’an Reign by Emperor Xian in Donghan Dynasty (A.D.215), Yueyang City is

one of the three famous buildings on south bank of Yangtze River, attracting tourists from

across China for its four unique treasures: rebuilt by Teng Zijing the famous governor, the

memorial article composed by Fan Zhongyan the famous politician, the calligraphy

handwritten by Su Shunxin the famous calligrapher and poet, and the elegant seal cutting

presented by Shao Song the well-known expert.

Erecting highly on a 820m2 terrace, the spectacular Tower of Yueyanglou is an

essence of ancient architecture integrating the historic, cultural, artistic, tourist and


～ 93

architectural values. It is collectively named as “Jiangnan Top Three Towers” with

Huanghelou Tower in Wuhan and Tengwang’ge Tower in Nanchang, at the same time a

part of the “Yueyanglou-Dongtinghu Scenic Spot” comprising also Dongtinghu Lake and

Junshan Mountain. In January 1998, Yueyanglou Tower was approved by the State

Council as the national key unit of cultural relics protection; in August 1998,

“Yueyanglou-Dongtinghu Scenic Spot” was approved as national key scenic spot, the only

one scenic spot included in the Eighth National Golden Tourist Line that is located inside

the borders of Hunan Province, famous at home and abroad for its long history. Since its

initial construction around A.D.220, Yueyanglou has a history over 1700 years. During

the “Three Kingdoms” period, it was used by General Lu Su for the military review

ceremony; it was named as Baling Tower in Northern and Southern Dynasties; then it was

renamed as Nanlou Tower in early Tang Dynasty; it was not named as Yueyanglou until

in the poem written by Li Bai in middle Tang Dynasty. In 1045, the spring of the fourth

year of Qingli Reign by Renzong Emperor, Teng Zijing, the then governor, ordered to

rebuild the Tower and invited his friend, the politician and writer Fan Zhongyan, to

compose the “Yueyanglou Memorial”, after which Yueyanglou became a great sensation.

Due to historical reasons, Yueyanglou was ruined and renovated repeatedly, but its style

has been remained. It is the embody of China’s ancient architecture with typical national

characteristics for its gorgeous and elegant structure. As a tourist attraction long and well

known around the world, every year hundreds of thousands of Chinese and overseas

tourists come a long way to have a visit. Standing beside the exquisite Dongtinghu Lake

and directing to the blue sky that reflects itself on the water surface, people are reluctant to

leave this wonderful world.


～ 94

4 Environmental Monitoring, Survey and Assessment

4.1 Quality monitoring and Assessment of Water Environment

4.1.1 Regional Sources of Water Pollution

Statistics on the regional sources of water pollution are listed in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 Regional Sources of Water Pollution

Enterprise Discharged To Wastewater Discharge

(10,000t/a)

CODCr Discharge

(t/a)

Sinopec Baling Branch Yangtze River

Yueyang section 700.23 772.4

Huaneng Yueyang Power

Plant

Yangtze River

Yueyang section 116.92 33.6

Baling Company

Therman Power Plant East Dongtinghu Lake 60.00 19.9

Total -- 877.15 825.9

4.1.2 Monitoring Data of Surface Water Environment

The monitoring data on water quality conducted during January December 2010

and January June 2011 at Chenglingji cross section (C1) and Lucheng cross section (C2)

have been collected for conducting assessment, the monitoring factors include pH value,

dissolved oxygen, CODMn, COD, BOD5, NH3-H, Total phosphor, Cu, Zn, Fluoride, Se, As,

Hg, Cd, Cr6+

, Pb, Cyanide, Volatile phenol, Oils, Anionic surfactant, Sulfide and Feces

coli group. The monitoring data and statistics are listed in Table 4.2 Table 4.7.

Chenglingji cross section is selected at upstream, 1.0km away from the outlet of

Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd, Lucheng cross section is at downstream, 24km from the

outlet.

The routine monitoring results showed that in 2009 and the first half of 2011, the

pollution factors of total phosphor monitored at Chenglingji cross section have exceeded

the standard values, with the maximum over-standard times at 0.36, the rest monitoring

factors are not over the standard, all of them have met the Type III standard for water

quality as specified in the “Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment” (GB3838-

2002).

In 2009 and 2010, the pollution factors of total phosphor monitored at Lucheng cross

section have exceeded the standard values, with the maximum over-standard times at 1.54

and 0.2 respectively, the rest monitoring factors have met the Type III standard for water

quality as specified in the “Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment” (GB3838-

2002).


～ 95

Table 4.2 Routine Monitoring Data at Chenglingji Cross Section (2009)

Unit: mg/l (except for pH value)

Monitoring

Factor

Minimum

value

Maximum

value

Average

value

Over-Standard

Rate (%)

Maximum

Over-Standard

Times

Standard

Value

(Type III)

PH 7.09 8.12 7.90 / / 6~9

Dissolved

oxygen 5.00 9.13 7.16 / / ≥5

CODMn 1.43 2.26 1.76 / / ≤6

COD 2.50 16.40 8.80 / / 20

BOD5 0.35 2.40 0.75 / / 4

NH3-H 0.051 0.875 0.29 / / 1.0

Total

phosphor 0.08 0.272 0.14 5.5 0.36 0.2

Cu 0.01 0.01 0.01 / / 1

Zn 0.01 0.01 0.01 / / 1

Fluoride 0.18 0.38 0.28 / / 1

Se 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 / / 0.01

As 0.0002 0.0036 0.0016 / / 0.05

Hg 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002 / / 0.0001

Cd 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 / / 0.005

Cr6+

0.004 0.004 0.004 / / 0.05

Pb 0.003 0.003 0.003 / / 0.05

Cyanide 0.004 0.004 0.004 / / 0.2

Volatile

phenol 0.002 0.002 0.002 / / 0.005

Oils 0.05 0.05 0.05 / / ≤0.05

Anionic

surfactant 0.02 0.02 0.02 / / 0.2

Sulfide 0.02 0.08 0.02 / / 0.2

Feces coli

group 50 3500 648 / / 10000


～ 96

Table 4.3 Routine Monitoring Data at Lucheng Cross Section (2009)


Monitoring

Factor

Minimum

value

Maximum

value

Average

value

Over-Standard

Rate (%)

Maximum

Over-Standard

Times

Standard

Value

(Type III)

PH 7.52 8.65 7.64 / / 6~9

Dissolved

oxygen 5.00 10.0 7.24 / / ≥5

CODMn 1.72 2.69 1.98 / / ≤6

COD 2.50 10.40 6.45 / / 20

BOD5 0.35 3.30 1.63 / / 4

NH3-H 0.128 1.952 0.84 50 0.95 1.0

Total

phosphor 0.072 0.24 0.13 11.1 0.2 0.2

Cu 0.01 0.01 0.01 / / 1

Zn 0.01 0.01 0.01 / / 1

Fluoride 0.2 0.5 0.31 / / 1

Se 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 / / 0.01

As 0.0012 0.018 0.0045 / / 0.05

Hg 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002 / / 0.0001

Cd 0.0001 0.0004 0.0001 / / 0.005

Cr6+

0.004 0.004 0.004 / / 0.05

Pb 0.003 0.003 0.003 / / 0.05

Cyanide 0.004 0.004 0.004 / / 0.2

Volatile

phenol 0.002 0.002 0.002 / / 0.005

Oils 0.05 0.05 0.05 / / ≤0.05

Anionic

surfactant 0.02 0.02 0.02 / / 0.2

Sulfide 0.02 0.02 0.02 / / 0.2

Feces coli

group 110 9200 844 / / 10000


～ 97

Table 4.4 Routine Monitoring Data at Chenglingji Cross Section (2010)


Monitoring

Factor

Minimum

value

Maximum

value

Average

value

Over-Standard

Rate (%)

Maximum

Over-Standard

Times

Standard

Value

(Type III)

PH 7.59 8.31 7.91 / / 6~9

Dissolved

oxygen 5.05 9.80 7.05 / / ≥5

CODMn 1.48 3.58 2.43 / / ≤6

COD 5.00 12.00 8.46 / / 20

BOD5 0.17 2.04 1.09 / / 4

NH3-H 0.036 0.955 0.33 / / 1.0

Total

phosphor 0.059 0.145 0.11 / / 0.2

Cu 0.01 0.02 0.01 / / 1

Zn 0.01 0.01 0.01 / / 1

Fluoride 0.18 0.33 0.25 / / 1

Se 0.0005 0.0008 0.0005 / / 0.01

As 0.0012 0.0048 0.0027 / / 0.05

Hg 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002 / / 0.0001

Cd 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001 / / 0.005

Cr6+

0.004 0.004 0.004 / / 0.05

Pb 0.003 0.003 0.003 / / 0.05

Cyanide 0.004 0.004 0.004 / / 0.2

Volatile

phenol 0.002 0.002 0.002 / / 0.005

Oils 0.05 0.05 0.05 / / ≤0.05

Anionic

surfactant 0.02 0.02 0.02 / / 0.2

Sulfide 0.02 0.02 0.02 / / 0.2

Feces coli

group 50 1300 282 / / 10000


～ 98

Table 4. 5 Routine Monitoring Data at Lucheng Cross Section (2010) Unit: mg/l

(except for pH value)

Monitoring

Factor

Minimum

value

Maximum

value

Average

value

Over-Standard

Rate (%)

Maximum

Over-Standard

Times

Standard

Value

(Type III)

PH 7.30 8.80 7.81 / / 6~9

Dissolved

oxygen 5.00 10.40 7.29 / / ≥5

CODMn 1.89 3.38 2.57 / / ≤6

COD 5.00 10.40 8.42 / / 20

BOD5 0.73 3.65 1.9 / / 4

NH3-H 0.07 2.54 0.88 33.3 1.54 1.0

Total

phosphor 0.049 0.178 0.098 / / 0.2

Cu 0.01 0.02 0.01 / / 1

Zn 0.01 0.01 0.01 / / 1

Fluoride 0.22 0.32 0.26 / / 1

Se 0.0005 0.0008 0.0005 / / 0.01

As 0.0011 0.0044 0.0024 / / 0.05

Hg 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002 / / 0.0001

Cd 0.0001 0.0006 0.0001 / / 0.005

Cr6+

0.004 0.004 0.004 / / 0.05

Pb 0.003 0.003 0.003 / / 0.05

Cyanide 0.004 0.004 0.004 / / 0.2

Volatile

phenol 0.002 0.002 0.002 / / 0.005

Oils 0.05 0.05 0.05 / / ≤0.05

Anionic

surfactant 0.02 0.02 0.02 / / 0.2

Sulfide 0.02 0.02 0.02 / / 0.2

Feces coli

group 1300 9200 2075 / / 10000


～ 99

Table 4. 6 Routine Monitoring Data at Chenglingji Cross Section (2011, 1st half) Unit:

mg/l (except for pH value)

Monitoring

Factor

Minimum

value

Maximum

value

Average

value

Over-Standard

Rate (%)

Maximum

Over-Standard

Times

Standard

Value

(Type III)

PH 7.30 8.33 7.95 / / 6~9

Dissolved

oxygen 5.05 8.72 6.64 / / ≥5

CODMn 1.74 3.13 2.18 / / ≤6

COD 7.84 10.80 9.19 / / 20

BOD5 0.50 2.82 1.35 / / 4

NH3-H 0.025 0.987 0.33 / / 1.0

Total

phosphor 0.088 0.229 0.15 11.1 0.15 0.2

Cu 0.01 0.02 0.01 / / 1

Zn 0.01 0.01 0.01 / / 1

Fluoride 0.21 0.27 0.25 / / 1

Se 0.0005 0.0009 0.0005 / / 0.01

As 0.0010 0.0078 0.0028 / / 0.05

Hg 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002 / / 0.0001

Cd 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001 / / 0.005

Cr6+

0.004 0.004 0.004 / / 0.05

Pb 0.003 0.003 0.003 / / 0.05

Cyanide 0.004 0.004 0.004 / / 0.2

Volatile

phenol 0.002 0.002 0.002 / / 0.005

Oils 0.05 0.05 0.05 / / ≤0.05

Anionic

surfactant 0.02 0.02 0.02 / / 0.2

Sulfide 0.02 0.02 0.02 / / 0.2

Feces coli

group 50 330 213 / / 10000


～ 100

Table 4. 7 Routine Monitoring Data at Lucheng Cross Section (2011, 1st half) Unit: mg/l

(except for pH value)

Monitoring

Factor

Minimum

value

Maximum

value

Average

value

Over-Standard

Rate (%)

Maximum

Over-Standard

Times

Standard

Value

(Type III)

PH 7.30 8.41 7.91 / / 6~9

Dissolved

oxygen 5.70 9.48 7.77 / / ≥5

CODMn 1.89 3.21 2.29 / / ≤6

COD 7.60 10.60 9.52 / / 20

BOD5 0.55 3.15 1.47 / / 4

NH3-H 0.025 0.850 0.51 / / 1.0

Total

phosphor 0.097 0.183 0.13 / / 0.2

Cu 0.01 0.01 0.01 / / 1

Zn 0.01 0.01 0.01 / / 1

Fluoride 0.15 0.30 0.23 / / 1

Se 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 / / 0.01

As 0.0016 0.0036 0.0025 / / 0.05

Hg 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002 / / 0.0001

Cd 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 / / 0.005

Cr6+

0.004 0.004 0.004 / / 0.05

Pb 0.003 0.003 0.003 / / 0.05

Cyanide 0.004 0.004 0.004 / / 0.2

Volatile

phenol 0.002 0.002 0.002 / / 0.005

Oils 0.05 0.05 0.05 / / ≤0.05

Anionic

surfactant 0.02 0.02 0.02 / / 0.2

Sulfide 0.02 0.02 0.02 / / 0.2

Feces coli

group 130 490 331 / / 10000


～ 101

4.1.3 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Environment

1. Layout of Monitoring Sections and Monitoring Factors

The 4 monitoring sections are distributed along Yangtze River, the specific locations

are illustrated in Table 4.8 and the attached Map.

Table 4.8 Layout of Monitoring Sections

Surface

Water

Monitoring

Section No. Location of Monitoring Section Monitoring Factor

S1 200m upstream from the outlet

S2 500m downstream from the outlet

S3 1km downstream from the outlet

Yangtze

River

S4 8km downstream from the outlet

Water temperature, PH, DO,

CODcr, BOD5, SS,

Permanganate index, NH3-N,

TP, Oils, S, CN- , Ar-OH,

Cr6+

, Cd, As, , TN

2. Monitoring Time and Frequency

Water Pollution Control Technology Hunan Key Laboratory conducted a three-day

monitoring activity on October 10-12, 2010, once in each day.

Analysis Method and Assessment Standard

The analysis was conducted according to the “Technological Code for Environmental

Monitoring” and the “Methods for Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis”

(version 3.0).

Monitoring and Assessment Results

The monitoring results of surface water quality are listed in Table 4.9. The monitoring

factors obtained at the 4 monitoring sections have all met the Type III standard for water

quality as specifiec in the “Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment” (GB3838-

2002).


～ 102

Table 4.9 Data Sheet of Monitoring and Assessment Results of Water Quality at Four Monitoring Sections of Yangtze River


Section Item pH DO CODcr BOD5 SS CODMn NH3-

H TP Oils Sulfide Cyanide

Volatile

phenol Cr

6+ TN Cd As

Minimum

value 7.18 6.91 13.63 1.28 34.2 3.05 0.08 0.02 0.01L 0.023 0.004L 0.0015 0.004L 0.12 0.001L 0.0047

Maximum

value 7.24 7.11 14.33 1.38 44.5 3.44 0.1 0.04 0.01L 0.026 0.004L 0.0018 0.004L 0.22 0.001L 0.0056

Average

value 7.22 7.01 13.86 1.31 38.7 3.22 0.09 0.03 0.01L 0.03 0.004L 0.0016 0.004L 0.17 0.001L 0.0052

Over-

standard

rate

0 0 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

S1

Maximum

over-

standard

times

0 0 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Minimum

value 7.08 6.2 18.18 3.06 27.8 4.48 0.08 0.02 0.04 0.063 0.004L 0.0015 0.004L 0.12 0.001L 0.0031

Maximum

value 7.23 6.52 19.58 3.85 42.9 4.87 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.073 0.004L 0.0017 0.004L 0.16 0.001L 0.0070

S2

Average

value 7.16 6.38 18.88 3.32 36.3 4.61 0.08 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.004L 0.0016 0.004L 0.13 0.001L 0.0050


～ 103

Over-

standard

rate

0 0 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Maximum

over-

standard

times

0 0 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Minimum

value 7.26 6.61 15.38 2.36 32.6 3.83 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.039 0.004L 0.0012 0.004L 0.12 0.001L 0.0072

Maximum

value 7.33 6.81 16.08 2.76 41.7 3.96 0.08 0.08 0.02 0.046 0.004L 0.0013 0.004L 0.14 0.001L 0.0090

Average

value 7.29 6.71 15.73 2.49 36.2 3.89 0.08 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.004L 0.0013 0.004L 0.13 0.001L 0.0083

Over-

standard

rate

0 0 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

S3

Maximum

over-

standard

times

0 0 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Minimum

value 7.3 6.61 16.78 2.36 27.4 4.03 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.052 0.004L 0.0003 0.004L 0.08 0.001L 0.0077 S4

Maximum

value 7.38 6.81 17.48 2.76 33.6 4.09 0.08 0.08 0.01 0.054 0.004L 0.0003 0.004L 0.12 0.001L 0.0080


～ 104

Average

value 7.34 6.68 17.0 2.5 30.6 4.05 0.08 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.004L 0.0003 0.004L 0.10 0.001L 0.0078

Over-

standard

rate

0 0 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Maximum

over-

standard

times

0 0 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

GB3838-2002, Type

III 6~9 5 20 4 / 6 1.0 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.005 0.05 1.0 0.005 0.05


～ 105

4.2 Quality monitoring and Assessment of Atmospheric Environment

4.2.1 Ambient Sources of Atmospheric Pollution

The sources of atmospheric pollution are mainly from the Urea Operation Unit of

Sinopec Baling Branch, Hunan Dongting Ramie Textile Printing & Dyeing Mill, Huaneng

Yueyang Power Plant, Baling Company Thermal Power Plant, etc. The statistics on the

emission of atmospheric pollutants from these four large-scale industrial/mineral

enterprises are listed in Table 4.10.

Table 4.10 Statistics on Sources of Atmospheric Polltants (2005)

Enterprise Equipment

Exhaust Gas

Emission

(×104m

3/a)

Dust (t/a) SO2 (t/a)

Urea Operation Unit of

Sinopec Baling Branch

5 Heating

Furnaces

3 Boilers

1 Urea Prilling

Tower

254463 6.90 113.47

Hunan Dongting Ramie

Textile Printing & Dyeing

Mill

2 Pulverized

Coal Furnaces 6363 7.94 35.58

Huaneng Yueyang Power

Plant 4 Station Boilers 2549932 1137.24 3870.50

Baling Company Thermal

Power Plant 4 Station Boilers 928107 506.13 1387.32

Total -- 3738865 1658.21 5406.87

4.2.2 Routine Monitoring of Atmospheric Environment

The EIA assessment was conducted based on the collected monitoring data of

atmospheric environment, including the 2009~2010 data from Yueyang Municipal

Environmental Monitoring Center, Yueyang Economic & Technology Development Zone

and Yunxi District, 2010 data from Chenglingji cross section, January-June 2011 data

from the abovementioned 4 rountine monitoring points. The monitoring factors include

SO2, NO2 and PM10, and the monitoring results and statistics are listed in Table

4.11℃Table 4.21, the locations of the monitoring points/sections are illustrated in the

attached Map.

Table 4.11℃Table 4.21 showed that: During the period 2009℃June 2011, the values

of the monitoring factors SO2, NO2 and PM10 have all exceeded the standard values, the

maximum over-standard times of SO2 was 0.86, monitored by Yueyang Municipal

Environmental Monitoring Center at the roution monitoring points in March 2009; the

maximum over-standard times of NO2 was 0.06, monitored at Chenglingji routine

monitoring point in March 2011; the maximum over-standard times of M10 was 2.47,

monitored at Yunxi District routine monitoring point in March 2010; the values of the


～ 106

monitoring factors obtained at other monitoring points during other periods have all met

the Level II standard limits as specified in the “Ambient Air Quality Standard” (GB3095-

1996) (revised).


～107

Table 4.11 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center (2009) Unit: mg/Nm3

Monitoring Factor

& Standard Item Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.007-0.063 0.01-0.059 0.018-0.194 0.034-0.131 0.021-0.122 0.008-0.101 0.017-0.088 0.001-0.099 0.003-0.182 0.011-0.181 0.003-0.279 0.006-0.161 0.001-0.279

Average value 0.031 0.032 0.076 0.076 0.068 0.047 0.043 0.037 0.075 0.092 0.064 0.047 0.057

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 9.68 0 0 0 0 0 6.7 3.2 6.7 3.2 2.46

SO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / 0.29 / / / / / 0.21 0.21 0.86 0.07 0.86

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.019-0.066 0.016-0.035 0.018-0.064 0.018-0.054 0.011-0.044 0.007-0.038 0.008-0.030 0.002-0.054 0.021-0.107 0.042-0.108 0.027-0.107 0.004-0.081 0.002-0.108

Average value 0.038 0.027 0.040 0.039 0.028 0.021 0.015 0.014 0.058 0.071 0.057 0.044 0.038

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.12 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.074-0.281 0.029-0.286 0.034-0.242 0.035-0.415 0.039-0.273 0.016-0.164 0.004-0.087 0.027-0.134 0.057-0.193 0.059-0.232 0.004-0.207 0.030-0.179 0.004-0.415

Average value 0.146 0.109 0.096 0.105 0.096 0.067 0.052 0.058 0.094 0.137 0.068 0.093 0.093

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 38.7 25 9.7 10 3.2 3.3 0 0 3.3 12.9 3.3 6.4 9.6

PM10

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times 0.87 0.91 0.61 1.77 0.82 0.09 / / 0.29 0.55 0.38 0.19 1.77

Table 4.12 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Economic & Technology Development Zone (2009) Unit: mg/Nm3

Monitoring Factor Item Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual


～108

& Standard

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.011-0.103 0.002-0.083 0.003-0.077 0.001-0.069 0.001-0.033 0.001-0.023 0.002-0.091 0.002-0.070 0.002-0.091 0.002-0.072 0.001-0.040 0.012-0.076 0.001-0.121

Average value 0.048 0.032 0.018 0.021 0.012 0.008 0.019 0.011 0.028 0.017 0.022 0.033 0.022

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.015-0.071 0.007-0.049 0.002-0.028 0.002-0.028 0.002-0.030 0.004-0.026 0.002-0.019 0.002-0.030 0.006-0.030 0.009-0.065 0.013-0.102 0.012-0.084 0.002-0.102

Average value 0.041 0.025 0.011 0.010 0.016 0.014 0.010 0.007 0.017 0.038 0.047 0.049 0.024

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.12 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.066-0.317 0.045-0.299 0.032-0.211 0.042-0.134 0.023-0.192 0.025-0.100 0.015-0.127 0.025-0.171 0.010-0.200 0.042-0.196 0.016-0.199 0.034-0.176 0.010-0.317

Average value 0.150 0.135 0.094 0.076 0.100 0.054 0.044 0.077 0.091 0.093 0.063 0.082 0.088

Number of

samples 31 28 31 28 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 363

Over-standard rate

% 35.5 35.7 9.7 0 3.2 0 0 3.2 3.3 12.9 3.3 6.4 8.7

PM10

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times 1.11 0.99 0.41 / 0.28 / / 0.14 0.33 0.31 0.33 0.17 1.11

Table 4.13 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yunxi District, Yueyang City (2009) Unit: mg/Nm3

Monitoring Factor



～109

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.014-0.121 0.014-0.026 0.014-0.025 0.008-0.028 0.002-0.026 0.002-0.020 0.002-0.060 0.001-0.091 0.010-0.165 0.004-0.163 0.010-0.133 0.021-0.137 0.001-0.165

Average value 0.025 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.010 0.004 0.006 0.021 0.044 0.079 0.065 0.073 0.032

Number of

samples 15 14 16 15 15 15 16 31 30 31 30 31 259

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3 6.4 0 0 0.81

SO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / / / / / / / 0.10 0.09 / / 0.10

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.008-0.099 0.002-0.019 0.002-0.020 0.008-0.042 0.002-0.022 0.002-0.016 0.005-0.012 0.007-0.049 0.010-0.036 0.018-0.044 0.005-0.043 0.019-0.043 0.002-0.099

Average value 0.021 0.012 0.008 0.019 0.012 0.011 0.009 0.016 0.023 0.041 0.021 0.029 0.018

Number of

samples 15 14 16 15 15 15 16 31 30 31 30 31 259

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.12 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.118-0.127 0.097-0.129 0.094-0.253 0.080-0.159 0.102-0.167 0.052-0.319 0.042-0.186 0.014-0.276 0.078-0.218 0.042-0.271 0.018-0.212 0.036-0.199 0.014-0.319

Average value 0.122 0.119 0.128 0.122 0.128 0.153 0.094 0.131 0.123 0.144 0.080 0.101 0.120

Number of

samples 15 14 16 15 15 15 16 31 30 31 30 31 259

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 18.75 6.7 20 40 12.5 22.6 16.7 38.7 6.7 6.4 15.8

PM10

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / 0.69 0.6 0.11 1.13 0.24 0.84 0.45 0.81 0.41 0.33 1.13

Table 4.14 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center (2010) Unit: mg/Nm3

Monitoring Factor



～110

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.012-0.144 0.004-0.153 0.034-0.107 0.022-0.087 0.011-0.086 0.013-0.078 0.024-0.084 0.003-0.089 0.003-0.091 0.014-0.086 0.021-0.081 0.006-0.091 0.003-0.153

Average value 0.064 0.040 0.063 0.058 0.057 0.042 0.049 0.036 0.037 0.050 0.052 0.040 0.049

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 0 3.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6

SO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / 0.02 / / / / / / / / / / 0.02

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.001-0.095 0.015-0.074 0.019-0.061 0.012-0.055 0.011-0.038 0.011-0.039 0.004-0.031 0.004-0.032 0.003-0.037 0.022-0.071 0.026-0.070 0.008-0.053 0.001-0.095

Average value 0.042 0.042 0.037 0.030 0.025 0.023 0.010 0.010 0.020 0.038 0.047 0.019 0.028

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.12 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.049-0.167 0.003-0.126 0.003-0.397 0.027-0.138 0.010-0.275 0.036-0.148 0.041-0.141 0.034-0.163 0.038-0.296 0.063-0.274 0.048-0.193 0.025-0.233 0.003-0.397

Average value 0.103 0.068 0.073 0.073 0.090 0.085 0.073 0.097 0.100 0.130 0.082 0.063 0.086

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 3.2 0 3.2 0 6.4 0 0 9.7 6.7 22.6 6.7 6.4 5.4

PM10

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times 0.11 / 1.65 / 0.83 / / 0.09 0.97 0.83 0.29 0.55 1.65

Table 4.15 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Economic & Technology Development Zone (2010) Unit: mg/Nm3

Monitoring Factor



～111

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.010-0.095 0.003-0.047 0.003-0.036 0.002-0.024 0.002-0.038 0.002-0.136 0.002-0.274 0.002-0.130 0.002-0.035 0.020-0.071 0.003-0.086 0.001-0.050 0.001-0.274

Average value 0.044 0.016 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.015 0.035 0.018 0.010 0.044 0.028 0.016 0.021

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2 0 0 0 0 0 3.2

SO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / / / / / 0.82 / / / / / 0.82

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.016-0.060 0.003-0.036 0.001-0.036 0.008-0.039 0.008-0.043 0.009-0.032 0.007-0.043 0.006-0.040 0.008-0.032 0.012-0.047 0.014-0.053 0.009-0.044 0.001-0.060

Average value 0.035 0.011 0.009 0.021 0.021 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.028 0.041 0.027 0.022

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.12 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.057-0.168 0.010-0.346 0.038-0.503 0.039-0.123 0.059-0.362 0.022-0.180 0.025-0.142 0.027-0.138 0.027-0.210 0.045-0.270 0.028-0.239 0.026-0.184 0.014-0.319

Average value 0.105 0.100 0.100 0.073 0.104 0.095 0.065 0.076 0.078 0.114 0.090 0.070 0.089

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 9.7 14.3 12.9 0 6.4 9.7 0 0 6.4 12.9 13.3 9.7 7.9

PM10

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times 0.12 1.31 2.35 / 1.41 0.2 / / 0.4 0.8 0.59 0.23 2.35


Monitoring Factor



～112

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.018-0.132 0.003-0.084 0.002-0.065 0.003-0.086 0.001-0.050 0.001-0.061 0.005-0.116 0.009-0.130 0.003-0.132 0.005-0.156 0.013-0.128 0.016-0.144 0.001-0.156

Average value 0.053 0.028 0.021 0.017 0.017 0.022 0.043 0.063 0.044 0.036 0.043 0.065 0.038

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2 0 0 3.2

SO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / / / / / / / / 0.04 / / 0.04

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.015-0.045 0.006-0.042 0.007-0.046 0.011-0.047 0.006-0.072 0.011-0.081 0.010-0.077 0.006-0.031 0.012-0.050 0.007-0.067 0.005-0.043 0.003-0.070 0.005-0.081

Average value 0.027 0.021 0.020 0.027 0.032 0.038 0.031 0.016 0.027 0.041 0.021 0.037 0.028

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.12 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.050-0.185 0.028-0.192 0.037-0.520 0.037-0.173 0.060-0.352 0.061-0.199 0.049-0.124 0.059-0.150 0.042-0.177 0.056-0.213 0.055-0.288 0.029-0.280 0.028-0.520

Average value 0.109 0.086 0.096 0.083 0.120 0.119 0.080 0.088 0.089 0.112 0.105 0.095 0.098

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 9.7 3.6 9.7 13.3 16.1 20 0 0 6.7 16.1 10 16.1 10.1

PM10

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times 0.23 0.28 2.47 0.15 1.35 0.33 / / 0.18 0.42 0.92 0.88 2.47

Table 4.17 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Chenglingji, Yueyang City (2010) Unit: mg/Nm3

Monitoring Factor



～113

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.015-0.035 0.012-0.144 0.001-0.036 0.015-0.033 0.020-0.027 0.018-0.025 0.017-0.035 0.017-0.038 0.002-0.023 0.009-0.035 0.021-0.046 0.003-0.032 0.001-0.144

Average value 0.022 0.064 0.022 0.020 0.022 0.021 0.024 0.024 0.014 0.015 0.032 0.016 0.025

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.028-0.052 0.003-0.037 0.002-0.028 0.004-0.049 0.028-0.095 0.019-0.081 0.006-0.038 0.008-0.059 0.002-0.054 0.015-0.091 0.003-0.064 0.036-0.091 0.002-0.095

Average value 0.039 0.022 0.022 0.023 0.057 0.055 0.020 0.025 0.022 0.048 0.034 0.056 0.035

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.12 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.075-0.209 0.043-0.213 0.032-0.512 0.053-0.209 0.071-0.352 0.072-0.189 0.060-0.131 0.045-0.155 0.048-0.180 0.059-0.182 0.057-0.215 0.023-0.246 0.023-0.512

Average value 0.136 0.108 0.120 0.110 0.136 0.119 0.091 0.104 0.114 0.117 0.106 0.083 0.114

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365

Over-standard rate

% 38.7 7.1 12.9 16.7 22.6 16.7 0 3.2 20 16.1 13.3 16.1 15.3

PM10

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times 0.39 0.42 2.41 0.39 1.35 0.26 / 0.03 0.2 0.21 0.43 0.64 2.41


～ 114

Table 4.18 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center (2011) Unit:

mg/Nm3

Monitoring Factor

& Standard Item Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun 1

st Half

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.010-0.148 0.009-0.079 0.007-0.115 0.006-0.087 0.007-0.125 0.009-0.084 0.007-0.148

Average value 0.040 0.035 0.058 0.049 0.061 0.040 0.047

Number of samples 26 28 31 30 29 29 173

Over-standard rate

% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / / / / / /

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.002-0.056 0.001-0.057 0.003-0.07 0.005-0.044 0.004-0.059 0.010-0.033 0.001-0.070

Average value 0.020 0.030 0.036 0.026 0.029 0.022 0.027


Over-standard rate

% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.12 mg/ m3

Maximum over-



～ 115

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.022-0.075 0.014-0.161 0.015-0.231 0.046-0.207 0.037-0.167 0.034-0.135 0.014-0.231

Average value 0.047 0.055 0.100 0.111 0.105 0.067 0.081


Over-standard rate

% 0 3.6 10 11.5 10.7 0 6.0

PM10

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / 0.07 0.54 0.38 0.11 0 0.54

Table 4.19 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Economic & Technology Development Zone (2011) Unit:

mg/Nm3

Monitoring

Factor &

Standard

Item Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun 1st Half

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.003-0.045 0.002-0.05 0.003-0.026 0.002-0.044 0.003-0.023 0.003-0.078 0.002-0.078

Average value 0.025 0.017 0.010 0.012 0.013 0.026 0.017

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 29 28 177

SO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Over-standard

rate % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


～ 116

Maximum over-


Range of daily

average

concentration

0.004-0.051 0.002-0.068 0.011-0.057 0.012-0.055 0.008-0.062 0.006-0.025 0.002-0.068

Average value 0.027 0.035 0.036 0.035 0.034 0.016 0.030

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 29 28 177

Over-standard

rate % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.12 mg/ m3

Maximum over-


Range of daily

average

concentration

0.034-0.149 0.039-0.205 0.026-0.13 0.044-0.147 0.025-0.185 0.029-0.112 0.025-0.205

Average value 0.070 0.095 0.07 0.080 0.105 0.060 0.080

Number of

samples 31 28 31 30 29 29 178

Over-standard

rate % 0 3.6 0 0 13.8 0 2.9

PM10

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / 0.37 / / 0.23 0 0.37



～ 117

Monitoring Factor


st Half

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.022-0.132 0.007-0.161 0.003- 0.164 0.013-0.144 0.007-0.115 0.002-0.137 0.002-0.164

Average value 0.074 0.073 0.073 0.058 0.047 0.044 0.062


Over-standard rate % 0 7.1 3.2 0 0 0 1.7

SO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / 0.07 0.09 / / / 0.09

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.012-0.068 0.011-0.067 0.011-0.058 0.008-0.046 0.005-0.074 0.005-0.034 0.005-0.074

Average value 0.039 0.033 0.032 0.028 0.028 0.022 0.030


Over-standard rate % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.12 mg/ m3

Maximum over-


Range of daily

average

concentration

0.041-0.135 0.046-0.228 0.047-0.208 0.081-0.179 0.062-0.268 0.037-0.138 0.041-0.268

PM10

GB3095-1996

Level II standard Average value 0.079 0.125 0.111 0.113 0.140 0.091 0.110


～ 118


Over-standard rate % 0 14.3 16.1 10 50 0 15.1

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / 0.52 0.39 0.19 0.79 / 0.79

Table 4.21 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Chenglingji, Yueyang City (2011) Unit: mg/Nm3

Monitoring Factor


st Half

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.005-0.016 0.008-0.035 0.003-0.032 0.003-0.271 0.012-0.189 0.002-0.107 0.002-0.271

Average value 0.010 0.014 0.013 0.034 0.073 0.045 0.032


Over-standard rate % 0 0 0 3.8 3.2 0 1.2

SO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / / / 0.81 0.26 / 0.81

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.018-0.071 0.011-0.064 0.005-0.127 0.002-0.049 0.013-0.089 0.008-0.044 0.002-0.127

Average value 0.040 0.034 0.046 0.024 0.040 0.024 0.035


NO2

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.12 mg/ m3

Over-standard rate % 0 0 3.6 0 0 0 3.6


～ 119

Maximum over-

standard times / / 0.06 / / / 0.06

Range of daily

average

concentration

0.035-0.117 0.036-0.225 0.037-0.143 0.047-0.122 0.051-0.201 0.035-0.134 0.035-0.225

Average value 0.064 0.111 0.093 0.079 0.113 0.076 0.089


Over-standard rate % 0 21.4 0 0 19.4 0 6.8

PM10

GB3095-1996

Level II standard

0.15 mg/ m3

Maximum over-

standard times / 0.5 / / 0.34 0 0.5


～ 120

4.2.3 Quality Monitoring of Atmospheric Environment

1. Monitoring Point, Factors and Unit

Onsite monitoring points of ambient air have been set up by Yueyang Municipal

Environmental Monitoring Center respectively at Chenglingji Primary School, Yanshou

Primary School and Taoli Village of Guojiaju Township, the layout of the monitoring

points is illustrated in the attached Map, the locations of the monitoring points are shown

in Table 4.22.

Table 4.22 Quality Monitoring Points of Ambient Air

Monitoring Point Relative Direction and Distance to the Project

Area

A1 Chenglingji Primary School N, 0.62km

A2 Yanshou Primary School SW, 5.2km

A3 Taoli Village of Guojiaju Township SE, 6.8km

The monitoring factors include SO2, NO2, PM10, NH3, and TSP.

2. Monitoring Time and Frequency

The monitoring time was May 23-29, 2011, a consecutive 7 days of monitoring

activity. The sampling was conducted according to the “Technological Code for

Environmental Monitoring” (Atmospheric Environment), including the monitoring on

hourly concentration and daily average concentration of NO2 and SO2, daily average

concentration of PM10 and TSP, hourly concentration of NH3. The monitoring on hourly

concentration includes 4 times of sampling at 02:00, 08:00, 14:00 and 20:00 respectively,

each time not less than 45 minutes.

3. Analysis Method

The analysis was conducted according to the currently applicable national

standards and technological codes.

4. Assessment Standard

In light of the official reply by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection

Bureau concerning the Project’s EIA standard, the assessment on ambient air was

conducted according to the Level II standard values as specified in the “Ambient Air

Quality Standard” (GB3095-1996), the assessment on the concentration of NH3 was

conducted according to the regulation on “the maximum allowed concentratiion of

hazardous substances in residential ambient air” as specified in the “Sanitary Standard for

Design of Industrial Enterprise” (GBZ1-2010). The standard values are listed in Table

4.23.


～ 121

Table 4.23 Assessment Standard for Ambient Air Quality Unit: mg/m3

Item SO2 NO2 PM10 TSP NH3

Hourly

concentration 0.5 0.24 / / 0.2

Daily

average

concentration

0.15 0.12 0.15 0.30 /

Standard “Ambient Air Quality Standard” (GB3095-

96), Level II

“Sanitary Standard for Design of

Industrial Enterprise” (GBZ1-2010)

5. Monitoring Results

The monitoring results listed in Table 4.24 showed that the hourly and daily average

concentration of SO2 and NO2 have met the Level II standard as specified in the “Ambient Air

Quality Standard” (GB3095-96), the daily average concentrations of PM10 and TSP have

exceeded the standard, with the maximum over-standard times at 0.55 and 0.06

respectively, mainly because of the dry weather and the impact of traffic-raised dust due to

its closeness to the road.

The concentrations of NH3 monitored at each monitoring point did not exceeded the

standard, the emission of NH3 is in accordance with the limits for maximum allowed

concentration of hazardous substances in residential ambient air as specified in the

“Sanitary Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprise”.


～ 122

Table 4.24 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring

Point Item SO2 NO2 PM10 TSP NH3

Concentration

range (mg/m3)

0.005-0.012 0.026-0.065 / / /

Maximum value

to standard value

(%)

2.4 27 / / /

Over-standard rate

(%) / / / / /

Hourly

Maximum over-

standard times / / / / /

Concentration

range (mg/m3)

0.006-0.010 0.038-0.053 0.133-0.232 0.181-0.320 /

Maximum value

to standard value

(%)

6.7 44 154.7 106.7 /

Over-standard rate

(%) / / 42.9 28.6 /

A1

Chenglingji

Primary

School

Daily

average

Maximum over-

standard times / / 0.55 0.06 /

Concentration

range (mg/m3)

0.020-0.026 0.030-0.070 / / 0.072-0.094

Maximum value

to standard value

(%)

5.2 29.2 / / 47

Over-standard rate

(%) / / / / /

Hourly

Maximum over-


Concentration

range (mg/m3)

0.022-0.025 0.043-0.059 0.147-0.164 / /

A2

Yanshou

Primary

School

Daily

average

Maximum value

to standard value

(%)

16.7 49.2 109.3 / /


～ 123

Over-standard rate

(%) / / 42.9 / /

Maximum over-

standard times / / 0.09 / /

Concentration

range (mg/m3)

0.006-0.024 0.017-0.050 / / /

Maximum value

to standard value

(%)

4.8 20.8 / / /

Over-standard rate

(%) / / / / /

Hourly

Maximum over-


Concentration

range (mg/m3)

0.007-0.022 0.023-0.035 0.096-0.142 / /

Maximum value

to standard value

(%)

14.7 29.2 94.7 / /

Over-standard rate

(%) / / / / /

A3

Taoli

Village,

Guojiaju

Township

Daily

average

Maximum over-


4.3 Quality Monitoring and Assessment of Noise Environment

1. Layout of Monitoring Points

There are no environmentally sensitive points around the Project area, so the layout of

noise monitoring points is easy, altogether 10 monitoring points were set up around the

Project area in the four directions of East, South, West and North.

2. Monitoring Time and Method

On October 11-12, 2011, once in the daytime and nighttime of each of the two days. The

monitoring was conducted according to the requirements specified in the “Ambient Air

Quality Standard” (GB3096-2008). The monitoring unit is Water Pollution Control

Technology Hunan Key Laboratory.

3. Assessment Standard

The assessment of noise at the Plant boundary was conducted according to the Type

III standard limits as specified in the “Urban Area Environmental Noise Standard”

(GB3096-93), i.e., Daytime: 65dB(A), Nighttime: 55dB(A).

4. Monitoring Results


～ 124

The monitoring results showed that the noise values at daytime and nighttime monitored at

each monitoring point around the Plant area have met the Type III standard limits as

specified in the “Quality Standard for Acoustic Environment” (GB3095-2008).

Table 4.25 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Acoustic Environment Unit: Leq[dB(A)]

Monitoring Point Daytime Standard Value Nighttime Standard Value

Plant boundary, east 59.4 54.2

Plant boundary, south 56.8 55.0

Plant boundary, west 57.9 54.0

Plant boundary, north 54.0

65

52.8

55

4.4 Survey and Assessment of Groundwater Quality

1. Layout of Monitoring Points

In order to further understand and assess the current quality of the groundwater

environment, it was planned to conduct monitoring on the quality of groundwater

environment inside the region under the impact of the Project construction. Two

groundwater monitoring points have been set up around the Project area, one in

Household Dai and the other one in Household Chen, both in Leigutai Village of Yongji

Township, close to the northeast corner of the Plant area.

2. Monitoring Factors

pH, Total rigidity, Soluble total solid, CODMn, Sulfate, Chloride, Cyanide, Volatile

phenol, NH3-H, Nitrate, Nitrite, Fluoride, Cd, Pb, Fe, Mn, Hg, Cr6+

, As and Total coli

group, 20 items in total.

3. Monitoring Time and Sampling Frequency

On October 12, 2011, Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center

conducted monitoring once.

5. Monitoring and Assessent Results

The monitoring results of groundwater quality listed in Table 4.26 showed that the

monitoring factors at Household Dai in Leigutai Village, Yongji Township have met the

Type III standard as specified in the “Groundwater Quality Standard” (GB/T14848-93),

while the monitoring factors of total rigidity, Pb and Mn at Household Chen have

exceeded the standard values, the over-standard times are 0.14, 0.28 and 0.48 respectively.

The reason is mainly because of the impact caused by domestic sewage water and

industrial wastewater. At present, the residents’ drinking water is completely from

municipal supply of tap water, so the groundwater quality has a comparatively small

impact on the residents’ drinking water safety.


～ 125

Table 4.26 Monitoring Results of Groundwater Quality Unit: mg/L (except for pH value)

Section Item pH NH3-H TN NO3- NO2

-

Volatile

phenol Cyanide

Total

rigidity F

— SO4

2— Cl

—

Monitoring

value 7.14 0.12 0.20 0.83 0.01L 0.0010 0.004L 315.1 0.54 26.75 21.14

W1 Over-standard

times 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Section Item As Hg Cr6+

Pb Cd Fe Mn CODMn Soluble

total solid

Total coli

group

Monitoring

value 0.00471 0.000288 0.004L 0.011 0.001L 0.014 0.065 2.08 441 2

W1 Over-standard

times 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


-

Volatile

phenol Cyanide

Total

rigidity F

— SO4

2— Cl

—

Monitoring

value 7.05 0.14 0.22 1.19 0.01L 0.0011 0.004L 514.9 0.49 93.86 49.46

W2 Over-standard

times 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.14 0 0 0

Section Item As Hg Cr6+


total solid

Total coli

group

W2 Monitoring

value 0.00810 0.000002L 0.004L 0.064 0.001L 0.018 0.148 2.93 818 24


～ 126


-

Volatile

phenol Cyanide

Total

rigidity F

— SO4

2— Cl

—

Over-standard

times 0 0 0 0.28 0 0 0.48 0 0 0

pH NH3-H TN NO3- NO2

-

Volatile

phenol Cyanide

Total

rigidity F

— SO4

2— Cl

—

6.5~8.5 ≤0.2 / ≤20 ≤0.02 ≤0.002 ≤0.005 ≤450 ≤1.0 ≤250 /

As Hg Cr6+


total solid

Total coli

group

“Groundwater Quality

Standard”, Type III

≤0.05 ≤0.001 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.01 ≤0.3 ≤0.1 ≤3.0 ≤1000 ≤3.0


～ 127

5 The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact

5.1 The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact during Construction

The engineering construction during the course of construction mainly includes

civil construction, machinery operation, manual operation, equipment installation

work and so on. And then temporary buildings and warehouse during construction,

such as material processing and concrete mixing plant, are set up. Therefore, during

the construction, construction activities will inevitable have an influence on the

environment, which may pollute or destroy the environment. Construction activities

mainly include site cleaning, earthwork dig and landfill, fugitive dust from material

handling, noise from piling, concrete mixing, pouring and electric saw, household

refuse, construction wastes and sanitary and construction waste water dropped by

builders.

5.1.1 The Analysis of Impact on Environment and Air

℃℃℃Fugitive Dust

During the course of construction, because the earthwork construction can

destroy the surface structure, therefore, it may result in ground dust. The probability

of having a fugitive dust is closely related with soil condition, such as moisture

content of the earthwork, construction seasons, construction weather, wind direction,

wind speed and humidity such weather conditions and the degree of construction

mechanization and management level such management conditions. The main sources

of construction dust are℃

� The fugitive dust in the digging process of earthwork and earthwork

temporary yards used in pipeline and foundation excavation;

� The fugitive dust in the process of concrete mixing;

� The site handling of building materials, such as lime, cements, sand,

stones and bricks and stacking dusts.

� The secondary dust in the site road brought in by the heavy traffic;

� The cleaning of construction waste and yard dusts.

The dust emission and its influence are complicated problems difficult to be

quantified. The assessment makes a prediction on its load used analogy method. If the

wind speed is2.4m/s, the analogy result of fugitive dust on construction site can be

seen in Table 5-1.


～ 128

Table 5-1 The Fugitive Dust Pollution on Construction Site

TSP Density℃mg/m3℃

Upwind Downwind Project Name

20m 40m 80m 100m 150m

Group One 0.31 1.74 1.45 1.02 0.30

Group Two 0.32 1.44 0.94 0.66 0.32

From the data in Table 5-1, with the reference of fugitive emission monitoring

concentration limits (1.0 mg/m3) in GB16297-1996 Atmospheric Pollution Integrated

emission standard material, we can see that the construction fugitive dust makes an

influence of pollution when downwind at the range of 100m; At the distance of40m,

the overproof limits is 0.44~0.74times of the original; At the distance of 80m, the

maximum limits is 0.45 times of the original. With the reduction of the distance, the

influence of the pollution decreases gradually; At the distance of 100m, the maximum

limits is 0.02 times of the original, and at the distance of 150m, the monitoring

concentration limits can reach background concentration when upwind.

The technological upgrading project lies in the Yue paper mill, and people

mainly live in the dormitory of the Yue paper mill. This project should take

environmental protection measures of sprinkling and so on to effectively control the

construction fugitive dust within the standard limits, so that the influence of the

fugitive dust on protection targets can be reduced to the minimum limits.

℃℃℃Vehicle Exhaust

During the course of construction, various kinds of projects and transportation

need vehicles, including haulage truck, tip lorry, excavators, forklift truck, and

bulldozer and so on.

Usually, exhausts of trucks which use petrol and diesel as their fuel contain HC,

particulate matter, CO, and NOX such pollutants and the quantity of pollutant

discharged can be seen in Table 5-2.

Table 5-2 Quantity of Main Pollutant Discharged in Vehicle Exhausts

Fuel HC Particulate

Matter CO NOX Unit

Petrol-fueled 1.23 0.56 5.94 5.26 g/Km

Diesel-fueled 77.8 61.8 161.0 452.0 g/h

On the construction site the influence of vehicle exhaust on environmental has such

features:

1. Vehicles work within the construction site; therefore, the exhausts are in

the non-point source pollution form.

2. The height of vehicle’s exhaust pipe is a little low, so that the diffusion

range is not wide, which has a little influence on the surroundings.


～ 129

3. Vehicles are not in continuous operation, therefore, the time and quantity

of pollutant discharge are relatively little.

5.1.2 Analysis of the Influence of Waste Water

Usually, the construction waste water includes dewatering well drainage on earthwork

stage, concrete curing drainage on structural stage and other kinds of vehicle flush

water. The construction waste water often is alkalescent, which has oil pollution and a

great quantity of suspended matter. The pH value of construction waste water is 10,

SS is about 1000-6000mg/L, and the oil pollution is 15mg/L.

The sanitary sewage of builders comes from temporary living quarters, which

includes washes and fecal sewage. The pollutant concentration is : CODcr about

380mg/l, NH3-Nabout 25mg/L℃BOD5 about 220mg/L℃SS about260 mg/L. It

discharged without any treatments; the above construction waste water and sanitary

sewage can not only pollute the surrounding surface water but can have a bad effect

on underground water. After taking measures, bringing waste water in local current

sewerage system and discharge after being treated, then the bad effect can be avoided.

5.1.3 Analysis of the Influence of Noise

The noise during the construction mainly includes equipment noise of kinds of

construction machineries, such as pile hammer, blender, and traffic noise from all

materials transporter and so on.

When the noise intensity of construction machineries is between 85~105 dB (A), it is

featured with high noise value, irregularity and abruptness. Therefore, it has a partial

and short-time effect on environment, which will be disappear with the

accomplishment of the construction.

5.1.4 Analysis of the Influence of Solid Waste

Constructions abandon soil: It comes from and leveling, earthwork excavation in the

course of construction. Although builders have thought about backfilling the

earthwork to reduce abandon soil, there will be temporary spoil ground, which has a

bad effect on air, soil and ecology in a short period of time.

Construction Waste: It includes residue, waste steel bars, waste iron wire, and kinds

of waste scrap steel parts, Metal pipe waste, waste wood, saw dust, wood shavings, all

sorts of adornment material packing cases, packaging bag, fugitive mortar and

concrete, brick bubbles, Broken concrete blocks, yellow sand, pebbles and block

stones in the process of handling and so on. Although the construction waste doesn’t

contain poisonous and harmful ingredients, if not cleaned in time, fugitive dust will

come into being to pollute the air; When it rains, dusty fractions will run into drainage

ditch with surface runoff, which will largely increase suspended matter in the water,

resulting in the temporary pollution and siltation of drainage ditch. Therefore, the

construction waste should be cleaned in time. It is strictly prohibited to throw them

away and piled up.

If the construction abandon soil is treated without taking protective measures; if

construction waste in doesn’t cleaned in time, and it household garbage pile up

everywhere, dusts will generate, odor gas will pollute the atmosphere, and if rains, it

may pollute the soil and underground water. The construction solid waste should be

sent to yards according to classified collection, so that the bad effect on local soil and

water body will be avoided.


～ 130

According to the field survey, currently the site area hasn’t related equipment disposal

plan. If the construction unit wants to tear down the old bleaching system equipment,

the dismantling order should be: cut off the power, clean the equipment surface,

remove pipes used to fix , dismantle and connect the equipment and take connecting

bolts used for equipment and platform apart, remove the equipment. In the process of

dismantling, waste oil will be produced but there will be no asbestos and other

dangerous chemical. The project planed that after collecting waste oil in tin can,

deliver them by the Hunan Hanyang Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd℃

and the dismantling should be operated by man and machine.

The scrap equipments will be removed by YueYang GuoTai Machinery

Co.,LTD..After dismantling, lifting should be moved by cars to outside but not pile up

in the site area. The dismantled equipment also will be recovered by YueYang

GuoTai Machinery Co.,LTD., which will have a little impact on the surroundings.

5.2 The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact at the Operation

Stage

5.2.1 Analysis of Environment and Atmosphere Impact

The technological transformation project makes technological transformation on the

bleaching section of the reeds workshop. The project will generate exhausts which

contain ClO2 and a little Cl2 in the preparation process of ClO2. Through the

investigation of ClO2 workshop on the similar project Ruanjiang Paper, we know that

it produces a little Cl2, and has a little effect on the surrounding environment.

5.2.2 The Prediction and Assessment of Impact on Surface Water Environment

1. Prediction Content

After the accomplishment of this project, in normal and abnormal conditions, the

company will make a prediction on the impact of receiving waters’ quality.

2. The choice of predictors

According to the sewage feature of this project, we choose CODCr℃BOD5 as

predictors. Meanwhile, AOX is one of the featured pollutants of pulping bleaching

waste water. AOX has three effects, which are causing poison, teratogenesis and

mutagenesis on aquatic organism. Therefore, after considering the pollution of

chromaticity and BOD5 of bleaching effluent, we pay more and more attention to the

discharge of AOX. This assessment will also briefly analyze the influence of AOX.

3. Estimation Range

The estimation range of assessment is a section of Yangtze River 0.5km upstream to

10km down stream of the project site.

4 Prediction Mosel

The waste water of the technological upgrading projects discharges into the Yangtze

River and it will form a pollution belt near one side of the drain outlet. Therefore, we

make the prediction by using 2-dimensional water quality model.

Two-dimensional steady hybrid model of the shore emissions:

−−+−+= )

4

)2(exp()

4exp(),(

22

xM

yBu

xM

uy

xuMH

Qccyxc

yyy

pp

h

π


～ 131

The weakening two-dimensional steady hybrid model of the shore emissions:

−−+−+−= )

4

)2(exp()

4exp()

86400exp(),(

22

xM

yBu

xM

uy

xuMH

Qcc

u

xKyxc

yyy

pp

hπ

In the formula, c(x,y)-- Vertical average concentration increment (mg/l) at (x℃y);

x,y—respectively, they are vertical distance (m)and horizontal distance (m)from the

computational point to drain outlet.

u-- Average Velocity of Cross Section of River, m/s;

pc-- Pollutants Emission Concentration, mg/l;

hc--Upstream Pollutant Concentration, mg/l;

pQ-- Sewage Quantity, m

3/s;

yM-- Horizontal Mixed Coefficient, m

2/s;

H-- Rivers Average Water Depth, m;

B-- Rivers Average Width, m℃

K-- Oxygen Consumption Coefficient of River, 1/d.

According to the requirement of Assessment Technical Guideline of Environmental

Impact, by using Taylor experience formula the mixed coefficient of prediction model

My is

21

))(065.0058.0( gHIBHM y +=

In the formula, I—the bottom slope, other signs can refer to the above.

5. Model Parameter Estimation

According to the minimum monthly average flow series from Cheng Lingji

hydrological station, after frequency analysis and calculation we can see that the

condition to guarantee the most dried-up month average hydrology at the percentage

of 90% is that:

The Yangtze River℃Qh=4495m3/s℃H=2.7m℃U=0.24m/s℃B=150m

6. The Prediction Background Value and the Source of Pollution

We can see the prediction background value from Table 5-3, and the discharge of

waste water source can be seen in Table5-4.


～ 132

Table 5-3 Table of Prediction Background Value of Water Quality

Project COD BOD

Level Period 10.1 1.63

Drought Period 15.2 2.44

Table 5-4 The Waste Water Pollution Source before and after the Upgrading and Extension

Unit�g/s

After treatment Sewage Treatment Station Failure Operating Condition

CODcr BOD CODcr BOD

Emission Load after the

project 43.01 9.56 176.21 68.74

The Actual Emission Load 43.49 12.05 146.27 49.38

Increase Reduction after the

Project -0.48 -2.49 +29.94 +19.36

7. The Result of Prediction Assessment

1.The Prediction Result of Water Quality of COD℃BOD, see in Table 5-5, 5-6.

Table 5-5 The Prediction Table of Impact on Water and Environment in Normal

Circumstances Unit�Mg/l

CODCr y(m)

x(m) 0 20 50 80 100 150

100 14.840 15.062 15.199 15.200 15.200 15.200

300 14.992 15.049 15.172 15.199 15.200 15.200

500 15.040 15.068 15.152 15.193 15.199 15.200

1000 15.087 15.098 15.138 15.176 15.190 15.199

1500 15.108 15.114 15.139 15.167 15.181 15.195

2000 15.121 15.125 15.142 15.163 15.176 15.189

5000 15.151 15.152 15.155 15.160 15.163 15.167

8000 15.161 15.160` 15.160 15.161 15.162 15.162

8500 15.162 15.161 15.161 15.162 15.163 15.163

BOD y(m)

x(m) 0 20 50 80 100 150

100 2.360 2.409 2.440 2.440 2.440 2.440


～ 133

300 2.394 2.407 2.434 2.440 2.440 2.440

500 2.404 2.411 2.429 2.438 2.440 2.440

1000 2.415 2.417 2.426 2.435 2.438 2.440

1500 2.420 2.421 2.426 2.433 2.436 2.439

2000 2.423 2.423 2.427 2.432 2.435 2.438

5000 2.429 2.429 2.430 2.431 2.432 2.433

8000 2.431 2.431 2.431 2.431 2.432 2.432

8500 2.432 2.432 2.432 2.432 2.433 2.433

Table 5-6 The Prediction Table of Impact on Water and Environment after Sewage

Treatment Station’s Failure Unit�Mg/l

CODCr y(m)

x(m) 0 20 50 80 100 150

100 17.751 16.177 15.206 15.200 15.200 15.200

300 16.670 16.267 15.399 15.209 15.201 15.200

500 16.336 16.138 15.542 15.253 15.209 15.200

1000 15.999 15.926 15.638 15.372 15.273 15.207

1500 15.849 15.808 15.635 15.433 15.332 15.235

2000 15.759 15.732 15.614 15.461 15.373 15.275

5000 15.546 15.543 15.520 15.485 15.462 15.432

8000 15.479 15.483 15.483 15.477 15.472 15.466

8500 15.468 15.460 15.454 15.450 15.445 15.439

BOD Y(m)

x(m) 0 20 50 80 100 150

100 4.090 3.072 2.444 2.440 2.440 2.440

300 3.390 3.130 2.569 2.446 2.440 2.440

500 3.175 3.046 2.661 2.474 2.446 2.440

1000 2.957 2.909 2.724 2.551 2.487 2.445

1500 2.859 2.833 2.721 2.591 2.525 2.463

2000 2.801 2.784 2.708 2.609 2.552 2.489


～ 134

5000 2.664 2.662 2.647 2.624 2.609 2.590

8000 2.620 2.623 2.623 2.619 2.616 2.612

8500 2.615 2.617 2.617 2.612 2.607 2.601

With the reference of water quality assessment criterion of assessment regions, we

can see that:

(a) After the accomplishment of this project, because the emission load of the

plant’s water pollutant has reduced, at the distance of 8500m, COD can

reduce 0.038 mg/l, at the distance of 8500m BOD can reduce 0.008mg/l.

(b) When sewage treatment station fails, the waste water accident has an effect

on BOD5 of Yangtze River. At the downstream drain outlet, it appears an

overproof pollution belt, which is 100m long and 10m wide.

2. Analysis of the Effect of AOX’s Emissions Impact

(a) Biological Toxicity of AOX

Biological testing method can directly reflect the toxicity of industrial sewage and its

harm and influence on aquatic biology environment. Fish eggs and fry are the most

sensitive stage to the living environment as to the fish. It is accepted by most scholars

to make experiments at the early development stage of fish eggs and fry. In our

country, some scholars have made such experiments to learn the toxicity feature on

bleaching effluent of AOX. Some researches use different diluted concentration of

chemical pulp paper stock bleach effluent of some paper mill (the main toxic

substance is AOX, with mass concentration of 37.5mg/L), it shows that when the

dilution factor is less than 30, hatchability rate of fish eggs and death rate of fry is

higher than the control group. But when the dilution factor reaches 100, 300, and

1000, hatchability rate of fish eggs and death rate of fry are similar with the control

group at 96h, which shows that in this circumstance the influence is so little. At the

same time, acute toxicity experiment of AOX on fish eggs and fry, at 96h the half

lethal concentration of fish eggs is 774 ml/L. It is also reported at abroad that in such

experiment, when the content of AOX is 2.0 6.0mg/L, salmon’s survival rate keeps

between 95 100%, there is no significant difference with the control group.

(b) Analysis of the Effect of AOX’s Emissions Impact

The quantity of AOX is directly related with active chlorine quantity in bleaching

process. After the project’s technological upgrading, by using non- element chlorine

bleaching technology of D0-Ep-D1in bleaching process, using ClO2 to substitute Cl2

as bleacher, and there is no Cl2 in a free state in the bleaching process. AOX produced

by the bleaching of ClO2 is only 1/5 time of the bleaching of Cl2, which can decrease

the acidity, chromacity and the content of Nacl of bleaching effluent. There are no

dioxin and toxic substances from biological accumulation in the ECF bleaching

process. According to the monitoring report, after the technological upgrading, AOX

concentration in the waste water from the drain outlet is 6.67 mg/L, and the

wastewater average concentration fits the Table 2 of The Pulp and paper Industry

Standards for Discharge of Water Pollutants (GB3544-2008).After advanced

treatment with project waste water, the concentration of AOX is 0.010mg/L, and so is

the absorbable organic halogen concentration.


～ 135

After calculation, when the waste water flows into Yangtze River, the maximum

contribution value of AOX is 0.010mg/L with prediction density of 0.000005mg/L

after perfect mixing, which shows that when AOX is normal discharged, waste water

has a little influence on Yangtze River.

5.2.4The Prediction and Assessment of Noise

℃℃℃Strong Noise Source

The noise source of this project is stuff pump, water pump and air compressor. The

main noise equipment and noise level can be seen in Table 2-30. The noise

equipments are intensive distributed. Our project will predict the influence of each

noise source on predicted position, and then adds the prediction value to get the sound

level.

℃℃℃ Prediction Model

(1) Point Source

−=

0

0 lg20)()(r

rrLrL PP

or

24lg10)(

r

QLrL Wp π

+=

In the formula, Lp (r) ——Sound Pressure Level (dB);

r ——the Distance between Predicted Position and Sound Source (m);

r0——the Distance between Reference Position and Sound Source (m);

Lp (r0) ——Sound Pressure Level of the Reference Position (dB);

LW——Source Sound Power Level (dB); at normal temperature, it is related with

sound pressure level LP as the following:

SLL pw lg10+=

LP——the average noise level of enveloping surface (s) (dB);

s ——the area of enveloping surface (m2).

Q ——directivity factor Q℃completely free space Q=1℃half free space Q=2℃1/4 free space

Q=4℃1/8 free space Q=8.

℃2℃Superposition Model of Sound Level

+= ∑

=

10/

1

10/1010lg10 Bi L

n

i

L

nL

In the formula, Li——the Sound Pressure Level of Sound Source i at the Predicted Position dB

(A);

LB——the Background Sound Pressure Level dB (A);


～ 136

Ln——the Sound Pressure Level of the Predicted Position n dB (A).

(℃) The Prediction of Noise Influence in the period of Technological Upgrading Operation

After the project is completed and in operation, because the project noise is far from

the site and is indoor noise, according to such cases, the noise of this project has no

effect on the acoustic environment beyond 220m. Therefore, supposed the noise

equipments are used at the same time and work round the clock, the noise

contribution to factories within 220m is seen in Table 5-7.

From the Table5-7, we can see that the contribution value is less than 50Db. The days

and nights noise value can satisfy criterion of Industrial Enterprise Factory Bound

Noise Emission GB12348 2008,and has a little effect on factory bound.

Table 5-10 the Prediction Result of Noise Influence Unit�dB (A)

Background Value Superposition Value Number Monitoring Sites

Daytime Night

Contribution

Value Daytime Night

Noise

within

Factory

Bound

℃GB12348℃2008℃

Category 65 55 65 55

Factory Bound E

Face 59.4 54.2 34.74 59.41 54.3

Factory Bound S

Face 56.8 55.0 29.09 56.81 55.01

Factory Bound W

Face 57.9 54.0 29.9 57.91 54.02

Factory Bound N

Face 54.0 52.8 42.62 54.3 53.2

5.2.5 The Analysis of Solid Waste Impact on Environment

From the engineering analysis, the solid waste after the accomplishment of this

project is the sludge and sodium sulfate sewage treatment plant. Sludge contains a

large quantity of flammable organic, and has certain heat value. Through mixed with

fire coal as boiler fuel, it can not only reduce residue pollution with the utilization of

waste products, but also can decrease the coal consumption by burning recycling heat

energy. The sodium sulfate can be recycled and used in alkali recovery workshop of

the company. From this, we can see that the solid waste from the technological

upgrading project can be utilized comprehensive, and has no effect on the outside

environment.


～ 137

6 Measures to Mitigate Impact

6.1Measures to Mitigate Impact of Pollution during Construction Period

6.1.1 Measures to mitigate impact of waste gas pollution

In order to mitigate waste gas pollution, the construction site should improve the

management of construction and environment; implement a environmental friendly

construction institution. it is suggested to take following measures to minimize the

pollution

1, Strict project site rules: construction should be taken closed and isolated with

baffle plate during the project period. The road should take hardening and be

sprinkled regularly to get rid of the floating dust. Projection should be paused when

wind speed is high. The vacant field of the site can be greened.

2. Control the period easy to the generate dust: sprinkle the earth-rock

excavation working field, the earth and rock should be filled in tome or transported to

designated place. Transportation can be based on the original roads of the factory area

so as to mitigate dust pollution during transportation. Vehicles and roads used for

transportation shall be washed and cleaned in time; the road shall be kept in proper

humidity; wash equipments shall be set in the vehicles before driving out of the

construction site; vehicles are required to drive in a low speed or limited speed when

in the working field in order to mitigate the dust; vehicles transporting sand and stone,

cement, dregs, etc should be covered with cloth; cement cans in bulk shall be kept

separately.

3. Mitigate the dust in the material during usage and storage: construction

materials should be loaded and unloaded with care; commercial concrete is suggested

to mitigate the dust pollution; commercial cement in bag is suggested; cement in bulk

shall be kept in airproof storage and pneumatic discharge; avoid stirring the cement at

the project site; the earth in the vehicle shall be lower than the baffle when loaded and

transported; temporally piled earth and sand shall be covered with cloth or sprinkled

regularly; dregs shall be cleared and transported as early as possible; the construction

roads shall be sprinkled regularly for dust proof.

4. Machines discharges heavy smoke should be installed with smoke-

eliminating equipments to mitigate the pollution.

5. Vehicles and machines discharge most tail gas when in idle speed and are

slowing down and accelerating, so they should be kept in smooth speed in the project

site in order to eliminate pollution.

6. Workers of the construction should hygiene energy like electricity, liquid

gas, etc.

6.1.2 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Water Pollution

In order to mitigate impact of waste water pollution, below measure are suggested:

1. Construction force should meet the rules concerning environmental

protection in the contract.

2. An overall plan about temperate draining system in the construction field

before constructing, a temperate drainage ditch for the rain to be drained shall be dug


～ 138

during construction, also, a clay bank should be constructed to prevent the rain from

flowing into the whole flat area, so that the water will not gather within the area

where may influence the stability of the slope.

3. Recycling the water for wash and for curing the concrete, waste water,

rain, waste water of piling mud and water gathered in the field shall be collected and

treated by chemical precipitation process, then discharge the supernatant, and

transport the mud with mud vehicle. In the site where vehicles and machines are

washed and repaired, mini-sized oil-separating and oil-gathering tanks shall be set for

the site would emit waste water containing oil and waste. Water discharge should

meet the demands of GB8978-96, Level I.

4. Simple pour-flush latrines shall be set in the project site; the waste of

latrines shall be collected and treated in the septic tank of Grade III. The waste water

should be kept in the tank for at least 12 hours, and then discharged together with

ordinary domestic waste water after treated to meet the standard. Oil-containing waste

water discharged from the canteen shall be treated by oil separation, and then

discharged together with ordinary domestic water after treated to meet the standard.

6.1.3 Measures to mitigate impact of noise pollution

In order to make the noise in the construction field meet the standard, below measures

are suggested:

1. Lower the noise from the source. Choose equipment of low noise as much

as possible, for example, high frequency vibrator, prestressed static pile or water-jet

filling pile(little damage to the geology) instead of impact piling when piling; lower

the noise of fixed machine, earth-excavating and earth-transporting machine by blow-

down silencer and separating the vibrating spare part of the engine; enhance the

quality of equipment installment; take vibration reduction or vibration proof for major

machines; take regular repairmen and care for dynamic equipment so as to prevent the

loosen spares or damaging muffler from increasing noise. Equipment should be shut

down in time when out of use.

2. Arrange the pattern inside construction site reasonably: avoid installing

plenty of dynamic mechanic equipment at the same place in order not to make too

much noise; set sound barrier around the loud noise equipment to reduce the noise;

construct walls around the project site of certain height according to the rules;

machines of loud noise shall be installed in the north of the field so as to reduce the

influence to the sensitive spots outside the south boundary of the field.

3. Arrange the construction time reasonably: avoid the simultaneous working

of all loud noise machines. Constructions are forbidden at night except for the work of

drilling machine for simplex pile, cleaning, concreting, digging foundation pit,

concreting basement and concreting roof which need continuous work. Constructions

at night must be taken under the permission of environmental protection ministration.

If work of loud noise is arranged at night, temperate noise barriers are suggested to be

set around the machines to reduce the impact of noise.

4. Minimize the man-made noise: arrange the equipment according to the

rules. Avoid generating noise during loading or unloading the templates and

frameworks; materials shall be carried and unloaded with care; construction tools

should not be left around or afar; vehicle shall be kept in a limited speed after entering

the site and the horns are not allowed to be sound.


～ 139

6.1.4 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Solid Waste Pollution

In order to mitigate impact of solid waste pollution, below measures are suggested to

take:

1. Arrange the procedure of construction reasonably, balance the earth

excavation and earth fill; fill the earth in time to reduce the influenced time and area

to the air, soil and ecology.

2. Arrange the construction period reasonably, fill with construction solid

waste as much as possible; recycle the solid waste during construction to reduce the

total volume of emission. Construction solid waste shall be piled to the special place

according to the requirements of local environmental protection ministration; for the

waste needed piled by separately, categorization under the rules shall be done first,

then delivered to the designated dump sites. Construction waste shall be treated and

leaned in time, and not allowed to dump into the lake nearby.

3. Construction field and workers living quarters should install temperate

waste collectors which shall be cleaned in time and delivered to the designated piling

ar filing sites. Waste scatter or casual dump is forbidden.

4. Waste paint or dope shall be collected by special containers and delivered

to institutions qualified to treat hazardous solid waste or the producers. Waste paint

kettle shall be recycled by the producer after collection, or sold to recycling

companies. Self-clean by the constructors is not allowed.

5. Waste machine oil can be generated when removing the old whitening

equipment, therefore, it is suggested to be collected with iron cans and then delivered

to qualified institutions. Machines shall be transported away by vehicles after

removed instead of being piled within the area. Removed old equipment can be sold

to reduce the impact to the surroundings.

6.2 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Waste Water During Operation Period

1. Analysis of the treatment scale

After the completion of the project, the quantity of water feed and water discharge of

mud purification system would reduce. According to the project analysis, the

discharge of Huawei Workshop is 10115.8m3/d, a 4043.2 m3/d less than the

discharge amount before technique improvement. Therefore, after the improvement

current waste water treatment system can meet the need of this project.

2. Treatment technique

Waste water of the pulping in this project is treated by aerobic waste water treatment

station of the company. The treatment procedure is shown by Figure 6-1


～ 140

After treatment, according to the inspection, all the indexes of emission are within the

limitations of Papermaking Industry Water Pollutant Discharge Standard GB3544-

2008 Table 1, higher than the limitations of Papermaking Industry Water Pollutant

Discharge Standard GB3544-2008 Table 2; all the indexes of discharge at the electric

plant are within the limitations of Waste Water Total Discharge Standard GB8978-

1996 Table 3. According to the Papermaking Industry Water Pollutant Discharge

Standard, all the papermaking enterprises should meet the requirements of Table 2,

therefore, the enterprise intend to raise the amount of agent used in the waste water

treatment station. According to the operation test in July, 2011, the waste water

discharge can meet the requirement of Table 2..

Aerobic waste water treatment station

Discharge wastewater

meeting the requirements Recycling delivered sludge

Chemical pulping waste

water

Primary sedimentation

Cooling tower

Homogeny tank

Aeration tank

Secondary sedimentation

Muds reflow

Sludge thickening Sludge dewatering

Filtrate

Figure 6.1 Aerobic waste water treatment procedure


～ 141

6.3 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Gas Pollution during OperationPeriod

This technique improvement project intends to improve the whitening section of

Huawei Workshop. According to the survey of ClO2 production workshop section of

Ruanjiang Papermaking Factory, the construction may generate a little tail gas during

the ClO2 producing proceed. The tail gas mainly contains ClO2 and a little Cl2. Tail

gas generated during the whole procedure will enter scrubbing tower, scrubbed by

chilled water. Then thin ClO2 solution would enter absorption tower to continue

absorbing ClO2 gas to get thicker. A little Cl2 would be emitted directly by the

blower. Since only a little Cl2 would be generated, the influence towards surroundings

is also very weak.

6.4 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Noise Pollution during Operation Period

The noise source of the project is mainly mud pump, water pump and air compressor.

Noise Control Principles

1. Noise control measures taken during the design are basically under

principles below:

Starting with controlling noise source, the requirement that noise volume of

equipment shall be produced under the standard volume needs to be raised when

ordering. For some equipment, it is necessary to install noise elimination and noise

separation spare.

2. When designing equipment and tubes, attentions should be paid in

vibration proof and crush proof in order to reduce the vibration noise. Flow field

situation when transporting gas shall be improved so as to reduce aerodynamic noise.

3. When designing the factory buildings, major working and resting places

should be kept away from strong noise source; call room is necessary concerning the

noise proof and separation for the workers. Noise separation volume shall be

guaranteed.

4. Overall plan, reasonable arrangement and noise proof distance shall be

considered in the overall design. Greening area should be set all around factory area,

to reduce the noise impact by a further step.

During the actual operation, noise control measures shall be taken respectively

according to each workshop and source, the control principles are as below:

～ 1.～for mechanic vibration noise source, major measures are vibration

reduction and noise separation;

2. for noise source within the workshop, dual measures are noise separation

and working environment separation protection;

3. for interval noise source, measure is paralleling common mufflers,

reducing the amount of mufflers;

4. for noise of high pressure draft, major measure is reducing pressure and air

or damping noise elimination.


～ 142

6.5 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Solid Waste Pollution during Operation Period

The solid wastes of technique improvement project are sludge and mirabilite. The

sludge mainly contains organic components and can be delivered to dynamic boiler to

burn so as to recycle heat energy. The solid waste generation and treatment of the

project are shown in Table 6-2.


～ 143

Table 6-2 Generation and Treatment of Solid Waste

Volume

Name Generation

procedure Dry

weight℃t/a℃

Water

ratio℃%℃

Solid

component Treatment

Sludge Waste water

treatment station

2.02 85

Organism Burning

Sludge from waste water treatment station

After the completion of the project, the factory would generate approximately sludge

2.02 t/a, with the water ratio of 85%. Since the biochemical treatment of the factory is

exposure, most sludge comes from primary sedimentation tank. Taken method of

analogue, the chemical components of sludge are shown in Table 6-3.

Figure 6-3 Major Chemical Components of Sludge

Item Consistency

Sludge consistency 1.5-2.0%℃with water℃

Al 81-450

As <0.1

B <0.1

Cl 6-49

Cd <0.01

Ca 8.35

Cd6+

<0.01

Na 97-430

Fe 9.32

Pb 0.78

trate nitrogen 0.04-0.8

P 3-15

K 13-19

sulphate 83-640

Total N 30-420

Total C 1990-8700

COD 8000-46000


～ 144

According to the data of the figure above, major components of sludge are organism

and miner fiber, which would be delivered into boiler as fuel in the project.

The alkali recycling system needs mirabilite and as by-product, 4332t/a of mirabilite

would be generated in the project and can be directly used in the alkali recycle

workshop.


～ 145

7 Assessment of Environmental Risk

7.1 Risk Assessment Level

Through the identification of material danger, major hazardous source and

environmentally sensitive area of the construction project, the assessment level of

environmental risk of this project can be divided according to the criteria for

assessment level division specified in Table 7-1.

Table 7-1 Criteria for Environmental Risk Assessment Level Division

Highly Toxic

Hazardous

Substance

Toxic Hazardous

Substance

Combustible or

Flammable

Hazardous

Substance

Explosive

Hazardous

Substance

Major hazardous

source I II I I

Non-hazardous

source II II II II

Environmentally

sensitive area I I I I

Analysis of Hazardous Substances

According to the "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment on

Projects" (HJ/T169-2004), the danger of the toxic, hazardous, flammable or explosive

substances within the risk identification range of the project should be identified. The

standards for hazardous substances can be seen in Table 7-2.

Table 7-2 Standards for Hazardous Substances

Substance

category Grade

LD50 Orally median

lethal dose

(Rat Orally) mg / kg

LD50 Cutaneously

24h median lethal

dose

(Rat Cutaneously) mg

/ kg

LC50 nasally 4h median

lethal concentration

(Inhalation by mouse, 4

hours) mg / L

1 <5 <1 <0.01

2 5<LD50<25 10<LD50<50 0.1<LC50<0.5 Toxic

substance

3 25<LD50<200 50<LD50<400 0.5<LC50<2

1

Flammable gas: the substance exists as a gas under atmospheric pressure

and forms an ignitable mixture when mixing with air; its boiling point

(under atmospheric pressure) is 20 ℃ or below

Flammable

substance

2 Combustible liquid: the substance has a flash point that is less than 21 ℃and

a boiling point that is higher than 20 ℃


～ 146

Substance

category Grade

LD50 Orally median

lethal dose

(Rat Orally) mg / kg

LD50 Cutaneously

24h median lethal

dose

(Rat Cutaneously) mg

/ kg

LC50 nasally 4h median

lethal concentration

(Inhalation by mouse, 4

hours) mg / L

3

Flammable liquid: the substance has a flash point that is less than 55 ℃,

exists as a liquid under pressure, and can cause major accidents in the actual

operating conditions (such as high temperature and pressure)

Explosive

substance

The substance can explode under the influence of flames, and is more

sensitive than nitrobenzene towards impact or friction

Note: (1) a toxic substances that comply with No. 1 or 2 criteria for toxic substance identification

belongs to highly toxic substances; a toxic substance that comply with the No. 3 criteria for toxic

substance identification belongs to toxic substances.

(2) The substances that comply with the standards for flammable substances and explosive

substances in the Table shall be regarded as hazardous substances that tend to cause fire or

explosion.

According to the identification methods of the "Technical guidelines for

environmental risk assessment on projects" (HJ/T169-2004) and the "Identification of

major hazard installations for dangerous chemicals" (GB18218-2009), the

identification of major hazardous source of this project can be seen in Table 7-3:

Table 7-3 Identification and analysis of Major Hazardous Source

Critical Quantity on Storage Site (t) Name Risk Category Form

Actual quantity Critical quantity

Sulfuric acid Corrosive acid Liquid 50 200

Sodium chlorate Strong

oxidizing Crystal 25 100

Methanol Flammability Liquid 10 500

Hydrogen peroxide Corrosive and

oxidizing Liquid 50 200

Chlorine dioxide Strong

oxidizing Liquid 0.5 50

Methane Flammability Gas 0.099 50

Identification of major Hazardous Source

The functional units shall be divided in accordance with the conditions of the used

chemicals. Any functional unit that produce, process, transport, use or store hazardous

substances in quantities equal or exceeds the critical quantity of the functional unit

shall be identified as a major hazard source. According to the number of types of


～ 147

substance handling, the quantity of hazardous substances existing in each unit shall be

divided into the following two situations:

1. If the hazardous substance existing in a unit belongs to a single species, the

quantity of this substance shall be the total quantity of hazardous substances within

the unit, if the quantity of this substance is equal to or exceeds the corresponding

critical quantity, then this unit can be identified as a major hazardous source.

2. When various species of hazardous substances exist in a unit, it shall be

determined by the following formula, and If the following formula can be met, the

unit can be identified as a major hazardous source:

12

2

1

1 ≥++n

n

Q

q

Q

q

Q

qL

……………………………………Formula 7-1

Where: q1,q2...qn——Actual quantity of each hazardous substance, t.

Q1,Q2...Qn——The critical quantity corresponding to each hazardous substance in

production area or storage area, t.

According to the identification basis and methods in Section 4.2.3 of the "Technical

guidelines for environmental risk assessment on projects" (HJ/T169-2004), and as

against the name and critical situation of each hazardous substance in Appendix A.1

of the Risk Guidelines and the "Identification of major hazard installations for

dangerous chemicals" (GB18218-2009), the major hazardous source of this project

shall be identified.

Conclusion of Major Hazardous Source Identification

According to the definition of unit in the "Identification of major hazard installations

for dangerous chemicals" (GB18218-2009), the edge distance of the production site

and the storage site of the technological transformation project is less than 500 meters,

thus the two ones shall be identified as one unit.

Calculated by Formula 7-1, it can be seen that the ∑q/Q of the production site and

storage site is less than 1, thus this project’s existing quantity of substance does not

constitute a major risk source, and the project can be determined as a project without

anon-hazardous source one pursuant to this condition.

Identification of Environmentally Sensitive Areas

The project site is located in the plant site of Yueyang Paper Mill, there is no scenic

spot, nature reserve and cultural heritage and other target requiring special protection

around the project. Based on the above identified hazardous substances and the

situation of non-hazardous source, combined with the environmentally sensitive

degree of the project site and other factors, the level of environmental risk assessment

has been ultimately determined as Level II.

7.2 Environmental Rsk Identification

7.2.1 Identification of the Scope of Risk

The scope of environmental risk identification includes the risk identification of

production facilities and the risk identification of substances involved in the

production process.


～ 148

1. The scope of risk identification of this project’s production facilities

mainly refers to the production facilities, storage and transportation system, public

utility system, engineering and environmental protection facilities and auxiliary

production facilities within the entire plant site.

2. According to main raw/auxiliary materials used in this project, products

and the "Three Wastes" pollutant emissions in production process, the scope of risk

identification of substances involved in the production process shall be determined.

7.2.2 Identification of risk substances

According to the query of the standard Name List of Hazardous Chemicals (2002

version) and relevant materials, the hazardous chemicals involved in the production of

this technological transformation project include sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate,

methanol, methane, hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide, and the names, physical

and chemical properties, toxicity and other information concerning these substances

can be seen in Table 7-4 ~ 7-9.

Table 7-4 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Sulfuric Acid

Nature GB No. 81007

CAS No. 7664-93-9

Chinese

name ℃℃

English

name Sulfuric acid

Other

name ℃℃℃

Molecular

formula H2SO4

Appearance

and

character

The pure chemical is colorless

transparent oily liquid,

odorless

Molecular

weight 98.08

Vapor

pressure 0.13kPa(145.8℃)

Melting

point

10.5℃Boiling

point:330.0℃ Solubility Miscible with water

Physical and

chemical

properties

Density

Relative density

(water = 1) 1.83;

relative density (air

= 1) 3.4

Stability Stable


～ 149

Nature GB No. 81007

Hazard

label 20 (corrosive acid)

Main

purpose

It can be used in the

production of chemical

fertilizers, it can also be used

in the chemical,

pharmaceutical, plastics, dyes,

petroleum refining and other

industries

Hazardous

characteristics

Hazardous characteristics: when it contacts with combustibles (such as benzene)

and organic matters (such as sugar, cellulose, etc.), it will react violently or even

cause a fire. It can release hydrogen after reacting with some active metal

powders. It can release large amount of heat and cause boiling and splashing

when contacting with water. It is strong caustic.

Combustion (decomposition) products: sulfur oxides.

Toxicity Acute toxicity: LD5080mg/kg (ingestion by rat); LC50510mg/m

3, 2 hours

(inhalation by rat); 320mg/m3, 2 hours (inhalation by mouse)

Health

hazards

Pathways: inhalation, ingestion.

Health hazards: it has strong irritating and corroding effects on skin, mucous

membranes and other tissues. Towards eyes, it can cause conjunctivitis, edema,

corneal opacity, even blindness; it can cause irritation to the respiratory tract,

severe cases may show dyspnea and pulmonary edema; high concentration can

cause spasm of larynx or edema of glottis, and even death. It can cause burns or

even ulcers of digestive tract after oral administration of. Severe cases progress

to gastric perforation, peritonitis, spasm of larynx and edema of glottis, kidney

damage, shock, etc.. Chronic impact includes dental erosion, chronic bronchitis,

emphysema and pulmonary sclerosis.

Accidental

release

measures

The personnel in the contaminated area shall be evacuated to a safe area,

unauthorized access to the contaminated area shall be prohibited, and it is

recommended that the emergency personnel shall wear protective face-shields

and chemical protecting suits. Reasonable ventilation, never direct contact with

the leaked substances, never make the leaked substances contact with

combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.), stop the leakage under safe

conditions. Spay water fog to slow down volatile (or spread), but never directly

spray water towards the leaked substances or the leaking point. Mix the leaked

substances with sand, dry lime or soda ash, and then collect and transport the

mixture to waste disposal sites. It can also be rinsed with plenty of water; the

diluted washing water shall be discharged into waste water system. In case of

leakage in large amount, control the leakage by using cofferdam, and then

collect, transfer, recycle or dispose after harmless treatment.

Protective

measures

Respiratory protection: When it is possible to expose to its vapor or smoke, gas

masks or demand-type helmets must be worn. In case of emergency rescue or

escape, it is recommended to wear self-contained breathing apparatus.


～ 150

Nature GB No. 81007

Eye protection: Wear chemical safety glasses.

Protective clothing: Wear working clothes (made by anti-corrosion material).

Hand protection: Wear rubber gloves.

Others: take a shower after work. Store the clothes polluted by toxic substances

separately, and use the washed clothes. Maintain good health habits.

First aid

measures

Skin contact: Remove the contaminated clothing, immediately flush with water

for at least 15 minutes. Or flush with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution. Undergo

medical treatment.

Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water

for at least 15 minutes. Undergo medical treatment.

Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. If

breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. Give aerosolized 2-4% sodium

bicarbonate solution inhalation. Undergo medical treatment.

Ingestion: If swallow, drink milk, egg white, vegetable oil, etc., do not induce

vomiting. Undergo medical treatment immediately.

Fire fighting methods: sand. Do not use water.

Packaging and

storage

Use tankers for shipping. Use tanks for storage within the plant, with an amount

of about 50t in storage.

Environmental

standards

The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in air within

workshop (2mg/m3)

The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in atmosphere

within residential areas (one-time value: 0.30mg/m3, daily average value

0.10mg/m3)

Table 7-5 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Sodium

Chlorate

Nature GB No. 51030

CAS No. 7775-09-9

Chinese

name ℃℃℃

English

name sodium chlorate

Other name ℃℃℃

Physical

and

chemica

Molecular

formula NaClO3

Appearan

ce and

character

Colorless odorless crystal, salty and

cool taste, deliquescence


～ 151

Nature GB No. 51030

Molecular

weight 106.45

Vapor

pressure Decomposition

Melting

point 248℃261℃ Solubility

Soluble in water, slightly soluble in

ethanol

Density Relative density (water

= 1) 2.49 Stability Stable

chemica

l

properti

es

Hazard label 11 (oxidant) Main

purpose

It can be used as oxidant, and in the

production of chlorate, herbicides,

pharmaceuticals, etc., and it can also

be used in metallurgical ore processing

Hazardo

us

characte

ristics

Hazardous characteristics: strong oxidant. In case of strong heat or contacting with strong

acids, explosion can occur. When it is mixing with reductants, organic materials, combustible

materials, such as sulfur, phosphorus or metal powder, an explosive mixture can forms. Rapid

heating can cause an explosion.

Combustion (decomposition) products: oxygen, chloride, sodium oxide.

Toxicity Acute toxicity: LD501200mg/kg (rat orally)

Health

hazards

Pathways: inhalation, ingestion, absorption through the skin.

Health hazards: its dust has an irritating effect on the respiratory tract, eye and skin. Acute

oral toxicity is manifested as methemoglobinemia, gastroenteritis, liver and kidney damage,

or even suffocation.

Acciden

tal

release

measure

s

Isolate the contaminated area, restrict access. It is recommended that the emergency

personnel shall wear self-contained breathing apparatus and normal working clothes. Do not

direct contact with the leakage, never make the leakage contact with organic matters,

reducing agents and flammable substances. Leakage in small amount: avoid air-borne dust,

and collect it in dry, clean, covered containers by using clean shovels. Leakage in large

amount: collect for recycling or sent to waste disposal sites for treatment

Protecti

ve

measure

s

Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its powder and dust, it is

recommended to wear self-absorption filter anti-dust respirators.

Eye protection: wear chemical safety glasses.

Body protection: wear polyethylene protective clothes.

Hand protection: wear rubber gloves.

Others: prohibit smoking, eating and drinking on the job site. Take a shower after work.

Maintain good health habits.

First aid

measure

s

Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water. Undergo

medical treatment.

Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. Maintain airway

patency. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If no breathing, begin artificial

respiration immediately. Undergo medical treatment.


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Nature GB No. 51030

Ingestion: drink enough warm water, induce vomiting. Undergo medical treatment.

Fire fighting methods: fight the blaze with plenty of water, and put out the fire with powder

extinguishing agent.

Packagi

ng and

storage

Plastic woven bag lined with plastic film, 50kg/bag. Adopt automobile transportation.

Warehouse shall be set up within the plant site for storage, and the storage capacity is 25t.

Environ

mental

standard

s

The former Soviet Union Maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in air

within workshop 5mg/m3

The former Soviet Union (1975) Maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in

water 20mg/L

Table 7-6 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Methanol

Nature GB No. 32058

CAS No. 67-56-1

Chinese

name ℃℃

English

name methyl alcohol℃Methanol

Other

name ℃℃℃

Molecular

formula CH4O℃CH3OH

Appearance

and

character

Colorless liquid with a pungent

odor

Molecular

weight 32.04

Vapor

pressure

13.33kPa/21.2℃ Flash

point:11℃

Melting

point

-97.8℃ Boiling

point:64.8℃ Solubility

Soluble in water, soluble in

most organic solvents, such as

alcohols, ethers, etc.

Density

Relative density

(water = 1) 0.79;

relative density (air

= 1) 1.11

Stability Stable

Physical and

chemical

properties

Hazard

markers

7 (flammable

liquids)

Main

purpose

It can be used in the

production of formaldehyde,

fragrance, dye, medicine,

gunpowder, antifreeze, etc.


～ 153

Nature GB No. 32058

Hazardous

characteristics

Flammable, its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture. In case of open fires

or high heat, combustion and explosion can occur. When it contacts with

oxidizers, chemical reaction or a fire can occur. In a fire, the heating containers

have a risk of explosion. Its vapor is heavier than air and can spread to a

considerable distance at lower position, and in case of open fires, a return to

burning can occur.

Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.

Toxicity

Toxicity: it has moderate toxicity.

Acute toxicity: LD505628 mg/kg (ingestion by rat); 15800mg/kg (rabbit via

skin); LC5082776mg/kg, 4 hours (inhalation by rat); 5 ~ 10ml ingestion by

person, the incubation period is 8℃36 hours, it can induce coma; 15ml ingestion

by person, retinitis occurs within 48 hours, blindness; 30 ~ 100ml ingestion by

person can result in serious damage to the central nervous system, respiratory

weakness, death.

Sub-acute and chronic toxicity: 50mg/m3

inhalation by rat, 12 hours / day, 3

months, the damage to trachea and bronchial mucosa, nutritional disorders of

cerebral cortical cells can be seen within 8℃10 weeks.

Mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: brewer's yeast 12pph. Inhibition of DNA:

human lymphocytes 300mmol / L.

Reproductive toxicity: ingestion by rat TDL0: 7500mg/kg (pregnant for 7℃19

days), it affects the behavior of newborn rats. Inhalation by rat TDL0 : 20000ppm

(7 hours), (pregnant for 1℃22 days), it can cause abnormal development of

musculoskeletal, cardiovascular system and urinary system.

Health

hazards

Health hazards: it has a narcotic effect on the central nervous system; it has a

special selective effect on optic nerve and retina, which caused disease; it can

cause metabolic acidosis.

Acute poisoning: Short-term over-inhalation can cause a mild irritating effect on

eyes and upper respiratory tract (oral intake causes gastrointestinal irritation);

following an incubation period, headache, dizziness, fatigue, dizziness, drunken

feeling, dim consciousness, delirium, and even coma occur. Optic nerve and

retinal disease occurs, blurred vision and double vision may occur, and even

blindness of severe cases. In case of metabolic acidosis, the reduction of carbon

dioxide combining power and the respiratory acceleration occur.

Chronic effects: neurasthenic syndrome, autonomic dysfunction, mucous

membrane irritation, vision loss, etc. Degreasing skin, dermatitis, etc.

Accidental

release

measures

The personnel in the contaminated area shall withdrawal rapidly to a safe area

isolate the contaminated area, and restrict access. Cut off the fire source. It is

recommended that the emergency personnel shall wear self-contained positive-

pressure breathing apparatus and antitoxic suits. Do not directly contact with the

leakage. Cut off the source of leakage as much as possible, and prevent the

access to sewers, flood discharge trench and other restrictive space. Leakage in

small amount: absorb it by sand or other non-combustible materials. It can also


～ 154

Nature GB No. 32058

be rinsed with plenty of water, and the washing water can be discharged into

waste water system after dilution. Leakage in large amount: control the leakage

by establishing cofferdam or digging pit; cover the leakage with foam to reduce

vapor disasters. Transfer the leakage into tankers or exclusive collectors by using

explosion-proof pumps. Recycle or transport the collection to waste disposal

sites for treatment.

Protective

measures

Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor, filter-type gas

masks (half-masks) should be worn. In case of emergency rescue or evacuation,

it is recommended to wear air breathing apparatus.

Eye protection: wear chemical safety glasses.

Body protection: wear anti-static working suits.

Hand protection: wear rubber gloves.

Others: prohibit smoking, eating and drinking on the job site. Take a shower

after work. Implement pre-employment and periodic medical examinations.

First aid

measures

Skin contact: remove contaminated clothing, wash the skin thoroughly with soap

and clean water.

Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water.

Undergo medical treatment.

Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. Maintain

airway patency. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If no breathing,

begin artificial respiration immediately. Undergo medical treatment.

Ingestion: drink enough warm water, induce vomiting, and administer gastric

lavage with clean water or 1% sodium thiosulfate solution. Undergo medical

treatment. Fire fighting methods: move containers from the fire site to a clear

area as far as possible. Spray water to keep the containers on the fire site cool

until the end of the fire fighting. If any container on the fire site turns color or the

pressure relief safety devices sound, personnel must evacuate immediately. Fire

extinguishing agent: alcohol type foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand.

Packaging and

storage

Use tankers for shipping, and use tanks for storage within the plant, with an

amount of about 10t in storage.

Environmental

standards

The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in air within

workshop (50mg/ m3)

The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in atmosphere

within residential areas (one-time value: 3.00mg/m3, daily average value

1.00mg/ m3)


～ 155

Table 7-7 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Methane

Nature GB No. 21007

CAS No. 74-82-8

Chinese

name ℃℃

English

name methane℃Marsh gas

Other

name ℃℃

Molecular

formula CH4

Appearance

and

character

Colorless, odorless gas

Molecular

weight 16.04

Vapor

pressure

53.32kPa/-168.8℃ Flash

point: -188℃

Melting

point

-182.5℃ Boiling

point:-161.5℃ Solubility

Slightly soluble in water,

soluble in alcohols, ether

Density

Relative density

(water = 1) 0.42 (-

164 ℃); relative

density (air = 1)

0.55

Stability Stable

Physical and

chemical

properties

Hazard

label

4 (flammable

liquid)

Main

purpose

It can be used as a fuel, and it

can be used in the production

of carbon black, hydrogen,

acetylene, formaldehyde, etc.

Hazardous

characteristics

Hazardous characteristics: flammable, when it is mixed with air, an explosive

mixture can be formed, and in case of heat source and open fires, the risks of

combustion and explosion occur. It reacts violently with bromine pentachloride,

chlorine, hypochlorite, nitrogen trifluoride, liquid oxygen, oxygen fluoride, and

other strong oxidants.

Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.

Toxicity

Toxicity: slightly toxic. Allow the gas to safely spread to the atmosphere or be

used as a fuel. It has a simple stifling effect; the suffocation caused by lack of

oxygen at high concentrations induces poisoning. When its concentration in air is

up to 25 ~ 30%, dizziness, rapid breathing and movement disorders occur.

Acute toxicity: inhalation by mouse 42% concentration× 60 minutes, it has a

anesthetic effect; inhalation by rabbit 42% concentration × 60 minutes, it has a

anesthetic effect.


～ 156

Nature GB No. 21007

Health

hazards

Pathways: inhalation.

Health hazards: methane is basically non-toxic to human, but when its

concentration is too high, it can significantly reduce the oxygen content in the air

and become suffocating. When the concentration of methane in air is up to 25% -

30%, it can cause headaches, dizziness, fatigue, inattention, rapid breathing and

heart rate, ataxia. If a person has not got out of the exposure promptly, it can

cause suffocation and death. Skin contact with liquid methane can cause

frostbite.

Accidental

release

measures

The personnel in the contaminated area shall withdrawal rapidly to the windward

of the area, isolate the contaminated area, and restrict access. Cut off the fire

source. It is recommended that the emergency personnel shall wear self-

contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and fire protective suits. Cut off

the source of leakage as much as possible. Reasonable ventilation shall be

conducted to accelerate proliferation. Spray water mist for dilution and solution.

Control and contain a lot of waste water by establishing cofferdam or digging

pit. If possible, the released gas shall be sent to an open area by using exhaust

fan or by burned by installing appropriate nozzle. The leaking container may also

be moved to an open area, and attentions shall be paid to ventilation. the leaking

container should be properly handled, repaired and tested before reuse.

Protective

measures

Respiratory protection: generally, it is not necessary to use special protection, but

it is suggested that under special circumstances, self-absorption filter respirators

(half-mask) shall be worn.

Eye protection: generally, it is not necessary to use special protection, but

protective glasses shall be worn in high concentration exposure.

Body protection: wear anti-static working suits.

Hand protection: wear protective gloves for general operations.

Others: prohibit smoking on the job site. Avoid long-term repeated exposure.

When the operations are needed to be conducted in tanks or other restrictive

space or space with high concentration, the operations must be supervised.

First aid

measures

Skin contact: in case of frostbite, undergo medical treatment.



begin artificial respiration immediately. Undergo medical treatment. Fire

fighting methods: cut off the gas supply. If the gas supply can not be cut off

immediately, it is not allowed to extinguish the burning gas. Spray water to cool

the containers, and if possible, move the containers from the fire site to an open

area. Fire extinguishing agent: water mist, foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder.

Packaging and

storage

The methane generate in the Project’s waste water treatment process shall be

collected in the gas container, and the maximum storage capacity is 140m3

Environmental

standards

The former Soviet Union The maximum allowable concentration of harmful

substance in air within workshop 300mg/m3


～ 157

Nature GB No. 21007

The U.S. The health standards of workplace Asphyxiating gases

Table 7-8 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Hydrogen

Peroxide

Nature GB No. 51001

CAS No. 7722-84-1

Chinese

name ℃℃℃℃

English

name hydrogen peroxide

Other

name ℃℃℃

Molecular

formula H2O2

Appearance

and

character

Colorless transparent

liquid, with faint

peculiar smell

Molecular

weight 43.01

Vapor

pressure 0.13kPa(15.3℃)

Melting

point

-2℃/ without water

Boiling point:158℃/

without water

Solubility

Soluble in water,

alcohols or ethers,

insoluble in benzene,

petroleum ether

Density Relative density (water

=1)1.46(without water) Stability Stable

Physical and

chemical

properties

Hazard

label

11(Oxidant)℃20(corrosive

material)

Main

purpose

It can be used in

bleaching or medicine,

it also can be used as

analytical reagent

Hazardous

characteristics

Hazardous characteristics: explosive and strong oxidant. Hydrogen peroxide

itself is non-combustible, but it can react with the combustible atmosphere and

emits large amounts of heat and gases that cause fire and explosion. Hydrogen

peroxide is the most stable at a pH value of 3.5℃4.5, it can easily decompose in

alkaline solution, in the case of strong light, especially short-wave rays, it also

can decompose. When it is heated to a temperature of above 100 ℃, it begins to

rapidly decompose. It can form explosive mixtures with many organic

compounds, such as sugar, starch, alcohols and petroleum products, and in case

of impact, heat or electrical sparks, an explosion can occur. When contacting

with a number of inorganic compounds or impurities, hydrogen peroxide can

decompose rapidly and cause an explosion, and then it can release a lot of heat,


～ 158

Nature GB No. 51001

oxygen and water vapor. Most heavy metals (such as copper, silver, lead,

mercury, zinc, cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese, etc.) and their oxides and

salts are active catalysts, and dust, cigarette ash, carbon powder, rust, and so on

can also accelerate its decomposition. In a sealed container with a suitable

ignition source or temperature, hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of more

than 74% will cause gas explosion.

Combustion (decomposition) products: oxygen and water.

Toxicity

Acute toxicity: LD504060mg/kg (rat via skin); LC502000mg/m3, 4 hours

(inhalation by rat)

Mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: Salmonella typhimurium 10µL/dish;

escherichia coli 5ppm. Sister chromatid exchange: hamster lung 353µmol/L.

Carcinogenicity: IARC carcinogenicity review: animal probable positive.

Health

hazards


Health hazard: inhalation of its vapor or mist has a strong irritating effect on

respiratory tract. Direct eye contact with its liquid can cause irreversible damage

or even blindness. Oral poisoning symptoms include abdominal pain, chest pain,

dyspnea, vomiting, and temporary motor and sensory disturbances, fever and so

on. It may cause visual impairment, epileptic seizures, or paresis in occasional

cases.

Accidental

release

measures

The personnel in the contaminated area shall withdrawal rapidly to a safe area

isolate the contaminated area, and restrict access. It is recommended that the

emergency personnel shall wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing

apparatus and acid and alkali resistant suits. Cut off the source of leakage as

much as possible, and prevent the leakage from accessing to sewers, flood

discharge trench and other restrictive spaces. Leakage in small amount: absorb it

by sand, vermiculite or other inert materials to absorb. It can also be rinsed with

plenty of water, and the washing water can be discharged into waste water

system after dilution. Leakage in large amount: control the leakage by

establishing cofferdam or digging pit; cool and dilute the steam by spraying

water mist, so as to and protect on-site personnel and dilute the leakage into non-

combustible material. Transfer the leakage into tankers or exclusive collectors by

using pumps, and recycle the collection or send it to waste disposal sites for

treatment.

Waste disposal methods: the waste liquid can decompose after diluted with

water, it can release oxygen, and the waste liquid can be discharged into the

sewer after through decomposition.

Protective

measures

Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor, self-absorption

filter respirators (full mask) should be worn.

Eye protection: it has been done in the Respiratory protection.

Body protection: wear polyethylene gas-protection suit.

Hand protection: wear neoprene gloves.

Others: prohibit smoking on the job site. Take a shower and change dresses after


～ 159

Nature GB No. 51001

work. Pay attentions to personal hygiene.

First aid

measures

Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing, and rinse with plenty of water.

Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water.





Ingestion: drink enough warm water, induce vomiting, and undergo medical

treatment. Fire fighting methods: firefighters must wear fireproof and gas-

protection overalls. Move containers from the fire site to a clear area as far as

possible. Spray water to keep the containers on the fire site cool until the end of

the fire fighting. If any container on the fire site turns color or the pressure relief

safety devices sound, personnel must evacuate immediately. Fire extinguishing

agent: water, water mist, dry powder, sandy soil.

Packaging and

storage

Use tankers for shipping, and use tanks for storage within the plant, with a

capacity of 50m3

Environmental

standards

The former Soviet Union (1975) The maximum allowable concentration of

harmful substance in ambient air of workplace 1.4mg/m3

Table 7-9 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Chlorine

Dioxide

Nature GB No. ----

CAS No. 10049-04-4

Chinese

name ℃℃℃℃

English

name Chlorine dioxide℃Chlorine oxide

Other

name

Molecular

formula ClO2

Appearance

and

character

Reddish-yellow gas with a

pungent odor, it can spread

on the ground, and it is

usually diluted a solution

with a concentration of

below 10% for use and

storage

Physical and

chemical

properties

Molecular

weight 67.45

Vapor

pressure 9.9℃/97.2kPa (explosion)


～ 160

Nature GB No. ----

Melting

point -59℃ Solubility Insoluble in water

Density

Relative density (water

=1)3.09(11℃)℃relative

density (air=1)2.3

Stability Unstable

Hazard

label

Main

purpose

Used as a bleaching agent,

deodorant, oxidant, etc.

Hazardous

characteristics

Hazardous characteristics: it is a powerful oxidizing agent. It can react

explosively with many chemical substances. It is very sensitive to heat,

vibration, shock and friction; and it can decompose easily and explode.

Combustion (decomposition) products: hydrogen chloride.

Toxicity No record

Health

hazards


Health hazards: it has a strong irritating effect. It mainly caused irritation to eyes

and the respiratory tract after contact. Chlorine dioxide inhaled in high

concentrations may cause pulmonary edema. It can result in death. Chlorine

dioxide gas in high concentrations that cause serious damage to the respiratory

tract may be irritating to the skin. Chlorine dioxide solution in high

concentrations contacted by the skin or ingested may cause intense irritation and

corrosion. Long-term exposure can cause chronic bronchitis.

Accidental

release

measures

The personnel in the contaminated area shall be evacuated to the windward side,

and the contaminated area shall be isolated till the gas has dissolved. Emergency

personnel shall wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and

chemical protecting suits. Cut off the fire source. Prevent the leakage from

contacting with combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.), cut off the gas

source, dilute the leakage by spraying water mist, and conduct ventilation by

extraction (indoor) or strong ventilation (outdoor). The leaking containers can

not be reused, and the remaining gas shall be removed through technical

processing.

Protective

measures

Respiratory protection: in case of relatively high concentration in the air,

protective masks should be worn. In case of emergency rescue or evacuation, it

is recommended to wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus.

Eye protection: wear chemical safety protection glasses.

Body protection: wear anti-corrosion working suits.

Hand protection: when it is possible to contact with the poison, anti-chemical

gloves shall be worn.

Others: prohibit smoking on the job site. Take a shower after work. Maintain

good health habits.


～ 161

Nature GB No. ----

First aid

measures

Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing, and rinse with plenty of water for

at least 15 minutes. Undergo medical treatment.

Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water

for at least 15 minutes. Undergo medical treatment.




Ingestion: if swallow, have a gargle with water, and drink milk or egg white.


Fire fighting methods: cut off the gas source. Spray water to keep the containers

on the fire site cool.If possible, move the on-site containers to an open area.

Packaging and

storage

After the project’s self-produced chlorine dioxide for its own use has been

adsorbed in water, the solution shall be kept in tanks for temporary storage, and

the storage capacity is 10m3

Environmental

standards

The U.S. Health standards of workshop 0.3mg/m3

The former Soviet Union (1975) The maximum allowable concentration of

harmful organic matters in water in 0.4mg / L

The sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol and hydrogen peroxide used by this

project and the methane and chlorine dioxide generated in production processes are

toxic, flammable and strong oxidizing, they may adversely affect the surrounding

environment and the personnel in accidents; therefore, taking the risks and reserves of

all the substance of this project together, methanol solution can be determined as the

assessment factor of material leakage of this project, and the main risk types are fire,

explosion and poisoning;

7.2.3 Risk Type

The project’s processes with the occurrence of accidental risk include the

transportation, storage, production and use processes of hazardous chemicals, and the

risk types can be identified as follows:

A. Loading and unloading process and transportation process

The sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol and hydrogen peroxide used in the

Project’s production are mainly provided by land transport, and thy are transported by

special vehicles for the transportation of raw materials. The main risk factors existing

In the course of transportation, loading and unloading are:

1. Traffic accidents (such as collision, rollover, etc.) can result in the leakage

of raw materials, the poisoning of driver and those people standing round the crashed

vehicles, as well the pollution of the surrounding water body, thus serious

environmental damage and casualties can occur.


～ 162

2. In the loading and unloading, staff’s mishandling can result in the leakage

of materials, thus the concentration of toxic and hazardous substances in the

surrounding area can exceed the threshold limit and cause staff poisoning.

B. Storage and production processes

The dangerous articles used in the production of this Project, including sulfuric acid,

methanol and hydrogen peroxide are mainly stored in tinplate cans. The risk factors in

storage and production processes are:

1. Methanol liquid is highly volatile, although no fire or explosion shall

occur within a short time, due to the extremely high solubility of methanol vapor in

water, it can quickly distributed in human body and cause damage after absorption,

the visual impairment can rapidly develop into blindness, and severe cases may have

bradycardia, convulsions, shock and other symptoms.

2. Methanol catches fire soon, and due to the high temperature and the strong

fire, it can not be extinguished easily, and once it is burning, people and plant

equipments is likely to be burned and destroyed in fire.

3 If methanol leaking in large amount can not be timely controlled, methanol

gas can become explosive when mixed with air, and in case of open fires, electrostatic

sparks or sparks caused by collision, serious explosion may occur when the explosive

limit of the mixture is reached.

7.3 Analysis of Source Terms and Calculation of Consequences

7.3.1 Chemical Accidents

According to the "National Chemical Accident Casebook" edited by the Institute of

Scientific and Technical Information of the former Ministry of Chemical Industry,

this assessment has gathered the information of accidents occurred in China in 1949-

1982, and the results are as follows:

There are 13,440 cases of accident, including 17 types of accidents, namely object

striking, fire, physical explosion, chemical explosion, poisoning and suffocation, as

well as other injuries; the causes of accident include 19 kinds, namely protective

equipment defects, violations of operating rules, design flaws, safety device defects

and others; among 13,440 cases of accident in statistics, there are 261 cases of fire

(1.94%), 1056 cases of explosion (7.86%), 505 cases of poisoning and suffocation

(3.76%), 828 cases of injury produced by fire and heat (6.16%); classified by causes

of the accidents, there are 6165 cases of violations of operating rules (45.87%), 1076

cases of equipment defects (8.00%), 651 cases of personal protective defects (4.84%),

784 cases of lack of protective devices (5.83%), 138 cases of protective equipment

defects (1.03%), 40 cases of lack of safety devices (0.29%), as well as 57 cases of

safety device defects (0.42%). From the perspective of causes of accidents, violation

of operating rules is the main cause of accidents.

According to another survey, among the recorded chemical accidents occurred in 95

countries worldwide in 20 - 25 years before 1987, the liquid chemical accidents have

accounted for 47.8%, the liquefied gas accidents have accounted for 27.6%, the gas

accidents have accounted for 18.8%, and the solid accidents have accounted for 8.2

%; classified by sources of the accidents, the process accidents have accounted for

33.0%, the accidents occurred in storage process have accounted for 23.1%, the

accident occurred in transportation process have accounted for 34.2%; from the


～ 163

perspective of causes of accidents, the accidents caused by mechanical failure have

accounted for 34.2%, and the accidents caused by human factors have accounted for

22.8%. From the perspective of the development trend, with increasing technological

sophistication concerning disaster prevention since the 1990s, the frequency of the

occurrence of disastrous accident with great influence has decreased.

7.3.2 Analysis of Risk Factors of Accident

Most of the raw and auxiliary materials used in this project are flammable substance,

so risks concerning fire, explosion and material leakage accidents exist in the

production process.

In addition, in case of the leakage of hazardous chemicals used in the production of

this project, a series of accidents resulting in personal danger and hazard and property

damage shall occur. If the leaking flammable gas or liquid is contacting with a certain

energy source or fire source, fire and explosion will occur; it the leaking corrosive

materials is splashing accidentally to the body of any employee, chemical burns will

occur; if the leaking toxic material is ingested by any employee, acute poisoning or

occupational disease will occur. Therefore, staff shall always on their guard

against the leakage of materials in the production process. The following parts are

inclined to leak in production.

1. Pipeline

All of the pipelines used in the delivery of materials are likely to leak. Partial leakage

of the pipelines may be caused by pipeline material defects, mechanical damage, a

variety of corrosion, weld cracks or defects, external damage, construction defects, as

well as special factors.

2. Pumps and valves

Leakage may be caused by pump housing and shaft seal defects, defects of discharge

valve and lubrication system, poor sealing or packing defects of valves and flanges of

piping system, normal corrosion, as well as faults in operation.

3. Connections of instrument and meter and device seals

Leakage may be caused by the quality defects and the defects of flange seals,

propeller shaft stuffing box and other connections of the flow meter, thermometer and

other instruments and meters used in the production process.

4. Accessories and safety devices

The bursts in unreliable accessories and safety devices may lead to leakage. Leakage

may be caused by the overpressure rupture induced by safety valve failures.

5. Production equipment

The quality defects, the lacking of compression resistance and the extended use of the

equipments can result in the corrosion of equipments used in the production process,

and the through corrosion of equipments may lead to the leakage, combustion and

explosion of flammable materials.

6. Venting and overflow

Due to the operating system failure or the fault and misjudgment in operation,

materials may overflow the tankers of the production and storage devices.


～ 164

7. Packaging materials

If the packaging materials of the hazardous materials have quality defects or are put

into extended use, or the handling and carrying fail to comply with relevant provisions

and the packages fail to be packed and unloaded gently, and the throwing, hitting,

striking, dragging, tilting and rolling of packages can not be avoided, the packaging

materials may be damaged and the inner materials will leak.

In addition, in case of a certain energy source or fire source, a large amount of

flammable liquids used in the production process of this project will burn and

explode, so fire source should be strictly controlled within the production area.

7.3.3 Maximum confident accident

From the above assessment of accident hazard unit, it can be seen that the accident

risks of the project mainly consist of fire, explosion and hazardous materials leakage,

and the analysis of this project has focused on the diastral accident caused by the

rupture of methanol tank.

7.3.4 Analysis of impact of accidental leakage

Due to accidental causes, accidents caused by chemical spills may occur. According

to "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment on Projects" (HJ/T169-

2004), the leak rate of liquid can be calculated based on the Bernoulli equation, and

the formula is as follows:

Q=CdAρ1 (8.6-1)

Where: QL——leak rate of liquid, kg / s;

Cd——coefficient of liquid leakage, the value range is 0.6~0.64 usually, with a value of 0.6;

A——area of fracture, m2, with a value of 3.14cm

2.

ρ1——liquid density (kg·m-3

), the density of methanol is 792kg/m3;

P——media pressure within container, Pa;

Pa——ambient pressure, Pa, with a value of P = Pa;

g——gravity acceleration, with a value of g=9.8m/s2;

h——the height of liquid above the fracture, m, with a value of 1.0m.

In this project, the maximum storage capacity of methanol storage tank of is 7t,

assuming that the rupture of tank’s valve or pipe is caused by aging, and when the

area of fracture is 0.000785m2, the leak rate of methanol is about 0.381kg/s;

ghPP a 2

2

1

1 +−ρ


～ 165

7.3.5 Prediction of Consequences of the Accident

7.3.5.1 Impact assessment of environmental damage

1. Volatilization of methanol

The volatilization of leaking methanol shall be calculated in accordance with the

formula of the volatilization of hazardous substances in open storage, and the formula

can be seen as follow:

MFPVG H ••+= )1.438.5(

Where: G――the volatilization of hazardous substances, g / h;

V――indoor wind speed, m / s; with a value of 2.4 m / s

F――open area, m2; with a value of 10 m

2.

PH――saturated vapor pressure, mmHg;

M――molecular weight of hazardous substances, with a value of 32.

BT

APH +

−=

05223.0

T――absolute temperature of harmful substances K;

A ℃B――constants, A, B values of a variety of substances can be obtained from the common

physical manuals. A value of methanol is 38324, B value is 8.802.

Based on the above formula, when the average wind speed is 1.8m/s, in case of

methanol leakage, the volatilization of the leakage in the air shall be: 28224 g/h, and

7.84 g/s on average.

2. Forecasting model

Towards the leakage within a short time, the multi-puff model can be used for

forecasting. The time of this project’s emissions of toxic substances can be predicted

as 30 minutes.

3. Results of accident risk prediction

Under stability of Class D, the results of accident emission assessment are shown in

Table 7-10.

Table 7-10 Results of Accident Emission Assessment under Stability of Class D

Assessment

content

Emissions of

substances

Prediction

time

Maximum

concentration

(mg/m3)

Distance from

the maximum

concentration

(m)

Distance from exceeded

concentration downwind

(allowable concentration

in residential areas) (m)

The 5th

minute 1722.94 8.0 245 Methanol

The 10th

minute 1722.94 8.0 310


～ 166

Assessment

content

Emissions of

substances

Prediction

time

Maximum

concentration

(mg/m3)

Distance from

the maximum

concentration

(m)

Distance from exceeded

concentration downwind

(allowable concentration

in residential areas) (m)

The 15th

minute 1722.94 8.0 310

The 20th

minute 1722.94 8.0 310

The 25th

minute 1722.94 8.0 310

The 30th

minute 1722.94 8.0 310

From the above Table, it can be seen that after the volatilization and spread of the

leaking methanol, the maximum ground concentration downwind is 1722.9mg/m3,

which is lower than the LC50, and the unattained area is an area downwind with a

radius of 310m.

7.4 Prevention and Emergency Measures for Environmental Risk

China always persist in the policy of "precaution crucial, safety first" in safety

production, thus the priority will be given to prevention. The implementation of

effective risk prevention will reduce the probability of accidents, minimize the

possible damage caused by accidents, and reduce the impact of unexpected accidents

on air, water environment and ecological environment. Strict environmental safety

management shall be implemented in daily management; meanwhile thorough

emergency response strategy to accidents shall be developed, so as to conduct rapid

response, orderly evacuation of personnel and emergency monitoring and rescue in

the event of accidents.

7.4.1 Preventive Measures concerning General Layout and Building Design

In general layout and building design, relevant preventive measures should be

implemented: the seismic protection of buildings should be carried out based on 7

degrees; the fire protection rating of building should be not less than Grade II; watery

plant species shall be adopted in the afforestation of plant-site. Green hedges or dense

bush should not be planted around production facilities and roads (especially the

space between fire lanes), the afforestation of plant-site should not obstruct ire-

fighting operations; the spacing between buildings within each partition and the

spacing between each partition should be identified in accordance with relevant fire

prevention and fire-fighting requirements; a safe distance between the raw/auxiliary

materials warehouse and workshop, office, transformer substation should be set up, so

as to meet the standards required in the "Code for fire protection design of buildings"

GBJ16-87's.


～ 167

7.4.2 Risk Prevention Countermeasures and Measures inTtransit

Since the carriage of dangerous goods shall be undertaken by qualified institutions, so

the transporters should be careful and cautious in transit, so as to ensure safety. To

this end, attentions should be paid to the following problems:

1. excellent chemical-specific tankers with safety performance should be

adopted for transportation, necessary protective equipments and fire-fighting

equipments shall be equipped on the tankers at the same time, so as to prevent

accidents; transportation routes and transportation time should be planned in a rational

manner. Densely populated areas and residential areas shall be avoided; meanwhile,

the tanker driver shall receive rigorous training and obtain certification.

2. The loading and shipment of dangerous goods should be carried out by

fixed vehicles and fixed personnel. Fixed vehicles means that the vehicles used for the

carriage of dangerous goods should be relatively fixed, and each vehicle should be

used specially. All containers of hazardous substances, including tank trucks, shall not

be used to contain the other articles, especially foods. The vehicles must be special

purpose vehicles, and in case of emergency task of vehicle shortage, no motor-bicycle

or motor-tricycle shall be used in the transportation of dangerous goods. Fixed

personnel means that the personnel who are responsible for the management, driving,

escorting in transportation and loading and unloading shall be fixed, thus it can be

ensured that the transportation of dangerous goods always conducted by the

professionals, and from the perspective of personnel, the safety of the dangerous

goods in transit can be safeguard .

3. The dangerous goods in transit must be labeled prominently on its

packaging in accordance with the "Labels for packages of dangerous goods" (GB190-

90), and the labels on the packages should stick firmly and correctly. Towards a

chemical with flammable, toxic and other hazardous properties, appropriate labels

should be pasted on the packages according to its different risk characteristics, so that

if any problem occurs, a variety of protection can be carried out.

4. If any accident occurs during the transportation of dangerous goods,

emergency treatment shall be taken; meanwhile, the accident shall be reported

promptly to relevant departments, such as public security organs and environmental

protection departments, and the public should be evacuated, so as to prevent further

expansion of the accident, and active assistance should be offered to the personnel

responsible for public security, transportation and fire fighting, so as to rescue the

injured people and the materials in danger and reduce the losses to a minimum.

5. The vehicle drivers and cargo attendant responsible for the transportation

of toxic and corrosive goods personnel must check whether or not the anti-poison and

protective articles are complete and effective before starting, measures to deal with

the leaks in transit should be taken actively, so as to prevent further expansion of the

leakage, and after the source of leakage is cut off, the situation should be reported

timely to relevant departments and local public security organs, if the situation can not

be handled, it should be reported immediately to local public security organs and

relevant departments, so as to ask for support.

7.4.3 Risk Prevention Measures in Operation Process

The "Prohibition on Production Safety" issued by the Ministry of Chemical Industry

(41 articles of the Prohibition) should be strictly implemented in the production


～ 168

process. The pipelines used in production and pipeline transportation must be intact,

with tight connections and without leaks, the remnants and plugs inside the pipelines

should be removed periodically, material source and power supply must be cut off

when examine and repair, and the operations should be supervised by special

personnel. In production operations, the safety management must be strengthened and

the accident prevention measures must be improved. Sudden pollution accidents,

especially major accidents caused by toxic chemicals, will result in serious harm to

life and health of on-site personnel; besides, huge economic losses will also be caused

directly or indirectly, and actors leading to social instability will be induce;

meanwhile, serious damage to ecological environment can also be caused. Therefore,

the prevention of sudden environmental pollution accident and the improvement of

emergency treatment and handling capacities towards sudden pollution accidents have

great significance to enterprises. It is recommended to conduct the following aspects

well:

1. The engineering designs and construction should be checked strictly;

Engineering designs include the process design and the general layout design. Only

rational design can improve the working conditions and eliminate the hidden danger

of major accidents fundamentally. Close attentions should be paid to the quality of

construction, the equipment arrangements and the quality of commissioning, and the

final acceptance after completion should go through rigorous reviews.

In the process design, towards the extremely dangerous operations and the operations

with serious toxicity and harm, automatic operation and mechanized operation or

remote sensing operation should be adopted, and attentions should be paid to the

shields. The selection of equipments should be consistent with the requirements of the

"General rules for designing the production facilities in accordance with safety and

health requirements", and attentions should be paid to the treatment of occupational

hazards and the associated safety equipments.

Rational functional partitioning should be noticed in the general layout design,

protective belt and green belt must exist, and the safety regulations should be

implemented strictly.

Focused on the characteristics of this project, it is recommended in this assessment

that the following safety precautions should be considered in the future design,

construction and operation stages, so as to avoid accidents.

2. In the design, national and industrial regulations and standards concerning

occupational safety and health should be strictly implemented;

3. The layout of equipments within factory buildings should strictly comply

with national norms and regulations concerning fire and explosion prevention,

sufficient safe distance should be maintained between equipments, and fire fighting

access should be designed according to the requirements;

4. Advanced technologies and safe and reliable equipments should be

adopted as much as possible, and necessary safety and health facilities shall be set up

in workshops according to relevant national regulations;

5. The equipments, pipes, pipe fittings shall adopt reliable sealing

technologies, so as to ensure the storage and reaction processes are carried out in a

sealed situation and prevent the leakage of materials;


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6. Dangerous zones should be identified according to the specifications

concerning zone classification. The electrical equipments installed in dangerous zones

should adopt corresponding explosion-proof levels in accordance with the appropriate

zone level, and all the electrical equipments shall be grounded;

7. Fire hotlines should be set up in the central control room and the duty

room, so as to avoid the block of communication in emergency situations;

8. Accident cabinets, first aid equipments, life-saving appliances, protective

masks, goggles, rubber gloves, earplugs and other protective and emergency

equipments and supplies should be equipped at production positions;

9. Towards the devices prone to toxic pollution, first-aid washing

equipments, eye washers, safety shower heads and other facilities should be equipped.

7.4.4 Risk Prevention Measures in Storage Process

1. The layout of the main plant site should be open, the ventilation should be

strengthened, the quality of various process equipments (valves, flanges, pumps, etc.)

and pipes should be checked strictly before selection and purchase, and the

examination, repair and maintenance should be strengthened, the occurrence of all

kinds of leaking problems should be prohibited, anti-corrosion and explosion-proof

electrical equipments shall be selected for use, the materials which insulate well

should be used, so as to prevent electric sparks, and ground contact should be

ensured, so as to prevent static electricity.

2. Preparations in advance should be done well before loading and unloading

hazardous chemicals, the nature of goods should be understood, the tools used for

carrying should be checked, and the weak ones should be replaced or repaired. If the

tools have been contaminated by any flammable substance, organic matter, acid and

alkali, they must be cleaned before use.

3. The operators should wear appropriate protective equipments. Protective

equipments include working clothes, rubber apron, rubber sleeve covers, rubber

gloves, long rubber boots, gas masks, respirator masks, gauze mask, gauze face masks

and goggles and so on. Special personnel should check whether or not the equipments

and the dresses are appropriate before operation. Operation should be cleaned or

disinfected, placed in special bins in custody.

4. When dangerous chemicals are spilling on the ground or the car boards,

they should be removed promptly, and towards flammable and explosive materials,

they should be removed by soft materials soaked in water.

5. When loading and unloading dangerous chemicals, no drinking or smoking

shall be allowed. After the completion of works, hands, face and mouth should be

cleaned or a shower should be taken according to the situation of works and the nature

of dangerous goods. On-site air circulation must be maintained, if nausea, dizziness

and other toxic manifestations occur, the personnel shall go to areas with fresh air and

have a rest immediately, take off working clothes and protective equipments, clean

the contaminated part of the skin, and severe cases should be sent to hospitals for

medical treatment.


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6. Explosion-proof or closed security lighting should be used in operations

during nighttime. In case of rain, snow and frozen condition, anti-slip measures

should be taken in operations.

7. Clean water and alkali (such as lime, sodium carbonate, etc.) shall be

provided in the field, so as to prepare for first aid applications.

8. Human contact with packaging materials should be minimizes, and after

the completion of work, hands, face, body should be washed with soap and water

before eating and drinking. The used protective equipments and tools shall be

carefully washed.

9. The emergency acid pumps and emergency pools shall be set up near in

the storage tank area, and lime, sand and other emergency supplies shall be prepared.

7.4.5 Management System of Hazardous Chemicals

1. Purpose: enable the storage, storage and handling of dangerous goods,

chemicals and materials to be carried out in an orderly manner, so as to maintain

quality and ensure safety.

2. Range: All kinds of hazardous chemicals (sulfuric acid, methanol, etc.);

3. Storage area and the environment: storage conditions should be dark yard

with features of ventilation and damp proof; Room temperature in the inner condition

of warehouse shall be (5 ~ 35 , relative humidity 45% -85%) appropriate.

4. Storage requirements: fire, water proof, pressure proof; fixed point, fixed

location, quantity, first-in, first-out (FIFO); items shall be placed on a shelf or card-

board for isolation, so as to prevent bucket from rusting. Electric source shall not be

allowed within the warehouse of dangerous goods, and It is prohibited to carry

kindling into the warehouse of dangerous goods. The hazardous chemicals with

conflicting chemical properties and fire fighting methods shall not be placed in the

same warehouse EJX; stored in the same storage room.

5. Discarded dangerous chemicals: hazardous chemicals after use drums,

plastic bags, bottles must be strictly controlled, to a unified registration recovery from

raw material supplier to recycling; for the scrap of flammable and explosive materials,

applications must be proposed in advance, well-developed safety and safeguard

measures should be prepared, and the treatment shall be carried out only after the

approval by the safety departments. The management of metal recycling should be

strengthened, in case of the metal containers containing hazardous substances, an area

dedicated for storage should be set up in the plant site, and the containers should be

recycled and utilized by the raw material suppliers.

6. Safety measures: Towards the storage of hazardous chemicals, the

principle of "Three Far Away from, One Prohibited" must be followed, i.e., be far

away from fire source, water source and electric source, and mixed pile should be

prohibited. Hazardous chemicals, flammable and explosive materials should be sent to

the designated areas, and special personnel shall be responsible for the keeping. For

the safety of fire-fighting facilities, the fire-fighting facilities shall be equipped

according to the standards promulgated by the fire departments, monthly checks

should be conducted regularly, so as to ensure that their functions are effective. The

personnel, who have strong sense of responsibility, receive specially trained and are

familiar with the nature of dangerous goods and safety management knowledge,


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should be selected as the keepers of the dangerous goods warehouse, and they should

take over the protective equipments and utensils equipped in the vicinity of dangerous

goods.

7.4.6Emergency Measures for Accidents

1. Sulfuric acid leakage

(a) Sulfuric acid leakage: the personnel in the contaminated area shall

withdrawal rapidly to a safe area isolate the contaminated area, and restrict

access. It is recommended that the emergency personnel shall wear

positive-pressure breathing apparatus and acid suits, do not directly contact

with the leakage, and cut off the source of leakage as much as possible.

Leakage in small amount: it can be mixed with sand, dry lime or soda ash,

it can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and it can be sent into the

production waste water collection tank after diluted with water and be

returned back for production. Leakage in large amount: transfer the

leakage into accident pools by using pumps for temporary storage, and the

nit can be used in production or discharged after alkali addition for

neutralization and treatment.

(b) Fire protection: when a fire broke out in the places with sulfuric acid,

water mist, foam, CO2 and dry powder is preferred in fire fighting, and

protective clothes should be worn in fire fighting.

(c) First aid: take off sulfuric acid stained clothes immediately, wash the

contaminated skin with water. Towards severe burns, the patient should be

in a supine position, the whole body should be kept warm, heat, and the

wound can not be coated with ointment drugs without the doctors’

allowance. Sulfuric acid splashed into the eyes must be flushed with water

for more than 15min, and then put 2-3 drops of 0.5% lidocaine or other

local anesthetics into the eyes. In case of concentrated sulfuric acid in

mouth by mistake, do not induce vomiting, nothing shall be put into the

mouth of the patient with coma, the patient’s mouth should be rinsed out

with a lot of water after the patient is waking up, and then drink the milk

mixed with proteins, severe cases should be sent to hospitals for medical

treatment.

2. Methanol leakage

(a) In the event of leakage in large amount, cut off relevant valves as soon as

possible, find out the leaking points, find ways to make the leak stops, and

report the accidents to workshops and safety and environmental protection

departments in a timely manner.

(b) If the leakage of methanol has been on fire, in case of small fire in the

beginning without wide spread, the leaking points should be cut off

rapidly, the evacuation of personnel should be organized as soon as

possible, and dial 119 by the telephone of the plant, so as to contact the

fire protection and air defense departments and other departments for fire

fighting on the scene.


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(c) In case of methanol leakage in large amount without immediate fire, the

situation is more dangerous, the personnel should be calm and composed,

wear protective clothing according to requirements (anti-static suits), and

decisively close all the valves connected with the outside. Immediately

stop the ongoing welding and cutting operation and high altitude operation

around the site, and the evacuation of personnel from the scene should be

organized. The roads should be blocked, and the leakage of methanol

should be flashed with plenty of water.

4. In the event of fire and explosion accident, the alarm should be sounded

promptly; the disposal and the division of labor should be orderly and clear.

5. The fire brigade should rush to the scene at the first time and spray water

and cool the tanks on fire, and if necessary, the foam tanks for fire fighting should be

opened, so as to put out the open fire in methanol tanks. Keep in touch with the

resident professional fire fighting team any time for on-site fire fighting, the roads

within the plant site should be controlled, and vehicles and personnel should be

evacuated.

6. The production department (control room) should be responsible for the

contact concerning production when dealing with the accident, the sections without

the occurrence of accident shall be shut down according to its command, and it should

ensure the water supply and steam supply on the scene and contact relevant

departments for the power cut-off and power supply in the accident area.

7. The Safety and Environmental Protection Department should be

responsible for the coordination of rescue works and the collection of source materials

concerning accidents, it should analyze accident conditions and the possibility of

expansion timely, and it should conduct the information notification well, thus the

emergency rescues work cab be carried out quickly and orderly.

7.5 Emergency Rescue Plan for Accidents

7.5.1 The Purpose of Developing the Environmental Emergency Plan

The CPC Central Committee and the State Council's instructions should be

implemented conscientiously, great importance should be attached to the prevention

and treatment of pollution accidents, the hidden danger of pollution accidents should

be eliminated, environmental monitoring and supervision should be strengthened,

environmental safety should be guaranteed, and the public environmental interests

should be maintained.

7.5.2 The Scope of Application of this Emergency Plan

This emergency plan is only applicable to this project and its corresponding transport

routes.

7.5.3 The Basis of the Development of this Emergency Plan

1. HJ/T169-2004 "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment

on Projects";

2. "Urgent Circular concerning the Further Strengthening of Environmental

Supervision and Management and the Prevention of Pollution Accidents" issued by

the State Environmental Protection Administration [2005] No. 130;


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3. "Circular concerning the Strengthening of Environmental Impact

Assessment Management and the Prevention of Environmental Risk" issued by the

State Environmental Protection Administration [2005] No. 152.

7.5.4 Emergency Rescue Organization

In order to set up an "emergency rescue organization for major accidents", Yueyang

Paper Co. Ltd. Has established a chief commanding team for the emergency rescue

organization.

The management organization members of the emergency rescue organization are as

follows:

Commander-in-chief: there is 1 person, and it is undertaken by the General Manager

of Yueyang Paper Co. Ltd., who has an independent legal personality;

Deputy Commanders-in-chief: it has 2 members, and the posts are undertaken by the

Deputy General Managers of Yueyang Paper Co. Ltd.;

Leading members of the commanding team: it has 5 persons, and the posts are

undertaken by the responsible persons of the General Manager Administrative Office,

the Production Techniques and Technology Development Department, the Finance

Department, the Marketing Department, the Quality Control Department and other

departments;

Headquarters: it is set up in the General Manager Administrative Office, and the

General Manager Administrative Office should also be responsible for its daily work.

7.5.5 Duties and Tasks of Emergency Rescue Organization

The duties and tasks of "emergency rescue organization for major accidents" and each

department are as follows:

1. Chief commanding team

It is responsible for the development and revision of "emergency plan";

It is responsible for the establishment and organization of emergency rescue teams, as

well as the organization of implementation and training;

It is responsible for the implementation of preventive measures for major sudden

environmental accidents and the preparatory work of emergency rescue through

inspection and supervision;

It is responsible for organizing and directing the rescue teams to implement rescue

operations;

It is responsible for sound the alarm and the all clear concerning the emergency rescue

command signal;

It is responsible for reporting the pollution accidents to the government departments at

higher levels or informing the surrounding people or institutions of the pollution

accidents, and if necessary, assistance shall be requested.

It is responsible for the organization of accident investigation and the summary of

lessons learned from the emergency rescue work.


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2. Commanders

Commander-in-chief: the person is responsible for the organization and command of

emergency rescue work, and in case of the Commander-in-chief's absence, a Deputy

Commander should be designated by the Commander-in-chief.

Deputy Commander: the person is responsible for assisting the work of the

Commander-in-chief.

3. General Manager Administrative Office

It is responsible for the daily work of the management of the emergency rescue

organization, and in case of the occurrence of risk accidents, it shall be responsible for

thesecurity, the control of roads, the maintenance of on-site order and the on-site

traffic guidance.

4. Quality Control Department

It should monitor the environment on the scene of an accident and within the region

with the spreading of harmful substances and promptly report the monitoring results

to the headquarters. It should assist the Commander-in-chief to do the disposed of

accident on the scene and within the region with the spreading of harmful substances,

as well as the information notification.

5. Production Techniques and Technology Development Department

It is responsible for the start and shutdown of the production system; the

communications on the scene of an accident.

6. Transportation and Marketing Department

It is responsible for the rush inspection and rush repair of equipments or the

installation of equipments, the guarantee of power supply, the rush inspection, rush

repair and guarantee of electrical appliances, and it is responsible for the supply and

transportation of emergency aid materials, and is should ensure that the relief

materials are in place.

7.5.6 Preventive Focus of the Emergency Plan for Sudden Environmental Accidents

The key preventive objectives of the emergency plan for sudden environmental

accidents are: the methanol storage tank area, the sulfuric acid storage tank area, the

sites for storage and use that constitute hazardous sources, a well as the whole process

of the transportation of hazardous chemicals.

7.5.7 The Reporting System of Sudden Environmental Accidents

The common accidents observed should be reported immediately to the on-duty

production dispatcher, the on-duty dispatcher must organize the personnel to conduct

the rescue, and within 24 hours afterwards, the on-duty dispatcher should analyze and

report the reasons to the leadership at the next higher level.

When any major pollution event occurs in the enterprise, it should be reported to the

Commander-in-chief immediately, and the reporting of the serious and major

pollution incidents should be carried out in a timely manner. The reporting of

environmental pollution accidents should be implemented in accordance with the

regulations of the "Interim Procedures for the Reporting of Accidents that Causing


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Environmental Pollution and Damage" issued by the State Environmental Protection

Administration, and the accidents should be promptly reported to the local people's

government. The leader of the emergency rescue organization for major accidents

should firstly reported to the local environmental protection department (Yueyang

Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau), and then the local environmental

protection department should report the situation of the pollution to the Hunan

Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau in accordance with prescribed

procedures and keep reporting the progress of the investigation and handling.

7.5.8 Disposal of Sudden Environmental Accidents

1. The disposal of pollutant in the device unit: When a leakage occurs in any

post (section) of the device unit, the feeding of materials should be stopped timely,

and the reasons should be identified immediately for troubleshooting. Towards the

leakage caused by the damage to the equipments, the leakage should be blocked

immediately, and reasonable ventilation should be conducted, so as to accelerate the

dissipation. In case of the situation that may be beyond the control, the accident

should be promptly reported to the on-duty dispatcher, and the emergency plan should

be implemented immediately, the emergency team should be organized for the

emergency response, and the irrelevant personnel should be evacuated.

2. The disposal of leakage in the methanol storage tank area: the personnel in

the contaminated area shall withdrawal rapidly to the area upwind, isolate the

contaminated area immediately, and the scope of the isolation area should be

identified according to the test results of the scene and the potential hazards, and the

access should be strictly limited. In general, the initial isolation radius for the leakage

in small amount shall be 150m, and the initial isolation radius for the leakage in large

amount shall be 450m. The emergency personnel shall wear self-contained positive-

pressure breathing apparatus and gas-protection suits. Cut off the source of leakage as

much as possible. All combustible and flammable materials on the scene of the

leakage should be removed or eliminated, and all the tools used shall not be contained

by oil, so as to the explosive accident. Prevent the leaked methanol from entering into

the sewer. Reasonable ventilation should be carried out, so as to accelerate the

dissipation. Control and contain a lot of waste water by establishing cofferdam or

digging pit.

3. The disposal of a pollution accident caused by the leakage from sulfuric

acid tanks: in case of the sulfuric acid leakage in small amount, close the valve and

adsorb the leakage by sand; in case of leakage in large amount, induce the leakage

into the emergency pool for collection, and then recycle or use after collection or

neutralize and treat by adding alkali.

4. Towards the pollutants generated by accidents, in addition to the above

disposal methods, appropriate measures also should be taken according to the

development of accidents, so as to reduce accidents to a minimum.

7.5.9 Emergency Environmental Monitoring and News Release in Accident

Contaminated Area

The Quality Control Department should coordinate with the local public security

organs, fire department, local environmental monitoring institutions and other

institutions, so as to rapidly carry out on-site investigation, identify the time, place,

reasons, the types of pollutants and the nature of the accident or incident, and the


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emergency environmental monitoring and pollution tracking in the accident

contaminated area should be conducted in a timely manner, and the scope of the

contaminated area and its impact should be assessed, so as to provide the decision-

making basis for the command departments.

According to on-site pollution monitoring data and field investigations, the

emergency environmental monitoring of accidents should recommend the local

government to establish the pollution warning area, and the local Environmental

Protection Bureau should report to relevant departments in a timely manner, so as to

make the decision on whether or not issuing an alert. Meanwhile, the information

concerning relevant emergencies should be issued by the local news media in the

region that handles the accidents according to the specifications of the "Scope of State

Secrets concerning Environmental Protection" issued by the State Secrets Bureau and

the National Environmental Protection Agency, and the "Provisions on the Control

over News Release concerning Environmental Pollution and Destructive Accidents".

Other relevant departments, institutions and individuals without the approval shall not

be allowed to release the information at will.

The project will focus on the emergency monitoring of atmospheric pollution.

1. Atmospheric emergency monitoring

The emergency monitoring points of atmospheric pollution should be set up around

the accident contaminated area and the nearby residential areas, the focus of the

layout of the monitoring points should be the scope that may be affected by the

downwind of the predominant wind in the accident contaminated area, and if the

monitoring factors of the pollution emergency monitoring points exceed the national

standards, the evacuation of the public should be organized.

Monitoring Time

From the occurrence of a pollution accident to the end of the pollution, the monitoring

shall be twice a day.

Analysis Methods of Sampling and Monitoring

It should be implemented according to relevant national regulations and standards, so

as to meet the validity of data.

2. Emergency monitoring of surface water

If the accident involves pollution of surface water bodies, the water bodies should be

monitored depending on specific circumstances, and attentions should be paid to the

safety of water quality . The masses shall be informed of the suspended use of water,

and the water can be used again until the risk has been eliminated.

7.5.10 Emergency Rescue Safeguards

1. Financial safeguard: Yueyang Paper Co. Lit. shall allocate a certain

amount of special funds for emergency response of environmental pollution accident,

which shall be used in the purchase of emergency response facilities and equipments

and information equipment and the routine propaganda, training and drill, and it

should be used as a financial safeguard for the emergency response of sudden

environmental pollution accident.


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2. Equipment safeguard: the plant should prepare a certain number of

emergency relief supplies and be equipped with appropriate safety fire-fighting

equipments, and the routine maintenance of the equipments should be conducted, so

as to provide the equipment safeguard for the emergency response of sudden

environmental pollution accident.

3. Communication safeguard and human resource safeguard: smooth

communication throughout the plant should be guaranteed, the members of the major

emergency rescue organization should be equipped with appropriate communicate

tools, which shall ensure smooth communication 24 hours a day, and the emergency

personnel and rescue equipments and materials should be in place promptly.

4. Propaganda, training and drill: The routine propaganda on the prevention

of pollution accidents should be strengthened, the local fire departments should be

invited to give technical guidance and training towards the members of the plant

emergency organization leading team and workers, the "Environmental Emergency

Manual" should be distributed, and emergency drills should be arranged for the staff

at least every six months. The publicity, training, training and information

dissemination on popular science should be carried out towards the public around the

plant in a targeted manner, and the masses’ self-protection, self-help and mutual-aid

awareness should be enhanced.

7.5.11 Aftermath Treatment of Pollution Accidents

After controlling environmental accidents, the following aftermath treatment must be

carried out at the same time:

1. Timely investigate the causes of environmental pollution accident,

describe the basic situation of pollution accident qualitatively and quantitatively,

assess the whole accident, and in case of serious consequences caused by neglecting

duty, those who neglect their duties should be penalized.

2. Relevant information should be collected and recorded, including the

nature of the accident, parameters and consequences, decision-making records,

information analysis, etc., and the work should be summarized, so as to provide the

command departments concerning the prevention of sudden environmental accidents

with decision-making basis.

3. The injured workers or masses should be rescued and appeased, and

appropriate compensation plans and other remedial work should be developed;

4. Damaged facilities and equipments should be inspected and repaired, and

the production should be resumed until the normal operation of facilities and

equipments can be determined.

7.6 Risk Assessment Conclusion

The major accident risks of this project are fire, explosion and the leaking of

hazardous materials, and this project has chosen the destructive accident caused by

the rupture of methanol tank for analysis. After the vitalization and diffusion of the

leaked methanol, the maximum ground concentration downwind is 1722.94mg/m3,

which is lower than the LC50, and the unattained area is the area downwind with a

radius of 310m. In case of the explosion of the leakage from the methanol storage

tank, the radius of death shall be 5.8 ~ 11.2m, a risk pool has been set up in the plant,

when leakage occurs, the waste liquid can be discharged into the risk pool for storage


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and disposal, so as to guarantee no discharge into the external environment, and under

the conditions of the development of strict risk emergency plan and strict

countermeasures, the project has a relatively small impact on the environment.


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8. Cleaner Production, Standardized Emission and Total

Amount Control 8.1 Cleaner Production

Consuming more water and energy, traditional pulp and paper industry would

generates heavier water and air pollution, which pollution control cannot reach the

target just depending on adopting measures at the end process. So it is necessary to

control the pollutants generated the project to the minimum in the light of the

environmental status, environmental target, raw materials, fuels, technologies, designs

and other related factors.

The decisive factor for pulp and paper industry to control pollution is the application

of cleaner production technology, which would not only be beneficial to the

environment, but also increase sources and energy utilization coefficient, improve

product quality, reduce production costs and raise labour productivity.

8.1.1 Technology and Equipment Level

The project uses advanced ECF bleaching instead of the original chlorine bleach. The

level of technology reached the advanced in china, much of the equipment imported

from abroad, with high degree of automation.

8.1.1.1 Raw materials and products analysis

The oxygen and chlorine dioxide used for bleaching would be self-made, so the

pollutant emission can be controlled from the headstream.

8.1.1.3 Energy consumption

The product of the project is bleached chemical reed pulp. According to the “General

Principles for Calculation of the Comprehensive Energy Consumption (GB2589-

2008), the comprehensive energy consumption of unit product is shown in Table 8-1.

Table 8-1 Comprehensive Energy Consumption of Chemical Reed Pulp Unit Product

Energy consumption Standard coal

equivalent Actual consumption

S.No.

Name Unit Unit

consumption kg

standard coal equivalent

kg/t product

1 Water m3 49.5 0.0857 4.2164

2 Power kWh 400 0.1229 49.1600

0.03412

3 Steam t 2.1 thermal

equivalent

coefficient

197.4371

4 Comprehensive energy consumption 250.8135 kg standard coal/ton product


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As shown by the calculation results in above table, the comprehensive energy

consumption of the chemical reed pulp workshop of the project is about 250.8135kg

standard coal equivalent/ton product. In the “Cleaner Production Evaluation Index

System for Pulp and Paper Industry” (for trial implementation) newly issued by

National Development and Reform Commission, the standard coal equivalent of

comprehensive energy consumption is defined as 680kg/t paperboard. As we can see

from above facts, with lower comprehensive energy consumption, all indexes of the

comprehensive technological transformation project exceed the national energy

consumption indexes for cleaner production. The project belongs to an energy

conservation one.

8.1.1.4 Energy conservation measures

Pulp and paper industry is one of the large energy consumers. So it is especially

important for pulp and paper industry to save energy. This project adopts energy

conservation measures in equipment selection, technology process and engineering

design for the purpose of reducing energy consumption as much as possible.

1. Adopting advanced energy-saving production technologies and equipment

like moderate concentration washing screen.

2. Accurately calculating balance of load, heat, water and materials, making

the selected equipment and capacity according with the production scale.

3. Adopting domestic advanced high-effective energy-saving equipment and

new heat-preserving materials for the specialized facilities of the project.

4. Trying the best to recycle production water and recover cooling water so

as to reduce fresh water consumption.

5. Adopting warm keeping measures for all the equipment and pipelines that

need thermal insulation.

6. Selecting and using advanced energy-saving new mechanical and electrical

equipment.

7. Adopting advanced automatic-control system and well-fitting measuring

devices and paying attention to energy saving management.

8.1.2 Pollutant Generation and Control

8.1.2.1 Wastewater pollutant generation and control

The pulp material grinding system and washing and screening system would be run at

the condition of higher concentration as much as possible to reduce water

consumption. Each section of the production system would adopt water recycling and

white water recovery technologies as much as possible. For examples, the paper

making workshop would make full use of the white water generated in the process of

production; the under-mesh high-density white water would be used for concentration

regulation, pulp material washing and dilution, so as to reduce water consumption.

The surplus white water recovered through the white water recovery system would be

used to recover the fiber in the pulp materials so as to reduce consumption. Part of the

recovered white water would be used to wash the pulp machine and mesh so as to

reduce fresh-water consumption and reduce the discharge of wastewater and

pollutants causing environmental impact.

8.1.2.2 Solid wastes production and comprehensive utilization.


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Residue and sludge yield of the wastewater treatment will amount to 2.02t/t

(completely dry). After dehydrated, they can be used by boilers as fuel.

8.1.3 Cleaner Production Capacity

Table 9 of the “Cleaner Production Evaluation Index System for Pulp and Paper

Industry” (for trial implementation) stipulated by National Development and Reform

Commission in 2006 defines indexes, weight and benchmark value for quantitative

assessment of paperboard. See Table 8-2 for comparison between the emission

indexes of this project and the benchmark value of cleaner production technical

indexes.


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Table 8-2 Schedule of Cleaner Production Capacity Assessment on Sulphate Reed Pulp Production Lines (Old And New)

Class of cleaner production

indexes Class I Class II Class III Project adopted value

Assessment

results

I. Requirements to production technology and equipment

1. Material preparation Recycling of the wastewater produced in the process of wet-dry or

dry material preparation and washing

The old line’s wet process generates

more power and ashes at the reed

cutting field. The new line’s wet

process makes part of the washing

water recycled but the site

environment would be quite poor

because of leakage and overflow.

Class III

2. Cooking Horizontal pipe continuous cooking, batch displacement cooking,

cold blow

The old line adopts vertical digester

cooking and heat blowing. The new

line adopts horizontal pipe continuous

cooking.

The old line

under Class III.

The new line at

Class II

3. Washing Multi-section countercurrent washing Multi-section countercurrent washing Class I

4. Screening Full-closed pressure

screening Pressure screening

Improving traditional

washing process Full-closed pressure screening Class I

5. Bleaching Oxygen delignification,

ECF or TCF bleaching

Oxygen

delignification, ECF,

ClO2 partly

replacing chlorine

bleaching

Hydro-peroxide

replacing multi-

section chlorine

bleaching partly

Oxygen delignification, ECF or TCF

bleaching Class I

II. Indexes of sources and energy utilization

1. Water

consumption m3/Adt

≤100 ≤110 ≤130 48.9 Class I

2. Comprehensive energy

consumption (outsourced

energy) Kg (standard coal)//Adt

≤950 ≤1000 ≤1150 250.8135 Class I

3. Fiber material (completely dry)

consumption t/ Adt ≤2.4 ≤2.5 ≤2.5 2.38 Class I

III. Indexes of pollutants yield

1. Wastewater yield m3/Adt ≤90 ≤120 ≤150 46.1 Class I


～ 183

Class of cleaner production

indexes Class I Class II Class III Project adopted value

Assessment

results

2. CODCr yield kg/Adt ≤160 ≤200 ≤250 68.36 Class I

3. BOD5 yield Kg/Adt ≤45 ≤60 ≤75 5.84 Class I

4. SS yield Kg/Adt ≤60 ≤80 ≤100 4.50 Class I

5. AOX yield Kg/Adt ≤1.5 ≤2.5 ≤3.0 3.06 Class I

IV. Indexes of recovery and recycling

1. Water recycling rate % ≥80 ≥70 ≥60 Class I


～ 184

As shown by the cleaner production capacity assessment in general, the chemical reed

pulp production line can reach the first-class world advanced level in both aspects of

source and energy utilization and pollutant generation. In order to steadily realize the

cleaner production indexes of the project and further reduce water and energy

consumption, it is necessary to enhance environmental management measures to

reduce pollutant generation.

8.2 Standardized Emission

8.2.1 Exhaust Gas

After the technological transformation completed and put into operation, the whole

process of the project would generate just a small amount of exhaust gas and basically

stop generation of dioxin. As designed, a process exhaust gas treatment system (gas

washing tower) will be constructed for the project. All the exhaust gas generated in

operation will be cooled, absorbed and treated through the gas washing tower before

discharged safely.

8.2.2 Wastewater

The process of production with chlorine dioxide bleaching technology will basically

put an end to the generation of dioxin in the process of chlorine bleaching. The

content of AOX in the production wastewater will see a remarkable decrease. The

chlorine dioxide bleaching technology will reduce the production wastewater and

COD pollution load in larger degree in comparison with the original chlorine

bleaching. After the wastewater is treated through the deep treatment system, the total

emission of the main pollutants of the whole plant will be 2379.1t/a of COD, 550.8t/a

of BOD5, 772.6t/a of SS and 216.1t/a of NH3-N, deceasing by 184.5t/a, 44.2t/a,

110.4t/a and 15.1t/a respectively in comparison with the existing emission.

8.2.3 Solid Wastes

After technological transformation, the solid wastes generated in the process of

production with new bleaching technology will be mirabilite crystals, byproducts of

the process of chlorine dioxide preparation. After filtered, these solid wastes can be

directly recycled by the alkali recovery workshop. The sludge produced by the

wastewater deep treatment system can be delivered directly to boilers for

comprehensive use.

8.3 Total Amount Control

8.3.1 Factors of Total Amount Control

According to the “Plan of Total Amount Control over Main Pollutants Emission of

the Whole Country in the Period of the 11th

Five-Year Plan” (Doc. No.: HF[2006] 90)

issued by the SEPA (today’s Ministry of Environmental Protection) and the National

Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), which stipulates that the State

implements total amount control over the emission of two kinds of main pollutants,

COD and SO2, in the Period of the 11th

Five-Year Plan, the factors of total amount

control for this project is defined as: COD in wastewater, SO2, smoke dust (powder)

and NOx in exhaust gas.

8.3.2 Indexes for Total Amount Control

See Table 8-4 for the standardized total amount of pollutants emission of the whole

plant after the technological transformation completed.


～ 185

Table 8-4 Total Amount of Pollutants Emission of YYP after Transformation

Factors

Item SO2

Smoke

dust

(powder)

NOx COD NH3-N

Actual emission of existing

project(up-to-standard

discharge)

1491.8 264.87 1342.4 2563.6 231.2

Total emission of whole

plant after transformation 1491.8 264.87 1342.4 2379.1 216.1

Total emission of whole

plant after transformation -

actual emission of existing

project

- - - -184.5 -15.1

8.3.3 Total amount control measures

See Table 8-6 for the total amount control indexes for the emission of main pollutants

allocated to YYP by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB)

according to the “Explanation about the Allocation of Total Amount Control Indexes

of Emission of Main Pollutants of Yueyang City in the 11th

Five-Year Plan”.

After the technological transformation completed, the emission of main pollutants of

YYP will be 1491.8t/a of SO2 and2379.1t/a of CODCr. In comparison with the

standardized emission of the existing project, the emission of COD will decrease by

184.5t/a. After the project completed, the main pollutants emission of YYP will meet

the total amount control indexes for 2010 allocated to the company by Yueyang EPB,

1500t/a of SO2 and 6200t/a of CODCr.

The NOx index and NH3-N index suggested by this assessment are 1342.4 t/a and

216.1t/a as confirmed by Yueyang EPB.

Table 8-5 Total Amount Control Indexes for Pollutants Emission of YYP in the 11th

Five-

Year Plan

Factors

Year SO2 COD

2010 1500 6200

8.4 Emission of pollutants compared to EHS guidelines

As stated before in chapter 1, the air emission is compared to EHS guidelines in

this section.

There are three documents that concerned to World Bank Group

“Environmental, Health, and safety” guidelines. The first one is the EHS Guidelines

Pulp and Paper Mills, which is used to compare in wastewater control and air

emission control for pulp-making. The comparable standard of China is GB16297-

1996 which is used for Alkali Recovery Boiler and GB3544-2008 which is used for

wastewater discharge. The second one is EHS guidelines for Thermal Power Plants if

the total rated heat input capacity more than 50 MWt. The comparable standard of

China is GB13223-2003 that it is used for coal boiler more than 60 ton Steam /h. The

last one is EHS General Guidelines for Power Plants if the total rated heat input


～ 186

capacity less than 50 MWt. The comparable standard of China is GB13271-2001 that

it is used for coal boiler less than 60 ton Steam /h. At the same time, the EHS general

Guidelines can be used for noise control compared to Chinese standard GB12348-

2008.

The main parameters of World Bank Group “Environmental, Health, and safety”

guidelines are list from Table 8-6 to Table 8-9 individual.

Table 8-6 Emission of air Pollutants in Table B2 of WGB “EHS” Guidelines Pulp and

Paper Mills

Parameter～ Type of Mill～ Units～ Guideline Value～

TSP～ Kraft,bleached～kg/t（AD

）～

0.5～

SO2 as S～ Kraft,bleached～kg/t（AD

）～

0.4～

NOx as O2～ Kraft,bleached～kg/t（AD

）～

2.0 for softwood pulp～

TRS as S～ Kraft,bleached～kg/t（AD

）～

0.2～

Table 8-7 Emission of air Pollutants in Table 1.1.2 of WGB “EHS” General

Guidelines

Solid fuels～ Index～ Unit～

Particulate Matter (PM)～ 50~150～ mg/Nm3～

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)～ 2000～ mg/Nm3～

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)～ 650～ mg/Nm3～

Table 8-8 Emission of air Pollutants in Table 6 C of WBG “EHS” Thermal

Power Plants

Solid Fuels (50<to<600MWth)=NDA～ Index～ Unit～

Particulate Matter (PM)～ 50～ mg/Nm3～

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)～ 900~1500～ mg/Nm3～

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)～ 510~1100～ mg/Nm3～

Dry Gas, Excess O2 Content～ 6～ %～

Overall, the Chinese Standard in air emission are close to WBG limit. Some

indicators are stringent, and somes are relax. It depends to the time of standard

release. The newer the more stringent, and the older the more relax.

Table 8-9 Noise Level Guidelines in Table 1.7.1 of WBG “EHS” General

Guidelines

Classification～ Daytime～ Nighttime～

Time～ 07:00-22:00～ 22:00-07:00～

Residential; institutional; educational～ 55～ 45～


～ 187

Industrial; commercial ～ 70～ 70～

In fact, the Chinese standard in noise control is more stringent than that of WBG

Guidelines. The Chinese standards have been classified 5 level by the GB12348-2008

in which the limit level come from GB3096-2008 according to the Environmental

management goal.

(1) Air emissions

The main point air emission sources in Yueyang mill are the alkali furnace and

boiler. Different standards and guidelines apply to those different sources, as

discussed in below.

(a) Alkali furnace

The alkali furnace air emissions belong to process gases that are different from

steam boilers or power plants. Therefore, the monitored emission values give in Table

7-3 compared to EHS value in Table 8-10

Table 8-10 Alkali Furnace air emissions comparison analysis

Jinfu Mill Monitored EHS pulp and paer Mills, Annex B,

Table 2～

Indicator

definition Unit Values Values Indicator definition

Dust or Particles Kg/ADt 0.16 0.5 TSP (Total Suspended

Particles)～

Sulfur Dioxide

SO2

Kg/ADt 1.98 /

Conversion Sulfur

Dioxide SO2 as S

Kg/ADt 0.99 0.4 SO2(as S)

Nitrogen Oxides

NOx

Kg/ADt 0.20 1.5 NOx(as NO2)

0.2 TRS(Total Reductive

Sulfur,as S)

According to data, the TSP and Nitrogen Oxides are met of EHS emission

guidelines values in alkali boiler, but the Sulfur Dioxide SO2 discharge seems slightly

surpass the EHS guidelines. It is noted that the said EHS guidelines are mostly refer to

wood-pulp Kraft process, while this project uses non-wood materials. Due to the

different quality of the raw materials and needed chemicals, the comparison is only

for reference. The data showed above includes two alkali boilers, one is 270t/h, and

the other one is 530 t/h of capacity in black liquid treatment.

(b) Boiler


～ 188

Yueyang mill have 6 coal boilers totally at present. It is analyzed using EHS

guidelines for thermal power plants. Domestic applicable standard is the GB13223-

2003. The analysis uses the monitoring data compared to EHS in Table 8-11.

Table 8-11 Coal boiler air emission comparison analysis

Jinfu Mill Monitored/Average WB EHS General Guidelines Table

1.1.2 as Soild～

Indicator definition Unit Values Values Indicator definition

Dust or Particles mg/Nm3 40.23 50～ Particulate Matter (PM)

Sulfur Dioxide SO2 mg/Nm3 218.00 900~1500～ Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

Nitrogen Oxides

NOx mg/Nm

3 333.90 510~1100～ Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

According to data, the EHS emission guidelines values are met.

Since the proposed technical upgrade include bleaching and wastewater

treatment, the air emissions won’t change substantially after the project. Based on

above analysis, the EHS guidelines can be met in general. Air quality monitoring also

shows that air quality monitoring spots present compliance with applicable air quality

standards. There is evidence of significant impact resulted from the mill’s air

emissions.

Odorous gases are mainly from cooking and wastewater treatment sludge. The

cooking facility has been provided with sealing, watering measures that can

effectively remove the odor. The new Blenching process will help reduce wastewater

as well as sludge production and odor. The odor impacts are considered small.

(2) Noise

Applicable domestic acoustic standards include GB12348-2008 and GB3096-

2008. The EHS General Guidelines is taken for analysis. According to the noise

monitoring conducted during EA stage, the noise level at the mill boundary and noise

sensitive receptors meet the domestic nation standards, and is within 10% below or

above the EHS Guidelines values. Therefore, it is considered the EHS Guidelines are

met in general. the monitoring data are in Table 8-12

Table 8-12 Noise level comparison analysis

Parameters GB12348-2008 WB General Guidelines

Table 1.7.1

Period Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime

Time 06:00-22:00 22:00-06:00 07:00-22:00 22:00-07:00

Level 1

=Residential,

Education, Cultural

55 45

55 45

Monitoring Values 54.0~59.4 52.8~55.0 ～～


～ 189

(3) Wastewater

Converted the monitored data and compared with EHS in table 8-13.

Table 8-13 Wastewater discharge of EHS compared to GB3544-2008, Integrated

Standard

Limit

Indicator

Units

Monitore

d before

project

GB3544-2008

Non-wood

Forecast

after

project

World Bank EHS

Guidelines Non-

wood

Wastewater

discharge t/Adt 85.8 54 48.9 50

pH 7.56 6~9 7.56 6~9

TSS kg/Adt 2.32 1.62 1.32 2

CODcr kg/Adt 11.67 4.86 4.68 30

BOD5 kg/Adt 1.63 1.08 0.93 2

TN kg/Adt 0.69 0.648 0.67 0.5

TP kg/Adt 0.053 0.036 0.045 0.05

NH3-N kg/Adt 0.62 0.43 0.356 /

The data shows that most of monitored and forecast results meet the

requirements of WGB “EHS” Guidelines Pulp and Paper Mills, except that the total

nitrogen (TN) discharge slightly larger than that of EHS guidelines.


～ 190

9. Analysis on Environmental Impact on Economic Cost-Benefit

9.1 Analysis on Economic Benefits

Paper industry is one of the important basic raw material industries for the national

economy. The consumption level of paper and paperboard has become and important

indicator to measure the level of standardization and the degree of civilization of the

nation. Undergoing a rapid growth for more than two decades, our national economy

has brought about a steady and sustainable development to the paper industry. The

development of the paper industry has made China the second largest paper producing

and consuming country in the world for 7 consecutive years. In 2008, China was the

first largest paper producer and consumer in the world. The paper production and

consumption in the whole country has been keeping a trend of upgoing and quicker

growth. All the key economic indicators like sales income, total profits and total

pretax profits have seen a substantial increase. The paper and paperboard yield of our

country amounted to 13.71 million ton in 1990, 28.12 million ton in 1995 and 30.50

million ton in 2000. By 2007, the total yield had reached 73.50 million ton. Especially

after entering into the period of the 11th

Five-Year Plan, the growth rate of the paper

yield has been remarkably accelerated. The output and consumption are gradually

coming into equality, seeing a status of balance between the supply and demand.

According to the investigation made by China Paper Association, there were about

3,500 paper and paper board enterprises in the whole country in 2008. The total

output of paper and paper board in that year amounted to 79.80 million ton, 8.57%

higher than 73.50 million ton of the last year. The consumption amount in that year

amounted to 79.37 million ton, 8.85% higher than 72.90 ton of the last year. The per

capital consumption in that year amounted to 60kg, 5kg higher than the last year. In

comparison with 2000, the output in 2008 saw a growth rate of 161.64% and the

consumption saw a growth rate of 121.96%. In the period from 2000 to 2008, the

output of paper and paper board saw an annual growth rate of 12.78% and the annual

growth rate of consumption was 10.48%, all higher than the annual growth rate of the

GDP of our country.

Starting from 2005, the import of paper and paperboard decreased, while the export

significantly increased. Under the influence of financial crisis in 2008, the import

decreased 10.72% compared to the last year and the export decreased 12.58% the

same period. According to statistics, the export of our paper products exceeded the

import the first time in August 2007. The export volume of paper and paperboard

amounted to 401 ton in 2007, decreasing 9.07% compared to 441 ton of the last year,

while the export volume in the same year amounted to 461 ton, the most in history,

increasing 35.19% compared with 341 ton of the last year. The export volume is 60%

more than the import (see Table 2.2-2 and Figure 2.2-2). The export exceeded import

the first time. Along with China changing from a paper import country into an export

country, our paper industry has come into the “turning point”.～～～～

In the period of the 11th

Five-Year Plant, the state continuously eliminates backward

production capacity. It is expected that 6.50 million ton capacity will be been

eliminated in two years after 2007. The small paper enterprises shut down use straw

pulp as main materials to produce low grade art paper and corrugated paper. Along

with shutting of such small enterprises, the market of the eliminated 6.5 million

capacity will be shared by competitive large and medium-sized enterprises. This is a


～ 191

new and best opportunity for the large enterprises. In 2008, the paper and paperboard

output of our country was 79.80 million ton and the consumption was 73.50 million

ton. The supply and demand keep balance. Along with the elimination of backward

capacity, the gap between consumption and output will enlarge and the growth rate of

enterprise profits will keep higher than the growth rate of income. In the light of the

time period in which the new capacity will form, it is expected that the supply

pressure of domestic paper industry will decrease, the profit ability will improve

gradually, the prosperity index will gradually get better and the market will have an

even larger room. As expected before, the growth rate of our paper industry will keep

higher than the growth rate of our GDP the same period. The future growth of paper

industry of the whole world will appear concentratively in the markets of developing

countries. China will take the lead in growth of demand.

In the light of the sensitivity assessment on the project, the change of sales income

would exert the most impact on the financial internal rate of return or the benefits.

The impact of the operation costs on the financial internal rate of return is secondary.

The change of construction investment will exert the least impact on the financial

internal rate of return.

Through above assessment, the investors would have a clear idea. On one hand, they

would have the courage to master and explore the market, produce good products and

sales a good price. On the other hand, they would carry out precise and scientific

management and devote effort to reduce the cost and energy consumption. Only by

this, they could get the largest benefits from the investment.

9.2 Environmental Benefits Analysis

Drawing on the advanced experiences of other countries to prevent and control

pollutant generation from the original sources and eliminate or reduce outside

management, this technological transformation would significantly reduce the

investment amount.

This project is focused on the transformation of cleaner production technologies. All

the expenses for this transformation are from environmental protection investment.

Therefore, all the 58.88 million yuan invested to this project will used on


After the cleaner production technologies are adopted in this transformation, the total

amount of wastewater emission will be reduced. The wastewater quality will be

remarkably improved. The index of AOX would already meet new national standard

once the wastewater discharged out of the workshop. After treated through the

60000m3/d treatment plant, the wastewater indexes would meet the “Discharge

Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry (GB3544-2008)”. The

construction of this project will help improve the local ecological environment. The

economic and environmental benefits would be remarkable.


～ 192

10. Public Participation

10.1 Purpose and Role of Public Participation

10.1.1 Purpose of Public Participation

Public participation is an important means to improve exchange and communication

between the project constructor and environmental protection department and the

public. Through public participation, the project sponsor can understand the attitude

and viewpoints of the public, particularly the residents living nearby the project site,

on the construction of the project as well as their opinions and recommendations on

the neighboring environment can be acquainted. At the same time, public

participation would also help fund out the problems that are hard to be found through

environmental monitoring assessment and prediction, make the environmental impact

assessment of the project democratized and publicized, provide reliable public

participation information for the environmental impact assessment of the project, let

public understand the nature of the project and its potential impact on the neighboring

environment, provide opportunity for the public and groups with direct or indirect

relation to the construction project to take part in the environmental impact

assessment and express their standpoint, opinion and recommendations on the project,

especially their concern about environmental pollution, so as to improve the

effectiveness of the environmental impact assessment and provide basis and

supervision for the primary design of the project and the implementation of

environmental protection measures.

10.1.2 Role of Public Participation

1. Comprehensively analyzing the public opinions, implementing them in the

supervision measures of environmental protection and taking them as the guideline in

the construction of the project

2. Communicating opinions between the public and the constructor,

introducing to the public the project survey, environmental pollution situation,

prevention and control measures and the results of environmental impact assessment

and prediction etc., and informing the opinions, recommendations and requests of the

public to the constructor as the basis for accommodation of the construction scheme

of the project.

10.2 Mode and Content of Public Participation

The solicitation of public opinions can be divided into two phases:

1. The first phase is in the initial period of project preparation mainly

including publicizing related information on the internet, posting the information

about the environmental impact assessment publicized at the first time in the

residential areas to make the public have an initial understanding of the project and

then soliciting public’s opinions by telephone calls, e-mails and letters. The opinion

solicitation will be started from the beginning of information publication to the end of

the whole process of environmental assessment.

2. The second phase is after the draft of environmental impact assessment

(EIA) completed, including publicizing online the information about the second time

EIA and posting the content related at the sensitive spots around the construction site,


～ 193

and then openly soliciting public opinions mainly by issuing questionnaires according

to the characters of the project and educational level and living style of the public

residing around the project site. Moreover, before representatives of the masses fill in

the questionnaire formats, we would give them a brief introduction of the general

situation of the project and the environmental problems that may be brought about by

the construction and explain to them the contents of EIA report that need public

participation as required by the SEPA, trying to make the public understand the

purpose and significance of public participation, enhance their awareness of

environmental protection and take part in the environmental protection in the process

of the project actively and voluntarily. All the information about the public

participation will keep open in the whole process of public opinion solicitation.

The second phase of public participation will be implemented according to the

requirement stipulated by the Regulation for Public Participation in Environmental

Impact Assessment. The investigation period will be October 8-9, 2011 and the

opinion solicitation period will be 10 days.

Two times of information publicity and opinion solicitation are all carried out in

forms of online bulletin, site posting, field interview and issuing questionnaires. The

situation of information publicity is specified as follows.

1. Posting bulletin in the communities around the construction site. See

Figure 10-1 for the science of information publicity.

2. Making the first information publicity on the website of Yueyang Forest &

Paper Co. Ltd. (http://www.yypaper.com/contents/73/596.html) and making the

second publicity on the website of Hunan provincial Environmental Protection

Science Research Institute of Hunan Province

http://www.hraes.cn/pubs/detail.jsp?pageid=414 Full draft EIA was also made

available at the website and the mill for public access...

Following information will be provided to the public:

1. Name and survey of the construction project

2. Name and contact of the constructor

3. Name and contact of the EIA department in charge of the assessment of

the project

4. Operating procedure and main works of the EIA

5. Main points of the public opinion solicitation

6. Main manners for the public to express their opinions

In the process of preparing the EIA report, we shall also investigate the enterprises

neighboring the technological transformation project site and the residents living

nearby the site who may be impacted directly by the project by issuing questionnaires

and follow-up interview, introduce them the environmental, social and economic

results of the construction project, the potential adverse impacts on atmosphere, water

and human health in the assessed area and the proposed countermeasures for relieving

the adverse impacts, and find out their attitude, requirements, opinions and

recommendations on the construction of the technological transformation project.

When issuing the questionnaires, we shall introduce the methods to fill in the forms.

For the convenience of the public, the questionnaires are designed for them to choose

the answer just with “√”. Narrative explanation will be made as necessary for the


～ 194

public to fill in the forms according to their own will and return the forms voluntarily.

The investigation should be both representative and at random. Representative means

the objects of the investigation would represent the public from all circles; At random

means the objects of the investigation would be decided randomly at statistics, the

choice opportunities of them would be equal and fair.

Figure 10-1 Public Bulletin Posted


～ 195

Figure 10-2 Bulletin Online the First Time

Figure 10-3 Bulletin Online the Second Time


～ 196

Table 10-1 Questionnaires on Public Participation

Name Age Occupation Education

level

Address Telephone

Project survey: Located at the Chenglingji three-river estuary area of Hu’nan Province’s

Yueyang City, where the Yangtze River joins with the Dongting Lake, with the plant close to the

Yangtze River voyage channel, Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd. boasts water and land

transportation convenience, rich fresh water resources and abundant reed and poplar materials. In

order to improve cleaner production capacity, the company plans to make technological

transformation on the production line of reed pulp. The technological transformation mainly

includes: transforming the old chemical pulp chlorine bleaching production line into a water-saving

and environmental-friendly ECF bleaching production line and building an oxygen plant and a

chlorine dioxide preparation station compounded with the transformation. The designed scale of the

project will match the reed pulp production capacity of 180t/d. This is a technological

transformation project for cleaner production without changing the product mixture of the current

production line. The product is bleached kraft reed pulp. This technological transformation will be

made on the basis of the original workshop and use the space of the former maintenance cabin. All

the project works will be done within the plant without need of new land occupation. The total

investment is 58.88 million yuan. The proposed construction period is 12 months.

Environmental impacts: After the project completed, the fresh water consumption and

bleaching wastewater emission will be reduced by more than 50% respectively. By adopting ECF

for bleaching, the AOX in the bleaching wastewater will drop by 93% and the toxicity of AOX will

mostly disappear. After technological transformation, the water quality of the treated wastewater

from the reed pulp workshop will meet the current emission standard provided by the state and

would not bring about impact on the water environment around the plant. By adopting ECF, the

unorganized emission of chlorine from the reed pulp workshop will be significantly reduced. After

sound insulation, vibration damper and noise elimination measures are adopted, the equipment noise

generated in the process of the transformation will meet the limit standard. The solid wastes

generated in production will be recovered by the system and the mud generated from the wastewater

treatment plant will be recycled by low-grade paper plants.

Please provide your precious opinions and recommendations objectively and impartially based

on your understand the thought. We shall submit your rational requirements and feasible

recommendations to the property owner and environmental protection department.

Do you know the construction of this project? 1

A. yes B. a little C. no

Your opinion on the environmental state of the project site 2

A. good B. general C. poor

The most serious environmental problem existing in project site on your

opinion:

3 A. air

pollution B. water pollution C. noise pollution

D. solid waste

pollution

The environmental impacts that might be brought about by the project

construction on your opinion:

4 A. air

pollution B. water pollution

C. noise

pollution

D. solid waste

pollution

The impact on your life that might be brought about by the project construction

on your opinion: 5

A. no B. beneficial C. adverse


～ 197

The issues you are concerned about the most in the project construction:

6 A. social

results

B. economic

results

C. pollution

control

D. employment

opportunity

Do you agree to the project construction? (explain your reason if not)

A. yes B. no 7

Reasons:

Other opinions

and

recommendations

Prepared by: Environmental Protection Science Research Institute of Hu’nan Province Date:

10.3 Objects of the Investigation

Based on the characters of the construction project, the geographic location, the

surrounding environmental state, the pollutant emission situation and the distribution

of surrounding sensitive spots, the objects of public participation investigation of the

project mainly include local government organizations, deputies to the People’s

Congress, social groups and relative department. As shown in Table 10-3, the objects

of investigation selected in this assessment are all the surrounding sensitive spots.

All the objects of the investigation are residents or workers at the sensitive spots

around the project site with certain understanding of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co.,

Ltd., so they can represent the opinions of the most people around the project site.

10.4 Statistics of the Investigation Results

10.4.1 Number of Questionnaires Issued and Recalled

86 questionnaires (80 to individual and 8 to groups) were issued in two times of

investigations. All of them have been recalled.

10.4.2 Personnel Composition of the Public Participation

See Table 10-2 for the composition of persons who have filled in the questionnaires.

Table 10-2 Composition of Objects of Public Participation Investigation

Items Number of persons Percentage

Male 47 58.8 Sex

Female 33 41.2

Over 35 45 56.2 Age

Under 35 35 43.8

Under junior high school 5 6.2

Secondary technical

school and senior high

school

48 60.0 Education

level

Junior college/university and

higher 27 33.8


～ 198

Items Number of persons Percentage

Workers 66 82.5

Office clerks 4 5.0

Engineers 7 8.8 Occupations

Technicians 2 2.5

Teachers 1 1.2

As we can see in Table 10-2, there are 27 persons with education level of or above

junior college/university, accounting for 33.8% of the total; 48 persons with education

level of secondary technical school and senior high school, accounting for 60% of the

total; and 5 persons with education level under junior high school, accounting for

6.2% of the total. Most of the public taking part in the assessment have certain level

of education. Most of them have certain capacity of independent thinking and analysis

on the content of the investigation. So, the 80 questionnaires recalled are effective.

Among the persons participating the investigation are 66 workers, accounting for

82.5% of the total, 4 office clerks, accounting for 5.0%, 7 engineers, accounting for

8.8%, and 2 technicians, accounting for 2.5%. The participants come from different

sectors and the 80 recalled questionnaires represent the opinion of different social

circles and business sectors in certain degree, so they are effective.

10.4.3 Statistical Results of Public Participation Investigation Questionnaire

Table 10-3 lists the basic information of individual objects of the investigation.

Table 10-3 Content of Public Opinion Investigation

S.

No. Name Age Occupation

Education

Level Address

Contact

Telephone

1 Wan Yong 32 worker

secondary

technical

school

No.404 of Bldg 11,

Zuyuan Estate of

YYP

13973063861

2 Yang Taotao 22 worker junior

college

No.104 of Bldg 4,

Zuyuan Estate of

YYP

13908406070

3 Li Jiang 26 worker

secondary

technical

school

No.309 of Bldg 13,

Zuyuan Estate of

YYP

13975032055

4 Wang Tielong 57 worker

senior

high

school

Zuyuan Estate of

YYP 13762014382

5 Chen

Longping 37 engineer

post

graduate

Fengshu New

Village, Yueyang

City

13077183687

6 Huang Hui 41 worker

senior

high

school

Garden Estate

7 Cao

Guangqing

48 worker senior

high

YYP Plant


～ 199

S.


Education

Level Address

Contact

Telephone

Guangqing high

school

8 Cui Jiehui 42 benchworker

secondary

technical

school

9 Li Zhengguo 46 worker

senior

high

school

YYP Plant

10 Wu Jinsong 43 worker

senior

high

school

11 Dong Xianzhi 40 worker

junior

high

school

No.505 of Bldg18,

Hengtai Estate of

YYP

13762754650

12 Peng Lihui 37 worker

13 Wang Caiwen 53 worker

senior

high

school

14 Zhang yi 36 worker junior

college

Luowang

Development Zone

of Yueyang City

13762081902

15 Lu Liren 37 worker

senior

high

school

No.28 of Longzhu

Harbor, Guoda,

Yueyang City

13973004937

16 Zhuo Zhigang 44 worker

secondary

technical

school

Yueyang Municipal

Construction Bureau

17 Lin Zaichun 59 worker

junior

high

school

18 Xong Jiaobin 53 worker

junior

high

school

13975061863

19 Yuan Zhinian 41 worker

junior

high

school

20 Yi Zhisheng 42 worker

secondary

technical

school

21 Wan Changji 59 worker

senior

high

school

Garden Estate

22 Fu Huijun 48 worker

senior

high

school

Bldg 18 of Zone 1,

Huaneng Power

Plant Family

Member Residence

13975063068


～ 200

S.


Education

Level Address

Contact

Telephone

Area

23 Yi Xiaomei 43 worker

senior

high

school

24 Yan Caiyun 43 staff junior

college

Luowang

Development Zone

of Yueyang City

13973058909

25 Deng Xiuying 46 staff

junior

high

school

Paotaishan 13908407352

26 Ji Yu

senior

high

school

27 Chen Qian 33 worker

secondary

technical

school

13786068092

28 Luo Hongmei 32 worker

secondary

technical

school

29 Huang

Liangyan 22 worker

secondary

technical

school

Boarding house of

YYP University

Students

15107309646

30 Luo Ying 22 worker

secondary

technical

school

YYP Plant 13973058931

31 Liang Haihua 25 worker

secondary

technical

school

No.604 of YYP

Expert Building 15073063846

32 Shi Haixia 33 worker

secondary

technical

school

No.704 of Bldg 2,

YYP Housing Estate 8570238

33 Chen

Guixiang 30 worker

junior

college

No.302 of Bldg5,

Hengtai Estate 13873050240

34 Ren Guilin 32 worker junior

college Garden Estate 13975056396

35 Liu Zhixiang worker

36 Hu Bin 28 worker junior

college

37 Li Shuhong 21 worker

senior

high

school

Huatai Wood Co.,

Ltd., Yueyang City 13807306974

38 Xiang

Changyong 23 worker

secondary

technical

school

No.610 of Bldg 13,


39 Yu Liang 30 worker secondary

technical


～ 201

S.


Education

Level Address

Contact

Telephone

technical

school

40 Cai Zihan 22 worker junior

college

41 Xu Yonghui 32 staff

senior

high

school

Leifengshan 139754047428

42 Xu Shen 30 worker

secondary

technical

school

Hengtai Estate of

YYP 13789004009

43 Li Bei 22 worker

senior

high

school

44 Yu Dongwei staff

senior

high

school

Leifengshan 15377302112

45 Wang Liang 27 worker

senior

high

school

Huatai Estate

46 Wen Jian 29 technician junior

college

No.201 of Zone 11,

Hengtai Estate of

YYP

13975074730

47 Ren Sihong 27 technician

Hongjiazhou

Community of

Chenglingji

13975073184

48 Lin Hua 46 engineer junior

college Hengtai Estate 8590540

49 He Kai 27 worker

senior

high

school

Shijia Group of

Fengshu Village,

Huabanqiao,

Yueyang City

13763018760

50 Ling Jia 30 worker

secondary

technical

school

Baishiling of

Bazimen Economic

Development Zone,

Yueyang City

13575000505

51 Zhao

Guangbing 47 worker

secondary

technical

school

Hengtai Estate of

YYP 13789002959

52 Peng Lizheng 38 worker

senior

high

school

Chenglingji Harbor

Bureau 13873095419

53 Zhou Yuyu 42 worker junior

college

Fifth Middle School

of Yueyang City 13873057556

54 Yu Xiangdong 26 worker junior

college

Ziyuan Estate of

Yueyang City 13786020684


～ 202

S.


Education

Level Address

Contact

Telephone

55 Wen Ying 33 monitor junior

college

Guangming Village

of Chenglingji,

Yueyang City

56 Liao Wuying 40 worker

secondary

technical

school

Hengtai Estate of

YYP 6098092

57 Li Qin 34 worker

secondary

technical

school

Guihuayuan Estate


58 Tu Jun 38 worker junior

college

Hengtai Estate of

YYP 8565138

59 Zhuang

Minghua 34 worker

secondary

technical

school

Chenglingji Harbor

Bureau 8592588

60 Zhu

Kaijian 38 worker

junior

college

Hengtai Estate of

YYP 13975028569

61 He Qongfang 38 worker junior

college YYP Housing Estate 13873096656

62 Huang

Chunxiang 45 worker

secondary

technical

school


63 Zhong Aiguo 49 worker

secondary

technical

school

Hengtai Estate of

YYP 13873096462

64 Li Min 29 worker junior

college

Hengtai Estate of

YYP 13873035630

65 Meng Qingtao 37 engineer junior

college YYP Ziyuan Estate 13973065506

66 Gao Manhua 40 worker

secondary

technical

school

Sanhui Homestead


67 Hu Cheng 25 engineer junior

college

Chenglingji Harbor

Bureau 13762003749

68 Cheng Guoxin 42 worker

secondary

technical

school

Hengtai Estate of

YYP 13762938632

69 Chen

Manqiang 53 worker

secondary

technical

school


70 Ge Xiaohua 40 worker

secondary

technical

school

YYP Garden Estate 13873058721

71 Wang

Xueping 38 worker

secondary

technical

school



～ 203

S.


Education

Level Address

Contact

Telephone

72 Tang Huaichu 55 worker

senior

high

school

YYP Garden Estate

73 Peng Yong 40 engineer junior

college YYP Housing Estate 13975056646

74 Lu Shengming 40 worker junior

college

Hengtai Estate of

YYP 8590981

75 Hu Rong 38 engineer junior

college

Chenglingji Harbor

Bureau 8592009

76 Liang

Zhonghua 50 worker

secondary

technical

school

Hengtai Estate of

YYP 8571810

77 Song Liwei 45 worker

secondary

technical

school

YYP West Bldg 7 13873040937

78 Wu Zhang 32 engineer junior

college YYP East Bldg 37 8565896

79 Hou Ru 45 worker

secondary

technical

school

YYP East Bldg 12

80 Zhang Jing 29 teacher junior

college YYP Garden Estate 15073066612

10.5 Analysis on Public Opinions

1. 31% of the public know about the project construction clearly, 67% of

them know just a little and 2% of them do not know. The public acquaint themselves

with this project through radio and TV, private information and advertisement etc.

This public participation investigation increased transparent of the project.

2. 70% of the investigated think the environment quality of the project site is

rather poor. 21% of them think it quite ordinary. 9% of them think rather well. 75% of

the investigated think the main environmental problem at the project site is water

pollution.

3. 70% of the investigated public the project is beneficial to their life. 17% of

them think the project has no effect on their life. 90% of them are most concerned

about the social results, economic results and pollution control of the project.

4. All the investigated public agree to construct this project without

opposition. The public have expressed their strong support to the construction of the

project.

10.6 Statistics and Analysis of Group Opinions

Opinions and recommendations of the groups and entities located in the assessment

district are solicited this time (see annex). These groups and entities include Yueyang

Hengtai Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., Yueyang Hongjiazhou Community,


～ 204

Yueyang Antai Industrial Co., Ltd., Yueyang Chenglingji Harbor Co., Ltd, Yueyang

Green Environmental Technologies Co., Ltd. and Hu’nan Maoyuan Forestry Co., Ltd.

As shown by the results of the public participation investigation, this project has

received understanding and support from more public and at the same time the public

ask the constructor to pay attention to environmental protection, adopt advanced

procedures and pollution prevention and control technologies, implement various

kinds of environmental protection measures and enhance environmental management.

In the process of construction and operation of the project, the constructor should pay

much attention to the results of this public participation, sincerely implement various

kinds of environmental protection measures, ensure standardized emission of the

“three wastes”, value public’s wishes and opinion, combine product development with

environmental protection and realize integration of economic, social and

environmental benefits.


～ 205

11. Plan for Environmental Management and Monitoring

11.1 Enterprise Environmental Management

11.1.1Establishment of environmental protection management organizations

The enterprise established environmental protection management committee.

Enterprise’s GM took the position of director of the committee and each heads of unit

are the member of the committee. The general engineer is responsible for

environmental protection, safety and environmental protection department is

responsible for daily environmental protection management whose specific contents

include SW reduction and control, waste gas control and treatment, waster water

control and treatment, noise control etc. each unit shall designate one staff as director

responsible for environmental protection and one staff as environmental protector.

The designated director responsible for environmental protection shall be the leader of

unit and environmental protector is responsible for the daily environmental protection

management and contact work of the department.

11.1.2Environmental management system

The enterprise stipulated a environmental protection responsibility system in which

GM is responsible for overall work, safety and environmental protection department

is responsible for checking and promoting, each unit is responsible for

implementation and routing inspection of each section. The environmental protection

facilities and staffs related to environmental protection are all incorporated in

environmental management network to ensure each environmental protection facility

has special staff to response. The production department implements the working

system of four groups and three shifts, the production equipment and environmental

protection equipment implement the system of central control and the combination of

on-site checking and regular point checking. In case of problem found, it shall be

reported and treated immediately to ensure the pollutant emission after meeting

relevant requirements.

The enterprise stipulates environmental management system and gradually completes

it. The environmental management system passed certification of the ISO 14001. The

enterprise put forward the environmental guidelines of “complying with rules and

regulations, energy conservation and consumption reduction, clean production and

sustainable development”. Based on these guidelines, the enterprise also stipulates

enterprise’s environmental goals with which the performance is checked every month

and thus to reward the good and fine the bad. As of pollution control, procedures

related to environmental protection such as “environmental factor identification and

assessment procedures”, “waste water treatment and control procedures”, “furnace

smoke emission control procedures”, “noise control procedures”, “radioactive device

management procedures”, “emergency preparedness and response procedures” etc

were stipulated, now these procedures are under normal running. In addition, the

responsibility of each environmental protection director and environmental protector

shall be implemented. Each management work of the enterprise must have


～ 206

corresponding record to make it “furnished with proof and evidence”. Implement

daily integrated inspection of positions and incorporated the checking results into the

performance of medium leaders, thus to ensure the sustainable and stable running and

continuous improvement of ISO 14001 environmental management system.

11.1.3 Environmental management measures

1. Environmental management measures during construction period

(1) The department responsible for project construction is responsible for the overall

environmental protection work, implementing environmental protection plan

during construction period, checking regularly and accepting the supervision and

guidance of Hunan environmental protection Bureau.

(2) Implement unified arrange on construction site and place distribution according

to the requirements of environmental protection department and the

environmental protection measures suggested in the report.

(3) Implement environmental protection management to construction team to

requirement it to construct according to environmental protection requirement,

and check and supervise the implementation of environmental protection

problems during construction.

2. Environmental management measures during operation period

The environmental protection work during operation period shall be incorporated in

the overall management work. Each link of environmental management shall focus on

environmental protection, regularly check environmental protection work and accept

the supervision and guidance of Hunan environmental protection Bureau.

Refer to table 2-4 for the major environmental impact and corresponding mitigation

measures of this programme.

Table 11.3-1 major environmental impact and corresponding mitigation

measures

Stage Field

influenced

Potential impact Suggested

mitigation

measures

Implementing

party

Supervising

party

Monitoring

party

Design stage Selection of

pulp bleaching

technique

Emission of

water pollutants

Application of ECF

bleaching

technique

/ /

Construction

stage

Utility and

obtaining of

land

The programme

is constructed in

the existing

equipment

repair building

and mechanical

pulp workshop

which are both

located at the

factory. Thus no

new land is

involved.

/

YUEYANG

FOREST ℃

PAPER CO.,

LTD Hunan

Provincial

Environmental

Protection

Bureau,

Yueyang

Municipal

Environmental

Protection

Bureau

Hunan

Environmental

Monitoring

Station,

Yueyang

Environmental

Monitoring

Station


～ 207

General

problems of

construction

Dust, tail gas

form vehicles,

waste water

from

construction,

noise of

construction

equipment,

waste soil and

construction

garbage

Stipulate strick

construction rules

and system, reduce

noise level from

the source and

reasonably

distribute

construction site

Dismantling

of waste and

old equipment

and facilities

Risks on

environment,

safety and

health

The dismantling is

conducted by

Hongtai

Construction and

Installation

Engineering Co.,

Ltd who holds

relevant

qualifications thus

to ensure the safe

removal and

disposal of

equipments.

Air quality

control

Dust, tail gas

from vehicles

Well control the

links where the

dust is easy to

generate, reduce

the dust during

material utility and

storage

Water quality

control

General waste

water from

construction

includes those

from dewatering

well in earth

stage, concrete

maintenance in

structuring state

and washing of

vehicles

Recycle washing

water and concrete

conservation water

as much as

possible. rain,

waste water from

piling mud and

water ponds during

construction shall

be collected and

treated with

sedimentation, then

the upper layer

liquid supernatant

shall be emitted

and lower layer

mud shall be

moved out with

mud truck.

Noise control Noise from each

construction

equipment

The construction

time shall be

arranged

reasonably to

reduce noise from

the source.

SW

management

Waste earth and

construction

garbage

SW shall be

collected with

classes and sent to

designated storage

yard


～ 208

Public health

and

occupational

health

The movement

of construction

workers may

cause epidemic

disease.

Coordinate with

construction unit to

require it to take

effective measure

to protection

construction

workers, conduct

physical check

regularly. In case

of epidemic

disease, patients

shall be sent to

hospital

immediately for

treatment or

insulation.

Public

security,

owners,

contract

parties and

construction

party

Emergency

accident may

cause injury or

death of

construction

workers.

Stipulate good site

safety protection

measure with

construction

enterprise, regulate

the operation of

construction

workers, prepare

relevant safety

protection devices,

strengthen site

safety checking

and prepare and

implement

emergency

response and

accident rescue

plan

Water quality

control

Black liquid

from pulp

making and

cooking,

medium waste

water from pulp

making and

paper making,

waste water

from alkali

recovery system

Black liquid will

be treated in alkali

recovery system,

other waste water

shall be emitted

after treatment in

waste water

treatment station

and after meeting

relevant

requirements

Air quality

control

Dust, SO2 and

NOx generated

in heat and

power station

and alkali

furnace in

chemical

workshop

Emitted after

treatment by

electric/bag

precipitator

Operation

stage

Noise control All types of

pump in

production

workshop, air

compressor,

coal grinder in

heat and power

station, fans and

exhaust of high-

pressure air

The noise sources

are far from factory

boundary and all in

door, thus the noise

from the

programme

imposes no impact

on the sound

environment of the

area 220 m away.


～ 209

SW

management

Sludge of waste

water treatment

station, waste

scraps from

material

preparation. The

improper

treatment of

sodium sulfate-

the side product

will also cause

SW pollution.

This type of SW

can be sent to

power boiler for

combustion to

recover heat.

Strengthen the

management of

sodium sulfate

storage, and sold

out after dissolving

to reduce storage

amount

Risk

management

1. Accidental

emission of

pollutants.

2. The leakage

of raw material

such as methyl

alcohol, sulfuric

acid, hydrogen

peroxide and

chlorine dioxide

may enter

surface water, or

waste water

treatment

system and

leading to

pollution of

surface water

and river water.

1. prepare spare

equipments,

strengthen accident

monitoring and

ensure the

performance of

waste water

treatment station

2. Limit the storage

amount of

materials which

may cause water

pollution such as

methyl alcohol,

sulfuric acid,

hydrogen peroxide

and chlorine

dioxide and

strengthen

management;

prepare

corresponding

emergency

response facilities

and strengthen

management and

repair; prepare

emergency

response plan for

environmental risk;

strengthen

operators skill and

conduct regular

training and

examination.

Public health

and

occupational

health

Occupational

health problem

such as hearing

loss may be

caused by noise

because workers

are working in

the same

position for long

time.

Distribute labor

protection article

on time, and

conduct

professional

physical check on a

year; strict

implement the 8 h

working time;

exchange positions

if it necessary.

Regulate and

improve

environment in

workshop and

improving

professional health

management

system.


～ 210

Public security

Improper

operation and

other emergency

accident may

cause injury or

death of

workers.

Stipulate and

implement relevant

safety protection

measures, set up

safety warning

sign, safety

protection

equipment;

stipulate and

complete safety

facilities and

equipment

operation

procedure.

strengthen safety

knowledge

training, and

technique,

equipment

operation training;

strengthen site

safety checking

and prepare and

implement

emergency

response and

accident rescue

plan

11.2 Project monitoring plan

This programme construction scale is large, involving many production departments,

thus the following automatic monitoring plan will be used according to product types

and production capacity. The framework of the plan is management and control in-

one. The widely used and reliable is equipped in pulp making workshop, paper

making workshop, waste water treatment station and heat and power station.

Meanwhile, a network system is provided to connect each production control system

with department management system, and transmit data and information through

network, which enable the management personnel to know the production situation,

pollutant emission situating and abnormal emission situation (such as overflow,

leakage and stop of equipment) of each production workshop and to implement

production control and repair in time. Each workshop can also gain information from

each other to optimize production and reduce pollutants, ensure normal operation of

pollutant control and treatment facilities. This plan aims to enable production process

meet the designed requirement, bring the good performance of advance production


～ 211

equipment into full play and realize the estimated economic and environmental

benefit.

11.2.1 Monitoring plan under normal production situation

This technical renovation program include the renovation of chemical reed pulp

production line and chemical wood pulp production line, and a new oxygen

preparation workshop and a chlorine dioxide workshop. The production process of

each workshop will generate environmental factors such as water, gas and noise.

Separate environmental monitoring plan is stipulated for each environmental factor

such as water, gas and noise.

Monitoring of water environment

(1) Monitoring of waste water

After the completion of the programme, water samples shall be collected at each

workshop. Sampling port or sampling valves shall be provided at design stage. The

waste emission sign shall be set at emission outlet, indicating the name of major

polltants and waste water emission amount. Flow gauge, and COD or TOC monitor

shall be installed. The production situation shall be recorded when sampling. The

focus of waste water monitoring is the general outlet of waste water treatment station

and outlet of each workshop. The monitoring at the workshop can reflect the clean

production level and normal emission of the workshop.

Waste water outlet and waste water flow gauge shall be provided for pulp making

workshop and paper making workshop to monitor the flow amount of waste water on

line. The quality of waste water shall be monitoring once a day. The sample shall be

collected for continuous 24 hours, with the monitoring items includes pH, CODcr, SS.

The pH value for the emitted water from chemical water treatment station of heat and

power station shall be analyzed once a day. The flow amount of recycling cooling

water from heat and power station is monitored automatically and samples are

collected manually to analyze COD, SS, TDS, TP and ammonia nitrogen.


～ 212

The water from waste water treatment station is monitored with automatic sampling

device to sample for continuous 24 hours and monitor on line flow amount, pH value,

CODcr (or TOC). In addition, BOD5, the SS, TP and ammonia nitrogen are measured

and analyzed after regular multiple points sampling.

AOX and dioxin monitored once a year for Sewage treatment plant Effluent water

(2) Monitoring of underground water

Two underground water monitoring wells are set in the production area of the factory

and another two underground water monitoring wells are set in lime residue storage

yard. The quality of underground water is monitored once a year, with the major

monitoring items of pH value, COD, petroleum and volatile phenol according the

water flowing direction in residue storage yard and production area of the factory.

Monitoring of air environment

Sampling port or sampling valves shall be provided at design stage. The on-line

smoke monitor shall be equipped on furnace to monitor TSP, SO2 and NOx. Manual

ampling shall be conducted once a season to monitoring the concentration of smoke

TSP, SO2 and NOx , and smoke emission amount.

Monitoring of sound environment

Monitoring shall be conducted once a year to monitoring the key noise sources, noise

at the office area and at the factory boundary, thus to ensure the sound quality meet

the requirement after the completion of the programme.

Monitoring of SW

The water ratio of sludge from sludge dehydration room of waste water treatment

station shall be monitored once a day. And the ratio of organic matter and inorganic

matter shall be measured irregularly. The working procedure of sedimentation pool

and secondary sedimentation pool shall be adjusted according to sludge dehydration

situation to ensure the dehydration rate to meet relevant requirements.

Soluble test shall be conducted irregularly on de-inked residue to test the composition

of heavy metal such as Cr6+

, Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd, As.


～ 213

According to the requirement of the World Bank, the programme shall submit a semi-

monitoring report to Ministry of Environmental Protection who will submit the same

to the World Bank every half year during the operation of the programme.

11.2.2 Emergeny monitoring plan

The principles of “prevention first, active move and focusing on prevention” shall be

followed to prepare well for the emergency monitoring. The monitoring people shall

prepare to go to the site at any time, and laboratory shall prepare to analyze and test at

any time will all site test instruments ready for monitoring. It shall be ensured that the

people are ready to go to the site and conduct monitoring work. The items which can

be measured at the site shall be measured at site. For items which can not be measured

at the site, the sample shall be taken to laboratory for immediate analysis to ensure the

timely report of data and provide basis for emergency measure, thus to prevent

accidental emission and damage.

11.3 Training

11.3.1Service training of environmental management personnel

The purpose of service training of environmental management personnel is to

strengthen environmental management during construction and operation period to

ensure the quality of environmental monitoring and effective environmental

management, thus to eventually improve the overall quality of the project. The service

training enables environmental management personnel to distinguish major

environmental problems at construction stage and understand the problems and lack

in environmental management.

11.3.2Training for people in charge of each projects and construction workers

People in charge of each projects and construction workers shall receive systematic

training on professional environmental knowledge before the start of construction in

order to avoid damage to environment caused by misoperation during construction.


～ 214

The purpose of training to people in change of contract is to strengthen the right

operation mode during construction and operation period and to avoid unnecessary

damage to environment. The training to people in charge of each projects and training

of construction workers can be conducted by the director of production and

environmental protection center, whose major task is to explain the potential damage

of environment during construction, environmental protection measure taken in

construction period and the treatment method in case of environmental problems. The

training enables people in charge of each projects is able to understand his obligations

in environmental protection, and potential consequence of environmental damage.

The training enables construction workers to understand the degree and ways of

protection of environmentally sensitive points. The training period for construction

workers is one week according to the actual situation of this project.

11.3.3Worker training during operation period

Training on environmental protection knowledge shall be conducted regularly during

the operation of the programme to enable each staff to identify the potential problems

for his position and take necessary measures. Each staff shall have the concept of


11.3.4Training method and expense budget

No Trainee Training content Training

method

Number of

people

Budget

1 Management personnel

in project team

Knowledge on

environmental

management

Training in

factory

8 3 days, 2000 RMB

2 Management personnel

in project team

Visit related factory to

learn mature

experience on

environmental

management

Visit and

inspection

8 4 days, 15000

RMB

3 Other members in

project team

Measure on

environmental

management related to

projects

Training in

factory

10 1000 RMB

4 People in charge of

project and construction

workers

Knowledge on

environmental

protection and

environmental

management as well as

environmental

protection measures

Training in

factory

15 3 days, 2000 RMB


～ 215

5 construction workers Environmental

protection

Training in

factory

60 2 days, 6000 RMB

6 Operators after

completion of project

Knowledge on

environmental

protection and

environmental

management as well as

environmental

protection measures

Training in

factory

200 20000 RMB

11.4 Budget for environmental management plan

Table 11-2 the Budget for environmental management plan during

construction period

Item Budget for construction

period (10,000 yuan)

Source of

fund

Operation of environmental management

agency (including salary, administration and

transportation expense)

20

Water quality

monitoring

Laboratory analysis 15

Salary for sampling 20

Total for water

quality analysis

50

Air quality and noise

monitoring


Salary for sampling /

Total air and noise

monitoring

10

Other expanses on monitoring 5

Budget for supervisor 5

Operation of environmental protection

facilities

100

Total budget for construction period

235

Construction

fund


～ 216

Table 11-3 the Budget for environmental management plan during

operation period

Item Budget for operation

period (10,000 yuan/a)

Source of

fund

Operation of environmental management

agency (including salary, administration and

transportation expense)

20

Water quality

monitoring


Salary for sampling 20

Total for water

quality analysis

50

Air quality and noise

monitoring


Salary for sampling /

Total air and noise

monitoring

10

Other expanses on monitoring 5

Operation of environmental protection

facilities

100

Budget for training 15

Total budget for operation period 240

Self-

financing


～ 217

12. Analysis on the Compatibility with Related Industrial

Policies and Rationality of the Site Selection and Position

12.1 Compatibility with Related Industrial Policies and Planning

The Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry (GB3544-

2008) stipulates strict requirements to the AOX content in the pollutants discharged

from pulp and paper plants, the Benchmark discharge volume per unit product and the

quality of discharged water. According to above mention provisions, the new

technology of ECF is a kind of practical and mature technical choice for sustainable

development of pulp and paper industry. Eliminating conventional bleaching system

with elemental chlorine causing serious pollution and adopting ECF technology can

reduce yield of dioxins and sharply decrease the AOX index of the discharged

wastewater. The deep treatment of pulp and paper wastewater can significantly reduce

the discharge of pollutants and wastewater generated in the process of production,

which is according with related policies for environmental-friendly development.

12.1.1 Compatibility with the National Economy and Social Development Overall

Plan

The international financial crisis also exerts serious impact to the paper industry of

our country. Because the export of other industrial sectors is hindered, the market of

paper products including wrapping paper and newsprint paper that occupy a large

percentage of paper industry products are also shrinking. The drop of market demand

in Shanghai seriously affects the sales of paper products and also exerts impact to the

development of paper industry. In 2008, the total output of paper and paper board of

China’s paper industry amounted to 83.90 million ton, increasing 8.75% year on year.

In 2007, the year-on-year growth rate was 13.08%. In comparison with 2007, the

growth rate in 2008 saw a notable drop. Since the third season of 2007, the product

inventory has been increasing, enterprises closed one after another and the prices

dropping sharply. In light of the total output and consumption situation of machine-

made paper and paper board, supply has exceeded demand in paper industry, among

which the seriously impacted paper products are wrapping paper and newsprint paper,

but the production and marketing are still thriving for daily used disposable toilet

paper.

The total output of paper and paper board in our country was 30.50 million ton in

2000 and rose to 83.90 million ton by 2008. The output of wrapping paper was 12.50

million ton and rose to 37.50 million ton by 2008. The growth rate of wrapping paper

is obviously higher than that of the whole industry. In 2007, the output of wrapping

paper in our country accounted for 49.54% of the total output of the paper and

paperboard, 45.20 higher than the average percentage of the world. In 2007, the year-

on-year growth rate of wrapping paper output was 14.44%, while the growth rate of

consumption at the same period was 11.36%. The growth rate of output is obviously

higher than that of the consumption.

The impact of the financial crisis on the market of daily consumer goods including

disposable sanitary goods is not so serious. No matter how serious the world

economic recession would be, the demand for basic daily consumer goods would not

decrease and the financial crisis would not exert too serious impact on their expert

too. In 2008, most of the disposable sanitary goods made in china including those

produced by transnational corporation in China were sold in domestic market, so the


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market will still maintain a steady and rapid growth. For 20-plus years, the Chinese

market of disposable sanitary good has seen a rapid growth. The market scale in 2007

was about 40 billion yuan, accounting for about 10% of the world. The market scale

in 2008 is estimated about 45 billion yuan.

Along with enforcement of the “Paper Industry Development Policy” of the state,

enhancement of the state effort on energy conservation, emission reduction and

backward production capacity elimination and implementation of the new pollutant

emission standards for paper enterprises, government at different levels would devote

even more efforts to supervision, management and law enforcement on the paper

enterprises, and some paper making enterprises in irrational scales with high energy

and water consumption and over-limit emission would be eliminated. Such a situation

would provide a large market space for those paper making enterprises with potential

of development like this project.

As an environmental-friendly transformation project, this project will eliminate the

conventional EC bleaching system causing serious pollution, construct

environmental-friendly and energy-saving new production line with ECF bleaching

technology. This project is according with the industrial development policies of the

state and the general plan of national economy and social development.

12.1.2 Compatibility with Industrial Development Plan

Article 22 of “Paper Industry Development Policy” stipulates: “The technology of

paper industry should be developed to the direction of high level, low consumption

and less pollution. It should be encouraged to use high yield pulping technology,

biological technology, low pollution pulping technology, medium consistency

technology, ECF or total chlorine free bleaching technology and Mechanical pulping

technology …”. Article 23 of the policy stipulates: “Lime pulping technology should

not be used. New project should not use EC bleaching technology (the existing one

should be eliminated gradually). Backward second-hand pulp and paper equipment

should not be imported.” The Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and

Paper Industry (GB3544-2008) stipulates strict requirements to the AOX content in

the pollutants discharged from pulp and paper plants, the Benchmark discharge

volume per unit product and the quality of discharged water. According to above

provisions, Chlorine dioxide-based ECF technology is a kind of practical and mature

technical choice for the sustainable development of pulp and paper industry.

Comprehensively recycling white mud and coal ash and improving wastewater deep

treatment technology are according with the principle requirements of the “Paper

Industry Development Policy” on comprehensive recycling and cleaner production.

12.1.3 Compatibility with the “11th Five-Year Special Plan of Hu’nan Province Paper

Industrial Structure Adjustment”

According to the notice of the Economic Committee of Hu’nan Province ([2009]12)

about printing and issuing the “11th

Five-Year Special Plan of Hu’nan Province Paper

Industrial Structure Adjustment”, the guideline for paper industry restructuring in the

province is “to make overall plan for the development of the whole province’s paper

industry, develop capacity scientifically, regulate integrated inventory, encourage the

large projects and limit the small, help the excellent and eliminate the backward,

promote industrial upgrading and enlarge industrial scale, ensure our province to

realize the target of pollutant emission reduction in the 11th

Five-year Plan period,

devote much effort to develop energy-saving and environmental-friendly paper


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industry, realize coordination between paper industrial development and biological

environmental protection to promote sustainable economic and social development”.

Industrial scale: As shown in Table 12-1, the principle of the development plan for the

backbone pulp and paper enterprises of Hu’nan Province in the period from 2010 to

2015 is to promote combination and restructuring, give prominence to sources

integration and optimize industrial distribution. Therefore, this project is complaint

with the “11th

Five-Year Special Plan of Hu’nan Province Paper Industrial Structure

Adjustment”.

Table 12-1 Development Plan for the Backbone Pulp and Paper Enterprises of Hu’nan

Province in the Period From 2010 To 2015

S.

No.

Names of

Enterprises Pulp Varieties

Production

Capacity in

2010

(10,000t)

Production

Capacity in

2015

(10,000t)

Main Products

1

Yueyang Paper of

Tiger Forest &

Paper Group Co.,

Ltd.

chemical wood pulp,

reed pulp, chemical

mechanical pulp,

mechanical pulp, waste

paper pulp, commodity

wood pulp

80 130

news print paper,

light weight coated

paper, super

calendered paper,

paper board

2

Yuanjiang Paper of

Tiger Forest &

Paper Group Co.,

Ltd.

chemical wood pulp,

chemical reed pulp,

chemical mechanical

pulp, commodity wood

pulp

35 70

wood free paper,

carbonless copy base

paper, writing paper,

coated art paper

3

Changde Paper of

Tiger Forest &

Paper Group Co.,

Ltd.

dissolving pulp or

chemical mechanical

pulp

30 30

dissolving pulp or

chemical mechanical

pulp

4 Changde Heng’an

Paper commodity wood pulp 13 18

high-grade

household daily used

paper

5 Hu’nan Xueli Paper

Industry Co. Ltd.

chemical reed pulp,

commodity wood pulp 7 15

wood free paper,

copy paper

6 Jinbeishun Paper

Co., Ltd

chemical reed pulp,

chemical mechanical

pulp, commodity pulp

20 30 wood free paper,

copy paper

7

Hu’nan Linyuan

Paper Industrial

Co., Ltd.

chemical reed pulp,


wood free paper,

copy paper, sketch

paper

8

Hu’nan Changde

Paper Industrial

Co., Ltd.

chemical reed pulp,


wood free paper,

writing paper, static

copy paper

9

Yueyang Fengli

Paper Industrial

Co., Ltd.

chemical reed pulp,


cup paper,

decorative base

paper, wood free

paper, copy paper

10

Hu’nan Tuopu

Bamboo & Ramie

Industrial Co., Ltd.

(reorganized from

bamboo/cotton/ramie

pulp,

bamboo/cotton/ramie

fiber

10 20

bamboo/cotton/ramie

pulp,

bamboo/cotton/ramie

fiber


～ 220

S.

No.

Names of

Enterprises Pulp Varieties

Production

Capacity in

2010

(10,000t)

Production

Capacity in

2015

(10,000t)

Main Products

Hu’nan Building

Material Paper

Plant)

11

Hu’nan Tianjie

Paper Company

(reorganized from

Anxiang Xiantou

Paper Co., Ltd

chemical reed pulp,


wood free paper,

writing paper, static

copy paper

12 Golden Sun Paper

Industrial Co., Ltd.

chemical reed pulp,

chemical mechanical

pulp, commodity wood

pulp

15 30 art paper, base paper

for diazotype

13

Hu’nan Zhongye

Meilong Paper

Industrial Col, Ltd.

(former Changde

Tianhong Paper)

chemical reed pulp,


writing paper, art

paper, static copy

paper

12.2 Environment State and Environmental Impact of the Project

All the contents of SO2, TSP and NO2 in the atmospheric environment at the

monitoring spots in the assessment area meet the second grade standard defined by

the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996). All the factors monitored at the

monitoring sections of the pollutant receiving water body of the Yangtze River meet

the requirement of Class-II standard defined by GB3838-2002.

As predicted, the impact of the proposed project on the local water environment

would be light. Within the limit of the environmental capacity, the noise can be kept

within the standard and the solid wastes can be stacked safely after treatment.

In summary, the site of the proposed project meets local land-use planning. The traffic

is convenient. The water and power supply facilities are complete. The geological

conditions are all right. Under normal operation state after the project completed, the

water environmental quality, ambient air quality and acoustic environmental quality

can meet the requirements of local environmental function district. In general, under

the condition that the constructor earnestly implements the environmental protection

measures, keeps normal operation, enhances management and ensures standardized

emission and total amount control of the “three wastes”, this construction project is

feasible.

12.3 Analysis on the Rationality of the Plain Layout

As a project of technological transformation, the plain layout not only gives

consideration to the land-use area of the existing production lines but also that of the

new production line. This project will build up a continuous cooking section for the

new chemical reed pulp plant at the space preserved in last phase. The mechanical

workshop will be demolished and the general assembly workshop will reserved for

the construction of chemical reed pulp workshop. The former mechanical pulp

workshop will be demolished for the construction of oxygen station and chlorine

dioxide workshop. The plain layout meets the requirements of production process and

material movement, making the logistic path of the raw materials and finished


～ 221

products short and smooth, not only giving consideration to the contact with the old

plant but also minimizing the impact on the production of the old plant in the process

of construction.

The environmental assessment shows that the plain layout of the proposed project is

reasonable.


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13. Conclusion and Suggestions

13.1 Survey of the Project

Yueyang Forest & Paper Industrial Co., Ltd. (YYP) will transform the bleaching

system of current chemical reed pulp workshop, eliminate current chlorine bleaching

production line and transform CEH bleaching system as ECF bleaching system. This

technological transformation will sharply reduce the organic substances in the pulp

bleaching wastewater and help the company develop to the direction of high standard,

low consumption and less pollution. The purpose of the project construction is to

prevent and reduce pollutants generation from the original sources, reduce outside

control and production cost and realize cleaner production.

13.2 Analysis on the project

13.2.1 Existing Project

At present, YYP has a pulping system with capacity of 570,000t/a and a paper making

system with capacity of 800,000t/a fitted with thermal power plant, alkali recovery

furnace, lime kiln and specialized dock etc. The pollution sources of the existing

project mainly include the pulp making wastewater and the exhaust gas discharged

from the thermal power plant, alkali recovery furnace and lime kiln etc.

At present, the wastewater flow of the main waterspout is 32.29 million m3/a, and

CODcr2563.6t/a. The pollutant emissions of existing 6 boilers and 2 alkali furnaces

meet the requirement of standardized emission, including 1491.8t/a of SO2 and

264.87t/a of flue gas.

13.2.2 Technological Transformation

The main purpose of this project is to make technological transform on the bleaching

section of the chemical reed pulp workshop. As the project analysis shows, the

discharge volume of the chemical reed pulp workshop will be 8799m3/d, 6651 m

3/d

less than that before the transformation. All the wastewater will be treated in the

wastewater treatment plant. The discharge of treated water will meet the standard

stipulated for paper industry by the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp

and Paper Industry (GB3544-2008). The wastewater treated according to the standard

will be discharged into the Dongting Lake through sewage pipeline. The annual

discharge volume of CODcr will be 286.4t.

After transformation, the wastewater treatment plant will produce 20,200t/a, which

will be used as fuel of boilers. At the same time, the project will generate 4332t/a of

mirabilite, all of which will recycled by the alkali recovery workshop.

The noise intensity of the new equipment added to the proposed project will be 70-

110 dB.

13.3 State of the Environment

1. Ambient air

Three ambient air monitoring spots will be set for 24x7 monitoring. The hour and

daily average concentration of SO2 NO2 at the monitoring spots meets the second

grade stipulated by the “Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996)” . The hour


～ 223

and daily average concentration of PM10 and TSP exceeds the standard by 0.55 and

0.06 times. The main causes of the exceeding include dry weather, closeness to

highway and traffic flying dust.

NH3 at the monitoring spots does not exceed the standard and keeps within the limit

to harmful substances content in the atmosphere in residential area stipulated by the

“Hygienic Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprises”.

2. Surface water

Four water quality monitoring section are set for the wastewater receiving water body

of the Yangtze River. All the factors monitored meet the Class III water quality

standard stipulated by GB3838-2002.

3. Acoustic environment

Ten noise monitoring spots are set around the boundary. The day and night noise

value monitored at the boundary meet the Class II standard limit defined by the

“Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary GB12348-

2008 ”.

13.4 Environmental feasibility Analysis on the Project Construction

13.4.1 Analysis on the Compatibility with Industrial Policies

The project construction is compatible with the “10th

-Five-Year and 2010 Special

Plan of National Forest-Paper Integrated Engineering Construction”, the “Directory of

the National Industrial Structure Adjustment (Edition of 2011)”, the “Paper Industry

Development Policy” and the “11th

-Five-Year Special Plan of Hu’nan Province Paper

Industrial Structure Adjustment”

13.4.2 Feasibility Analysis on Site Selection

The site of the proposed project meets local land-use planning. The traffic is

convenient. The water and power supply facilities are complete. The geological

conditions are all right. Under normal operation state after the project completed, the

water environmental quality, ambient air quality and acoustic environmental quality

can meet the requirements of local environmental function district. In general, under

the condition that the constructor earnestly implement the environmental protection

measures, keeps normal operation, enhances management and ensures standardized

emission and total amount control of the “three wastes”, the site selection of the

construction project is feasible.

13.4.3 Capacity of Cleaner Production

After completed, this technological transformation project can make COD and BOD5

meet the requirements of the “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines for Paper

Industry” for wastewater management. AOX, total phosphor and total nitrogen

emission per ton of pulp can not meet the wastewater management requirement of the

Guidelines. All other indexes will meet the requirements of the Guidelines. The

emission of wastewater and total nitrogen would drop remarkably after the

transformation. The wastewater discharge per ton of pulp would meet the discharge

requirement of Table 2 of “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper

Industry (GB3544-2008) (the yield of bleached non-wood pulp exceeds 60% of the

total consumption of the enterprise and the benchmark water discharge per unit of

product will be 60t/t (pulp). After the wastewater generated in production is treated in


～ 224

the wastewater treatment system, the emission concentration of all kinds of pollutants

will meet the requirement of Table 2 of Discharge Standard (GB3544-2008). The

assessment requires the paper plant to enhance management to make wastewater

discharge meet the requirements of wastewater management guidelines for pulp and

paper plants.

13.4.4 Reliability of Standardized Emission

All the exhaust gas, wastewater and noise generated by the project can meet the

requirements of standardized emission, and the solid wastes can be disposed

effectively.

13.4.5 Total Amount Control of Pollutant Emission and Sources of Indexes

After the project completed, the emissions of major pollutants of YYP will be

SO21491.8t/a and CODCr2379.1t/a respectively. In comparison with the standardized

emission of the existing plant, COD will decrease. The emission of major pollutants

would meet 2010 index of total amount control of SO21500t/a and CODCr6200t/a

stipulated for the company by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

The index of NOx, 1342.4 t/a, the index of NH3-N, 216.1 t/a,suggested in the

assessment is confirmed by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

13.4.6 Conclusion of Environmental Impact Prediction

1. Surface water

(a) After the project completed, wastewater discharge of the whole plant will

be reduced in comparison with the existing one. The COD at a distance of

8500m will reduce 0.038 mg/l and BOD at a distance of 8500 will reduce

0.008mg/l.

(b) If the wastewater treatment plant breaks down, accidental discharge of

wastewater would bring about greater influence to the BOD5 of the

Yangtze River and an about 100x10m BOD5 pollution area would be

formed at the downstream of the outlet.

(c) After the wastewater of the project discharged in to the Yangtze River, the

largest contribution value of AOX would be 0.010mg/L. After completely

mixed, the predicted AOX concentration would be 0.000005mg/L. In

normal discharge of the wastewater, the AOX would not exert serious

impact to the Aquatic organisms in the Yangtze River.

2. Acoustic environment

When the proposed project put into operation, the boundary noise value at daytime

and night would meet the Class III standard defined by the “Emission Standard for

Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary” GB12348-2008

13.4.7 Public Participation

Two times of the public participation investigation adopted 3 forms – online publicity,

posting bulletin and issuing public participation questionnaires. All the investigated

public support the project. The assessment accepted public participants’ suggestions

and reasonable requirements. They expect the constructor to pay attention to the

public opinion, enhance environmental management, ensure standardized emission of

the pollutants, improve risk prevention measures, reduce impact of the production


～ 225

process on the environment and do well residents’ demolition resettlement and job

placement.

13.5 Conclusion on the Overall Assessment

According with related industrial policies and plans of the state and adopting

advanced technologies and equipment, the technological transformation project for

cleaner production of the chemical pulp bleaching system of Yueyang Forest & Paper

Co., Ltd elevate comprehensive utilization of sources and energy and cleaner

production capacity of the enterprise. After the project completed, the water

environmental quality, ambient air quality and acoustic environment in the assessment

area would meet the requirements of environmental function district. Therefore, under

the condition of standardized emission and total amount control, the project

construction is feasible in view of environmental protection.

13.6 Recommendations

1. Try the best to use low-sulfur coal so as to reduce SO2 emission.

2. Intensify clean drainage utilization in material preparation and ash

humidifying.

3. Make environmental protection funds available in the process of

construction to ensure the “three at-the-same-time” performed smoothly.

4. Local environmental protection department should timely master the state

of “three wastes” treatment facilities in light of the progress of construction, report to

the competent environmental protection department at higher level and provide

feedback to the constructor at the same time.


～ 226

Map 1: Location of the Project Site


～ 227

Map 2: Surface Water Quality Sampling Sites


～ 228

Map 3: Environmental Sensitive Sites


～ 229