cho vay kinh doanh và định giá cho vay kinh doanh (nhóm 7)

LOGO

Cho vay kinh doanh v nh gi cho vay kinh doanh

Nhm 7

www.themegallery.com

Thnh vin nhm 7 Thnh vin: Khut Th Thn Bi Th Phng

* Trnh by: Phm Phng Linh L Th Nhung

L Th Nhung Phm Phng Linh H Minh Ngc Nguyn Hng Hoa Hong Thu H Trn L Quyn

Company Logo


Phn 1: Cho vay kinh doanh

Phn 2: nh gi cho vay kinh doanh

Company Logo


Phn 1Phn 1: Cho vay kinh doanh

Phn loiPhn tch n xin vay

Company Logo


Phn loi cho vay kinh doanh

Cc khon cho vay kinh doanh ngn hn

Cc khon cho vay kinh doanh di hn

Company Logo



Cc khon cho vay kinh doanh ngn hn

Company Logo


1. Cho vay mua hng d trHnh thc: T thanh ton (selfliquidating loans)

Mc ch: Ti tr cho vic mua hng d tr (nguyn liu th, hng ha)Chu k tin mt: Tin mt c chi dng mua d tr nguyn vt liu v bn thnh phm hoc thnh phm Hng ha c sn xut hoc d tr bn

-

Hng bnTin mt thu v K hn: Mt vi tun hoc mt vi thngCompany Logo


2. Cho vay vn lu ng (working capital loans)

- Mc ch: Thng c dng mua hng d tr hoc mua

nguyn vt liu (ng sn xut v nhu cu tn dng trong cc thik quan im ca chu k kinh doanh) Gn ging vi cc khon cho vay t thanh ton - K hn: Vi ngy n 1 nm - c bo m bng cc khon phi thu hoc c th chp bng hng tn kho v khch hng s phi chu li sut th ni trn lng tin vay thc t h s dng - Ngn hng thng yu cu khch hng phi c s d tin gi

Company Logo


3. Cho vay ngn hn cc cng trnh xy dng- L hnh thc cho vay c bo m

ph bin trong NHTM- Mc ch: H tr cc cng trnh xy dng nh , vn phng

- Mc d thi gian xy dng ko dinhng cc khon cho vay ch mang tnh tm thi.

- Ch khi cng ty xy dng chc chn c c 1 cam kt cho vay th chp tip tc ti tr di hn cho d n sau khi kt thc giai on xy dng th NHTM mi thc hin cc khon cho vay ngn hn.Company Logo


4. Cho vay kinh doanh chng khon(Security dealer financing)

-

Mc ch: H tr vn ngn hn

mua CK mi v duy tr danh mcu t CK hin c cho n khi cc CK ny c bn hoc n hn thanh ton Khon cho vay c cht lng cao K hn: Rt ngn (vay qua m hoc vi ngy) Mt s hnh thc tn dng ngn hng khc thuc loi ny: Cho vay i vi cc t chc ngn hng u t Cho vay trc tip i vi cc t chc v c nhnCompany Logo


5. Cho vay kinh doanh bn l

(Retailes financing)

-

H tr ngi tiu dng trong vic mua tr gp xe my, dng gia nh bng cch ti tr cho cc khon phi thu m ngi bn nhng hng ha ny s nhn c sau khi k hp ng bn hng tr gp. NH c th ti tr ton b d tr tn kho trng qua vic xc nh k hoch sn i vi nhng ngi kinh doanh moto, tv v cc hng ha lu bn khc. (K hn: 90 ngy v c th c ti gia hn 1 thng hay vi thng)

-

-

Hp ng k hoach sn thng bao gm mt khon d phng tn tht tn dng, tch ly t cc khon li thu c sau khi ngi vay tr tin.Company Logo


6. Cho vay trn ti sn(Asset-based financing)

-

Ngy cng chim t trng ln trong tng cho vay ngn hn

-

TS ch yu c dng bo m cho cc khon vay bao gm cckhon phi thu, nguyn vt liu, thnh phm tn kho

-

NH cho vay theo 1 t l phn trm nht nh trn gi tr ghi s ca ti khon tin bng 70% khon phi thu trn ti khon thanh ton vng lai ca doanh nghip

-

i vi hu ht nhng khon cho vay c th chp bng cc khon thu hay hng tn kho, doanh nghip i vay vn c quyn s hu i vi TS

Company Logo



Cc khon cho vay kinh doanh di hn

Company Logo


1. Cho vay kinh doanh di hn Khi nim : Dng ti tr cho nhng hot ng u t trung v di hn ko di hn 1 nm.

c im : Cc khon cho vay k hn s c tr dn v thanh ton trn c s dng thu nhp tng lai ca hng. 1.Trnh qun l ca hng Thng thng cc khon lng h thng k bo m bng ti sn c 2.Cht vay k hn c ton v kim ton 3.Hng c vay v r rng tnh hnh ti c nh hoc nh thuc s hu ca ngitrnh byc th chu li sut chnh ca mnh cho ngn hng hay khng th ni. 4.C sn lng ng s khng th chp ti sn hay khng Do ri ro ln , li sut trong trng hp ny thng cao hn cc khon vay KD ngn5.C phi i mt vs ri ro cng ngh hay khng hn. 6.Khong thi gian trc khi d n c li nhun nh gi yu cu vay KD cu th trng hng phi xem xt cc yu 7.Nhu di hn , ngn 8.Trng thi ti sn rng ca hng t sau:Company Logo


2.Cho vay lun chuyn

Khi nim : L mt khon tn dng lun chuyn cho php khch

1.Linh hot nht hng KD c th vay ti mt mc ti a xc nh trc, hon tr ton ti sn no 3.Thi hn c th l ngn hn hoc c th ko di c im: 3, 4 hoc 5 nm 4.p dng nhiu khi khch hng khng chc v Tc dng: gim mc bin ng trong chu k KD, cho php hng thi gian cc lung tin mt.khi hp ng tn dng ht hn. vay thm tin mt trong lc kh khn v cho php hon tr khi ngun thu tng. Phn loi 2 loi: cam kt vay vn chnh thc v hn mc tn dng bo m. ( Hin nay, c 1 loi hnh tn dng lun chuyn mi v xut hin thng qua vic s dng th tn dng )Company Logo

2.NH vay v khng vay khi c nh cu cho n b hoc 1 phn khon thngtip tc i hi m bo bng bt c


3.Cho vay di hn (cho vay d n)

Khi nim : L cc khon tn dng ti tr cho vic xy dng nhng

1.Quy m vn ln thng cn ti vi t ti sn c nh c d tnh s mang li thu nhp trong tng lai. USD c im : mc ri ro cao2.Cc d n c cp vn c th b nht. hon do iu kin thi tit hoc ko Cc ri ro ln c lin quan: vt liu xy dng . 3.Quy nh cho vay s tin hnh tham Do quy m v mc ri ro ln nn victi cc vng i hi s hot ng xy dng c th thay i theo gia ca 1 t chc ti chnh. Cc khon cho vay d nhoc tng chi hng xu lm nh tr c th chp nhn da trn s bo lnh , theod n ph ngi cho vay c th khi phc 4.Li sut thay i n khng n vic vn t nhng t chc thc hin bo lnh nu dgy bt li tr c thu hi vn.n theo k hoch nh.

Company Logo


4.Cho vay h tr hot ng mua li cng ty Khi nim : Loi tn dng h tr vic mua li ng ch nht l LBOs. Mt nhm nh cc nh u t m ng u l cc nh qun l ca cng ty tin hnh mua li cng ty v h tin rng n b nh gi thp trn th trng.

LBOs thng c tin hnh bi 1 lot nhng nh u t lc quan , nhng ngi sn sng chp nhn t l vay n ln vi nim tin rng doanh thu c th tng cao hn chi ph vay n nh vo vic qun l tt. FED rt lo lng v nhng ri ro ca LBOs c bit l vn : cc hng tin hnh hot ng mua li trn c s vay n qu nhiu, c th s ko tr c n nu nn kinh t i vo thi k suy thoi hoc li sut tng. Company Logo


Phn tch n xin vay vn kinh doanh

Company Logo

LOGO

Phn tch n xin vay vn kinh doanh

- Trong khon cho vay cc hng kinh doanh, ngn hng lun c gng hn ch sai lm mc thp nht. - Hu ht hot ng cho vay kinh doanh, ngn hng ch thu c 1USD ( bao gm c thu) t 100 USD tin vay sau khi tr tt c cc chi ph. y l mt t s phn thng ri ro thp.

Phn tch n xin vay vn kinh doanhNhng ngun ph bin dng thanh ton cc khon vay kinh doanh : Li nhun hay lung tin mt ca hng kinh doanh. Ti sn m hng kinh doanh th chp cho khon vay Mt bng cn i k ton lnh mnh vi mt s lng ln ti sn c tnh thanh khon cao kt hp vi s vng mnh ca vn ch s hu. Cc hnh thc bo lnh bng ti sn c nhn ca ch hng h tr khon vay kinh doanh.Company Logo


Phn tch n xin vay vn kinh doanhPhn tch bo co ti chnh ca doanh nghip xin vay. Vic phn tch bt u khi phng tn dng ca NH chun b bn phn tch v s thay i trong cc s liu ti chnh quan trng ca DN theo thi gian S liu trong BCTC bao gm c s tuyetj i theo USD, cc t l % trn tng TS, t l % trn tng doanh thu


Company Logo

Phn tch n xin vay vn kinh doanh T l % loi b s khc nhau v quy m ca hng, cho php cn b


tn dng c th so snh mt khch hng no vi cc hng khc vvi ton nghnh Cc t s ch yu trong phn tch bo co ti chnh mt hng kinh

doanh bao gm: - T l c cu ca TS: tin mt, CKNH, hng tn kho, gi tr cn li ca TSC

T l % c cu cu n phi tr & VCSH: cc khon phi tr, n NH Cc t l c cu ca tng doanh thu: chi ph bn hng, thu nhp sau thu, thu thu nhp, chi ph bn hngCompany Logo

Phn tch n xin vay vn kinh doanh Vic phn tch s thay i ca cc t l ny gip xc nh c


nhng vn ang pht sinh nhm bo v cc khon cho vayca ngn hng. VD: vic suy gim gi tr ca nhng ti sn c th c dng

th chp vay vn hoc kh nng xin vay suy gim

Company Logo


Phn tch bo co ti chnh ca khch hng theo cc t l ti chnh

Company Logo


Thng qua la chn cc khon mc t Bng CKT v Bng BCTN ca ngi i vay, cn b tn dng c th thy r nhng vn quan trng trong cho vay kinh doanh

Kh nng kim sot chi ph ca ngi vay Mc hot ng hiu qu ca ngi vay Kh nng tiu th sn phm ca hng Kh nng trang tri cc chi ph ti chnh Kh nng thanh ton

Tnh hnh bin ng v kh nng sinh li v thu nhp Quy m n n by Nhng khon phi tr bt thng.Company Logo


Hot ng kim sot chi ph ca hng kinh doanh

Cc t l ti chnh c gii phn tch tn dng xem xt nh gi chng trnh kim sot chi ph ca mt hng bao gm: tin cng v tin lng/ doanh thu thun chi ph hnh chnh/ doanh thu thun chi ph khu hao/ doanh thu thun chi ph tr li tin vay/doanh thu thun gi vn hng bn/ doanh thu thun chi ph hng bn/ doanh thu thun chi ph bn hng, chi ph qun l, chi ph khc/ doanh thu thun cc khon thu/ doanh thu thunCompany Logo


Hiu qu hot ng

Hiu qu hot ng: thc o mc hon ho trong hot ng ca hng kinh doanh nh gi hng s dng ti sn hiu qu nh th no, cc t l ti chnh quan trng l:

gi vn hng bn trong nm/ lng hng tn kho bnh qundoanh thu thun/ gi tr cn li ca ti sn c nh doanh thu thun/ gi tr tng ti sn

doanh thu thun/ cc khon phi thuk n trung bnh= cc khon phi thu/ doanh thu bn chu hng nm

Company Logo


Kh nng tiu th i vi sn phm ca doanh nghip

Mt vi yu t gip ngn hng xc nh mc chp nhn ca th trng i vi sn phm ca hng:

t l li nhun gp cn bin GPM

GPM = (doanh thu thun - gi vn hng bn) / doanh thu thun

li nhun cn bin NPM

NPM = thu nhp sau thu / doanh thu thun.

Company Logo


Cc t l hon tr

Cc t l hon tr: o lng mc thu nhp hp l ca thu nhp Hon tr phn nh s bo v i vi cc ch n trn c s cc khon thu ca hng. Cc t l hon tr thng dng gm: T l hon tr li = thu nhp trc li v thu / li phi tr T l hon tr li v gc = thu nhp trc li v thu/ [phn tr li + phn tr gc / ( 1- t l thu thu nhp)]

T l hon tr cc khon c nh = thu nhp trc li, thu,v tin thu / ( phn tr li + tin thu)Company Logo


Cc ch s v kh nng thanh ton ca hng kinh doanh Trng thi thanh ton ca ngi i vay phn nh khn nng tng vic tng tin mt cch kp thi khi cn vi chi ph hp l Cc thc o thanh khon thng dng: T l lu hot = cc ti sn lu ng / cc khon n ngn hn. T l thanh ton nhanh = (cc ti sn lu ng - hng tn kho) / cc khon n phi tr ngn hn TS lu ng rng = ti sn lu ng - nguyn vt liu v hng tn kho- cc khon n ngn hn Vn lu ng rng = ti sn lu ng - cc khon n ngn hn.

Company Logo


Cc thc o kh nng sinh li

Thu nhp trc thu/ tng ti sn Thu nhp trc thu/ vn c phn

Thu nhp sau thu/ tng ti sn Thu nhp sau thu/ vn c phn

Company Logo


n by ti chnh

n by ti chnh: mt phong v biu v cu trc vn ca hng kinh doanh n by ti chnh cp vi vic s dng n vi hy vng ngi vay tin c th to ra cc khon thu nhp ln hn chi ph, do lm

tng thu nhp tim nng cho c ng. Cc t l: t s n by= tng n phi tr/ tng ti sn

t s t bn ha= n di hn/ Tng n di hn v vn chs hu

t s n trn doanh thu= tng n phi tr/ doanh thu thun.Company Logo


Cc khon phi tr bt thng

Company Logo


Cc khon phi tr bt thngPhn loi: cc khon bo hnh v bo m cho sn phm ca hng cc v kin hoc t tng cha gii quyt cc khon n lng hu m hng s phi tr trong tng lai

thu cha np nhng quy nh hn ch

Cc khon phi tr bt thng ny c th chuyn thnh cc quyn i hithc s i vi hng, lm gim cc qu hin c dnh cho tr n

cc khon phi tr lin quan ti mi trngCompany Logo


Bo co ngun vn v s dng vn ca hng kinh doanh

Company Logo


Bo co ngun vn v s dng vn ca hng kinh doanh

Cung cp nhng thng tin quan trng v s thay i trong tnh hnh ti chnh ca hng, cho bit hng ti tr cho cc hot ng v phn b vn huy ng nh th no

Bo co bao gm cc phn:

Company Logo


Thay i v ti sn Thay i trong khon mc tin mt Thay i trong cc khon phi thu

Thay i v n v vn ch s hu Thay i trong cc khon phi tr Thay i trong cc khon n ngn hn khc(bao gm c cc khon vay ngn hn ngn hng) Thay i trong cc khon n di hn(bao gm c cc khon vay di han ngn hng) Thay i v vn ch s hu =S dng vn ca ngn hng =Cc ngun vn ca hng =Cc ngun vn ca hng =S dng vn ca hng

Thay i trong hng tn kho Thay i trong TSC(gi tr cn li) Quy m tng ti sn Quy m gim ti sn Quy m tng cc khon n v vn ch s hu Gim cc khon n v vn ch s hu

Company Logo


Phn 2Phn 2 : nh gi cho vay kinh doanh

Cc phng php nh gi: Phng php nh gi tng hp chi ph Phng php nh gi theo li sut c s Phng php nh gi di c s Phng php nh gi Chi ph Li ch

Company Logo


Phng php nh gi tng hp chi ph

M hnh nh gi n gin nht:Li sut = Chi ph cn bin huy ng vn cho vay + Chi ph hot ng + Phn b ri ro + Mc li nhun cn bin d tnh

Mi thnh phn c th c tnh theo t l % bnh qun nmso vi quy m ca khon cho vay.

Company Logo


Phng php nh gi theo li sut c s Do nhng gii hn ca phng php tng hp chi ph, ngi ta a ra m hnh nh gi theo li sut c s v c ng dng ph bin na th k trc. Trong thi k ny, li sut c s c xem nh l li sut thp nht ngn hang p dng trn cc khon cho vay ngn hn. Cng thc tnh li sut i vi tng mn cho vay: Li sut cho vay = Li sut c s (gm li nhun cn bin, chi ph qun l v hot ng) + Phn b ri ro tn dng + Phn b ri ro k hn = Li sut c s + Chi ph tng thmCompany Logo


Phng php nh gi di c s Ra i: 1980s. Do s cnh tranh mnh m ca cc ngn hng

ln trc s pht trin ca th trng giy t c gi.

c im: Cho vay vi li sut st vi chi ph huy ng th trng Li sut cho vay thp hn li sut c s 1% hoc hn 1% Gim vai tr quan trng ca li sut c s trong qu trnh nh gi cc khon vay kinh doanh.

Company Logo


Th trng cho vay kinh doanh 2 tng

Li sut c s

Cc khon vay va v nh

Li sut Cc khon di c vay c gi tr ln sCompany Logo


Th trng cho vay kinh doanh 2 tng Mc ch:chuyn 1 phn khon tn dng cho cc ngn hng c chi ph huy ng vn thp hn

khuyn khch hot ng cho vay d phn

em li thu nhp v ph

Company Logo


Phng php nh gi Chi ph Li ch

L mt h thng nh gi tinh vi, xc nh kh nng ngn hng c th b p c ton b chi ph v ri ro lin quan hay khng. Cc bc nh gi Phn tch kh nng sinh li t khch hng

Company Logo


Phng php nh gi Chi ph Li ch

Cc bc nh gi

1. D tnh tng thu t liD tnh tng thu t li khi p dng cc khon li sut khc nhau v tng thu t nhng khon ph khc.

2. D tnh tng qu cho vay (total loanable funds)D tnh tng qu cho vay m ngn hng phi thc hin, sau khi tr nhng khon tin gi ti ngn hng v nhng khon d tr bt buc theo yu cu ca Cc d tr Lin bang

3. D tnh li nhun trc thu t khon vayThu nhp d tnh / tng qu cho vay m khch hng thc t s dngCompany Logo


Phn tch kh nng sinh li t khch hng (customer profitability analysis) - CPA Gi nh: ngn hng nn xem xt ton b quan h khch hng khi tnh ton gi c ca mi khon cho vay. Tp trung vo t l thu nhp nhn c t khch hng trong tng th cc mi quan h:Thu t cho vay v cc dch v khc cung cp cho khch hng Chi ph cho vay v cung cp cc dch v khc cho khch hng

T l thu nhp trc thu ca ngn hng xc nh trn tng th cc = mi quan h khch hng

-

Gi tr cho vay rng

Company Logo


Phn tch kh nng sinh li t khch hng (customer profitability analysis) - CPA Thu t khch hng: li tin vay, cc khon ph cam kt, ph cho dch v qun l tin v cho cc hot ng x l d liu. Chi ph ngn hng gnh chu: tin cng v lng cho nhn vin ngn hng, chi ph thm nh tn dng, li trn cc khon vn huy ng, chi ph lin quan n vic qun l ti khon (tp hp v ghi chp cc khon tin gi, vay, sc chi tr v cc dch v bo qun ct gi).

Gi tr cho vay rng: ton b gi tr lng tn dng m khch hngs dng tr s d b bnh qun ca khch hng

Company Logo

Phn tch kh nng sinh li t khch hng (customer profitability analysis) - CPA


Tch cc (positive)>0 T l thu nhp trc thu ca ngn hng xc nh trn tng th cc mi quan h khch hng

Ngn hng s c c mt khon thu nhp sau khi khu tr chi ph b ra.

Chp nhn yu cu vay vn.

Tiu cc (negative)

T chi yu cu vay vn Tng li sut cho vay. Xem xt duy tr mi quan h trn c s li nhun. Tng chi ph cho cc dch v m khch hng yu Company Logo cu.

cho vay kinh doanh và định giá cho vay kinh doanh (nhóm 7)

Documents