Harun Kiani 2/16/15APES CHP.18 Outline

I. Chapter 18A. Habitat loss 1. Deforestation for agriculture, making roads, or homes.2. Terrestrial and marine: Human impacts such as global warming and pollution3. Effects of reduced habitat sizesa. A species may decline in abundance or become extinct even without complete habitat destruction.b. Smaller habitats can also cause increased interactions among harmful species.B. Alien species 1. Native species are species that live in their historical range, typically where they have lived for thousands of years. Alien species(exotic), are species that live outside their historical range. 2. Examples of how alien species are transported.a. Humans purposely moved animals from place to place.b. Accidentally when animals move into shipping containers or ships.3. Invasive species- when alien species spread rapidly across large areas.a. Kudzu b. Zebra mussel c. Silver carpC. Overharvesting1. A species is overharvested when individuals are removed at a faster rate than the population can replace them. 2. Examplesa. American bison b. Passenger pigeon 3. Lacey Act-prohibited the transport of illegally harvested game animals.4. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Floraa. Red List- threatened species

D. Pollution1. Containment can kill organisms or do non lethal effects such as preventing reproduction E. Climate change1. In some regions a species may adapt to changing climate, but others cannot.F. Conservation Legislation1. CITIES- authorizes the U.S. Fisha nd Wildlife Service to determine which species can be listed as threatened or endangered and prohibits the harming of such species.2. ESA(Endangered Species Act)- restricts certain human activites in areas where listed species live.G. Biosphere Reserves 1. Are protected areas consisting of zones that vary in the amount of permissible human impact.

Chapter Review: 1. e2. b3. e4. d5. a6. c7.b8.d9. a10.b