civil war advantages/disadvantages union (north) advantages larger population more industry more...
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CIVIL WARADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
UNION (NORTH)
ADVANTAGES•Larger population•More industry•More resources•Organized banking system•More railroad mileage•Abraham Lincoln•More ships
DISADVANTAGES•Faced hostile people•Southern territory unfamiliar
CIVIL WARADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
CONFEDERACY (SOUTH)
ADVANTAGES•Strong popular support•Familiar territory•Superior military leadership•Men more experienced with shooting and outdoors
DISADVANTAGES•Smaller population•Few factories•Less food production•Fewer railroad miles•Fewer ships
CIVIL WARSTRATEGIES
UNION (NORTH)
The Anaconda Plan1. Blockade Southern ports to stop
import of supplies2. Split the Confederacy by gaining
control of the Mississippi River3. Capture Richmond, the
Confederatecapital
CIVIL WARSTRATEGIES
CONFEDERACY (SOUTH)
1. Get Britain to pressureNorth to end blockade and restore supplies
2. Defend homeland until North tired of fighting
3. Capture Washington, D.C.
GOAL: RECOGNITION AS AN INDEPENDENT NATION
CIVIL WARBATTLES, 1861
1st BATTLE OF MANASSAS/BULL RUN (Virginia)July 21, 1861
- Northerners expected a quick victory and an early end to the war.- Residents of Washington, D.C. came out to watch- Confederates won the battle- General Thomas Jackson earned the title “Stonewall Jackson at this battle
CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1862
BATTLE OF THE MONITOR AND MERRIMACMarch 9, 1862 (Virginia)
New naval warships called ironclads (covered in metal rather than just wood) battled head to head near the Chesapeake Bay. This battle ended in a draw (tie).
CIVIL WARBATTLES, 1862
McClellan lost command of Union army. Lincoln gives him command of smaller unit to go after Richmond. This was a lost cause by August.
PENINSULA CAMPAIGN: MARCH 1862 (VIRGINIA)
CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1862
Shiloh: April 6, 1862 (Tennessee)
The Union found hope in the work of a little known general named Ulysses Grant, who took control of Tennessee. This was the bloodiest US battle up to that day: -- 1,735 Union dead -- 7,882 Union wounded -- 1,728 Confederate dead -- 8,012 Confederate wounded
• Union forces captured New Orleans, an important port at the mouth of the Mississippi River.
• Benjamin Butler began taking slaves as refugees and called them “Contraband”.
CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1862
New Orleans: April 25, 1862 (Louisiana)
CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1862
2nd Battle of Bull Run (Virginia)August 29-30, 1862
Stonewall Jackson and Robert E Lee are making things embarrassing for President Lincoln. After the failure of the Peninsula Campaign, the Rebels force the Union boys to retreat once again at Bull Run.
CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1862
ANTIETAM (Maryland)September 17, 1862
- Bloodiest single day of battle in America’s history -- 2,010 Union dead -- 9,416 Union wounded -- 1,512 Confederate dead -- 7,816 Confederate wounded- Confederate defeat which prevented Gen. Lee from convincing Britain to support the South
CIVIL WAREMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
January 1, 1863
- Freed only the slaves in the “rebellious” states BUT any places that Union troops took over gave protection to slave refugees. - Political move on the part of Abraham Lincoln when he was concerned the North was tiring of war.- Gave the North a new purpose to continue the war- Britain decided to withhold recognition of the Confederacy
CIVIL WAR PROBLEMS BY 1863
SOUTH
• Enlistments declined• Draft law drew names of men 18-35 to serve for 3 years
• could hire a substitute• Bombing raids caused people to have to leave their homes• Blockade caused imported goods to disappear• Crops were destroyed, railroads were torn apart• Clothing wore out and could not be replaced
NORTH
• “Peace Democrats” (also called “Copperheads”) favored a truce with the Confederacy• Enlistments declined
• Bounties offered – failed• Draft law drew names of men 20-45• Could buy out of it for $300
• Draft riots took place in New York City in July, 1863