Slide 1

Civil War and Reconstruction SS8H6 b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War, Include Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgias coast, Shermans Atlanta Campaign, Shermans March to the Sea, and Andersonville. c. Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states, emphasizing Freedmens Bureau, sharecropping and tenant farming, Reconstruction plans, 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments to the Constitution, Henry McNeal Turner and the Ku Klux Klan.

Slide 2

Confederate fortifications, Yorktown, VA

Slide 3

The War Begins in 1861 In April of 1861, after South Carolina fights to keep Ft. Sumter, four more states secede from the Union and the Confederate States of America, CSA is formed.

Slide 4

Lincoln tries to Preserve the Union Even though he faces opposition, Lincoln focuses on the preservation of the United States, (the Union) He does not agree with slavery but does not want to initially push the issue He takes volunteers and also begins using a draft to build up the army. Both sides think if there is war, it will end quickly

Slide 5

The Confederacy President-Jefferson Davis Vice President- Alexander Stephens (from GA) The cabinet of the Confederate States at Montgomery, 1861 June 1, Harpers Weekly

Slide 6

Resources of Each Side NorthSouth 23 states 22 million people Trained army and navy 22,000 miles of Railroad track 100,000 factories with 1.1 million workers 11 states 9 million people(about 4 million were slaves) No standing army or navy 9,000 miles of Railroad track 20,000 factories with 100,000 workers

Slide 7

Rating the North & the South

Slide 8

Resources: North & the South

Slide 9

War Strategies NorthernSouthern Anaconda Plan with a blockade of Confederate ports including the Mississippi River (to prevent southern trade with foreign countries) Capture the Confederate capitol of Richmond Destroy the Confederates on the battlefield Lay waste to the land so Southerners would stop supporting the war King Cotton Diplomacy- support from England and France who trade cotton for their textile mills Wear down the invading Union and weaken Northern support for the war Sink Union ships and evade the blockade to continue trading and keep the ports open Win a strategic victory on Union Soil

Slide 10

Overview of Civil War Strategy: Anaconda Plan Overview of Civil War Strategy: Anaconda Plan

Slide 11

Famous leader from the North U.S. Grant gen. U.S.A Graduated West Point in 1843 Spent much of the Civil War in the Western Campaign Aggressor/victor in the Battle of Shiloh and Vicksburg Became the Commanding General of the United States Army from 1864 to 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Elected the 18 th President

Slide 12

Sherman, a Northern Leader Maj. Gen.Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, after capturing Atlanta in 1864, led his March to the SeaWilliam Tecumseh Sherman

Slide 13

Brady, Mathew B., ca. 1823-1896Brady, Mathew B., ca. 1823-1896,photographer General Robert E. Lee Graduated top in his class from West Point and served on its faculty Spent 32 years in the U.S. Army Asked by Lincoln to serve as Commander of the Union Army Declined this offer when his home State of VA seceded Became senior military advisor to President Davis of the CSA Later became the commander of the Confederate eastern army or The Army of Northern Virginia Loved by his troops and considered one of the best military minds of his time Surrendered to Grant at AppomattoxAppomattox Court HouseCourt House on April 9, 1865

Slide 14

Graduated from West Point in 1846, and served in the U.S. Army Corp commander of the Amy of Northern Virginia Gifted and brilliant military mind, became part of the faculty of VA Military Institute Shot at the Battle of Chancellorsville and died eight days later of pneumonia Thomas Jonathan Stonewall Jackson

Slide 15

The Progress of War: 1861-1865

Slide 16

Major Battles 1 st Manassas/ 1 st Bull Run: thinking an invasion of Richmond would bring a quick end to the war, the Union marches into VA Jackson received his famous nickname Stonewall from this battle because he stood his ground like a stone wall

Slide 17

Battle of Antietam Creek/Sharpsburg, MD One of few battles on Union soil Bloodiest single day of fighting in all of US history Three phases of fighting: corn field, sunken road and Antietam Creek bridge McClellan fails to destroy Lee's army Tactically inconclusive but Lincoln sees it as a positive event because Lee retreats back to VA so he issues his Emancipation Proclamation

Slide 18

Emancipation Proclamation, September 22, 1862 This document ultimately discouraged the British and French governments from helping the Confederacy Lincoln uses his power as Commander-in-Chief to free the slaves in the Confederate States; he issued the executive order that the slaves of any state that did not return to the Union would be free Slavery, not preserving the Union, is now a primary reason for fighting the war

Slide 19

The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

Slide 20

Gettysburg Second battle on Union soil Battle lasted three days, July 1-3, 1863 During the first day of fighting the Confederates were very successful, on the second the Union held their ground and on the third Picketts Charge was repulsed leaving Lee no other option but to retreat back to Virginia Major turning point in the war due to heavy casualties, the Confederacy never regained enough replacements while the Union had many more men to draft

Slide 21

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

Slide 22

Gettysburg Casualties

Slide 23

Gettysburg, Pa. Confederate dead gathered for burial at the edge of the Rose woods, July 5, 1863

Slide 24

Chickamauga, GA September 1920, 1863 One of the most significant Union defeats Gen. Braxton Bragg should have followed the Union retreat to Chattanooga Federal camp by the Tennessee River,

Slide 25

Kennesaw Mt. and the Atlanta Campaign Battle of Kennesaw Mt. was the last Confederate victory before Atlanta falls fought on June 27, 1864 Johnston blocked Shermans path to Atlanta with fortifications on Kennesaw Mt. The Union army eventually went around the Mt. and headed toward Atlanta, an important railroad and supply center for the Confederacy September 2,1864, Atlanta falls to Union forces and this politically helps Lincoln get re-elected

Slide 26

Shermans March to the Sea After Sherman captured Atlanta he sent his troops through GA to Savannah, Nov.-Dec. 1864 He operated without supply lines and took what he needed along the way, resulting in complete destruction of industry, infrastructure and civilian property (Total War)

Slide 27

Shermans March through Georgia` to the Sea, 1864

Slide 28

Andersonville, A Prisoner of War Camp Andersonville was a Confederate POW camp that was overcrowded with too many prisoners and extremely undersupplied which caused many to die.

Slide 29

Inventions/ Innovations Telegraph o Davis uses it to gather forces for Shiloh. o Fredericksburg sees first extensive use on the battlefield. Railway o Greatly changes logistics and strategic maneuvers. o North had good system; South had acceptable quantity, but no standardized track width and poor bedding for the rails.

Slide 30

WEAPONS Rifle (muzzle loader) greatly changes tactics, although most leaders are slow to grasp its impact. o Cold Harbor 2k dead in twenty minutes, another 5k wounded. Calvary is not used to charge/exploit, but to scout/skirmish. o reconnaissance

Slide 31

Casualties on Both Sides

Slide 32

Civil War Deaths in Comparison to Other Wars

Slide 33

Reconstruction Era Lincoln had a plan to rebuild the south and restore it to the Union o It was to be quick and easy o Everyone would be pardoned(except high ranking officials) and when 10% of the voters take a loyalty oath the state would be permitted back into the Union Johnson takes over when Lincoln is assassinated o His plan was much like Lincolns but expanded the group that would not be granted the general pardon o In this group he included large property owners and they had to apply to the president for their pardon o Declared that Reconstruction was complete because the war goals were met, national unity and an end to slavery Congress and the Radical Republicans take over in 1866, (felt it was their job to be in control Reconstruction) o They returned the South to military control, and overruled Johnsons veto o Passed the 14 th and 15 th Amendments o By 1877 Army intervention in the South ceases and Republican control collapses

Slide 34

Freedmans Bureau Key agency during Reconstruction; Bureau of Refugees, Freedman, and Abandoned Lands Initiated by President Lincoln in March of 1865 and intended to last for one year Was part of the War Dept. Designed to help former slaves and poor whites cope with their everyday problems Main job was to help set up work opportunities and supervise labor contracts, as well as help with education and other daily necessities like food and clothing

Slide 35

Making a living doing what they know SharecroppingTenant Farming Landowners provide the land for farming, the tools, the shelter, the seed, the animals and the fertilizers Worker agrees to share the harvest for the use of the land and the credit of supplies Landowners provide the land for farming and the shelter, the tenant usually owns his own tools and animals Worker agrees to share the harvest for the use of the land and usually makes a little more than a sharecropper because less use of credit is needed

Slide 36

Opposition to the Reconstruction Plans This opposition sometimes took violent measures Ku Klux Klan was a secret organization that tried to prevent the newly freed slaves from exercising their new rights They did this through intimidation, beatings, and murder This appeared in Harper's WeeklyHarper's Weekly January 27, 1872 Three Ku Klux Klan members arrested in Mississippi, September Mississippi 1871, for the attempted murder of an entire family.

Slide 37

New Amendments 13 th Amendment: makes slavery illegal 14 th Amendment: granted citizenship to the freedmen (remember the Dred Scott decision) and forbade any state from discrimination, states could not deny anyone equal protection of the law 15 th Amendment: gave all male citizens the right to vote ( The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the U.S or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude )

Slide 38

Henry McNeal Turner Elected to the Georgia Legislature in 1868, part of the new legislators elected during Reconstruction

Slide 39

Review The War began in April of 1861 and ends in April of 1865 Each side creates strategies and the CSA has to create their own government and army Most battles are fought on Confederate soil, many in VA Following the war there is a turbulent period known as Reconstruction The newly freed slaves begin adjusting to freedom with the help of the Freedmens Bureau New amendments are passed to enable the freed slaves the ability to enjoy Constitutional Rights