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Page 1: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Class Slides Set 21

Tools and Technologies I

Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Page 2: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Tools and TechnologiesTools and Technologies

•lithic (stone)

•bone, tooth, horn / antler

Page 3: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Tools and TechnologiesTools and Technologies

•lithic (stone)

•bone, tooth, horn / antler

Page 4: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

http://anthro.palomar.edu/homo/glossary.htm

Page 5: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

osteo = "bone"

donto = "tooth"

keratic = "horn"

osteodontokeratic

Page 6: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

osteo = "bone"

osteodontokeratic

Page 7: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Harappa (c. 3300-2800 B.C.)p. 466

Page 8: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Magdalenian bone artifact.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 332.

Page 9: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

osteo = "bone"

donto = "tooth"

osteodontokeratic

Page 10: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

http://www.sfu.ca/archaeology/museum/ask/a6.htm

Page 11: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

osteo = "bone"

donto = "tooth"

keratic = "horn"

osteodontokeratic

Page 12: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping knife,

with inset flint blades.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 393.

Page 13: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Devon Island, High Arctic Canada.http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticArchStuff/TLArts.html

Page 14: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Tools and TechnologiesTools and Technologies

•lithic (stone)

•bone, tooth, horn / antler

Page 15: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Stone Tools and TechnologiesStone Tools and Technologies

• basic types

• basic techniques of manufacture

• basic tool uses

• Upper Paleolithic traditions

lithic

tools

Page 16: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Stone Tools and TechnologiesStone Tools and Technologies

• basic types

• basic techniques of manufacture

• basic tool uses

• Upper Paleolithic traditions

lithic

tools

Page 17: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

tradition

horizon

Page 18: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

similarity of elements over considerable time in a delimited area

– site, locality or region

tradition

Page 19: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

UpperPaleolithictraditions

(SW France)

Page 20: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

p. 330Upper

Paleolithictraditions

(SW France)

Page 21: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

Page 22: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 132.

Solutrean

Page 23: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Solutrean blade.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

Page 24: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Solutrean blade.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.

Page 25: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

Page 26: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Source: Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 132.

Magdalenian

Page 27: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticArchStuff/TLArts.html

Page 28: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 331.

Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the carving.

Page 29: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

tradition

horizon

Page 30: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

similarity of elements over a large area during a “short” time span

horizon

Page 31: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Time line for New World Civililzations.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 479.

Page 32: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

characteristic item that marks an identifiable horizon

horizon marker

Page 33: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Toltec-style serpentine columns and Chacmool. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 491.

Toltecserpentine

columns

Toltecchacmool

Page 34: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

flake tools

core tools

Page 35: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

flake tools

the smaller pieces struck off of a stone

Page 36: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Core and flake.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.

Page 37: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Major types of North American Paleo-Indian projectile points.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 386.

Clovis Folsom Plano Dalton

Page 38: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Burin. Solutrean blade.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

Page 39: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

what is left over after a flake has been struck off

of a stone

core

Page 40: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Core and flake.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.

Page 41: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Stone Tools and TechnologiesStone Tools and Technologies

• basic types

• basic techniques of manufacture

• basic tool uses

• Upper Paleolithic traditions

lithic

tools

Page 42: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Page 43: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

#1

pebble

tools

Page 44: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

rounded stone (pebble) struck with a similar stone (hammerstone),which creates a jagged edge,

that serves as a chopping edge

pebble toolsaka “choppers”

Page 45: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological Industries and Hominids.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 298.

sometimes

pebble tools

are also

known

as

“Oldowan

choppers”

Page 46: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

http://lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/oldowanstonetools.htm

Page 47: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

#2

Core and flake

tools

are

“bifacial

handaxes”

Page 48: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

• Clactonian (flake)

• Acheulean (core)

• Abbevillian (core)

Lower Paleolithic European and African

bifacial hand axes

Page 49: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

• Clactonian (flake)

• Acheulean (core)

• Abbevillian (core)

Lower Paleolithic European and African

bifacial hand axes

Page 50: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

bifacial

handaxesAbbevillian

aka “primitive”hand axes

Page 51: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/w/x/wxk116/axe/

Page 52: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 115.

Page 53: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Page 54: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

• Clactonian (flake)

• Acheulean (core)

• Abbevillian (core)

Lower Paleolithic European and African

bifacial hand axes

Page 55: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Acheulean

bifacial

handaxes

Page 56: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological Industries and Hominids.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 298.

Page 57: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Acheulian biface (“hand axe”).

Richard Effland, Maricopa College

http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/~reffland/anthropology/learning/index.html
http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/~reffland/anthropology/origins/Koobi/koobi8.html
Page 58: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Page 59: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Acheulian biface (“hand axe”).

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 278.

Page 60: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Acheulian tools, mainly hand axes, from Olorgesailie, Kenya.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 278.

Page 61: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

• Clactonian (flake)

• Acheulean (core)

• Abbevillian (core)

Lower Paleolithic European and African

bifacial hand axes

Page 62: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Page 63: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/w/x/wxk116/axe/

Page 64: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

http://www.dartfordarchive.org.uk/early_history/magnified/clactonian_flake_tools.html

Page 65: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

#3 bladetools

Page 66: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

•a flake tool that is at least twice as long as it is wide

•a thin-edged fragment removed from a core

blade tool

Page 67: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Burin. Solutrean blade.Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

Page 68: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Solutrean blade.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.

Page 69: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

http://lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/cloviswheredidcomefrompage2.htm

Page 70: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

having a notched edge or sawlike teeth

serrated

Page 71: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Page 72: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

with a furrow or groove

fluted

Page 73: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 112.

fluting

Page 74: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

#4 microliths

Page 75: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

small stone tools usually produced from narrow blades punched from a core

“micro” = “small” “lith” = “stone”

microliths

Page 76: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Page 77: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 213.

Page 78: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

made of several partse.g., harpoon, sickle, hammer . . .

compound(composite)

Page 79: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Page 80: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Page 81: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

European Mesolithic stone axe in its antler sleeve,

Shaped to fit into the socket of a missing wooden handle.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 389.

Page 82: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping knife,

with inset flint blades.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 393.Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 393.

Page 83: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

with a “handle”

hafted

Page 84: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Clovis fluted points in simulated mountings.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 384.

Page 85: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1766683.stm

Page 86: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 106.

Page 87: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 114.

Page 88: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Page 89: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Page 90: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 114.

Page 91: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

“spear thrower” (Nahuatl, Aztec)

atlatl

Page 92: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 331.

Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the carving.

Page 93: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Page 94: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

#5 choppercopping

andflaketools

Page 95: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

GlossaryGlossary

“chopper-chopping [flake] tools” . . .

Page 96: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Page 97: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Page 98: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types
Page 99: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Movius Line

Page 100: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Campbell and Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed, p. 334.

Movius Line

Page 101: Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

To Class Slides Set 22

Next: Tools and Technologies II

Making and Using Lithic Tools


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