clean indoor air in pennsylvania a tobacco control presentation for (insert name of organization...

Clean indoor air in Pennsylvania

A tobacco control presentation for

(INSERT NAME OF ORGANIZATION HERE)

Pennsylvania Alliance to Control Tobacco

www.pactonline.org

What is clean indoor air (CIA)?

CIA refers to the presence or lack of tobacco smoke pollution (TSP), also known as secondhand smoke, in a private or public space


www.pactonline.org

What is tobacco smoke pollution?

TSP, or secondhand smoke, is:• “Sidestream smoke” given off by burning

tobacco products

• “Mainstream smoke” exhaled by smokers


www.pactonline.org

4,000 chemicals• 200 poisons• more than 50 chemicals that cause cancer

Ingredients include:Ammonia (toilet cleaner); Acetone (nail polish remover); Arsenic (rat poison); Benzene (rubber cement); Carbon Monoxide (car exhaust); Cyanide (poisonous gas); Formaldehyde (embalming fluid); and Naphthalene (mothballs)

What’s in tobacco smoke pollution?1


www.pactonline.org

The deadly truth about TSP

• In 1993, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified tobacco smoke as a Group A carcinogen…it definitely causes cancer in humans…there is no safe level of exposure2

• Exposure to tobacco smoke is a leading cause of preventable death in the U.S. (53,000 deaths) and in Pennsylvania (up to 3,000 deaths)3

• For every eight smokers claimed by their own tobacco use, one person dies from exposure to someone else’s smoke4


www.pactonline.org

More on the health impact of TSP

• Tobacco smoke has the same dangerous effects on nonsmokers as smokers…cancer, heart disease and lung disease1

• A 2004 CDC advisory for heart patients: Secondhand smoke can turn deadly in as little as 30 minutes of exposure5

• In children, research has linked TSP exposure to asthma induction and more severe attacks; bronchitis; pneumonia; ear infections; low birth weight; and even Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)6


www.pactonline.org

TSP and the workplace

• Hospitality workers have the highest cancer rate of any occupational sector in America7

• Workers exposed to large amounts of TSP, like bartenders, waiters and waitresses, have a much greater risk (50 percent) of lung cancer, than employees in other work settings8

• Nonsmokers who are regularly exposed to TSP have a greater risk (50-60 percent) of heart disease9


www.pactonline.org

PA’s CIean Indoor Air Act of 1988

• Only restaurants with more than 75 seats that are not smoke free are required to have smoking and nonsmoking sections

• It has many exemptions including: private clubs; factories, warehouses, and other places not frequented by public; bar areas; public areas like lobbies and hallways; hotel and motel rooms; retail stores whose primary business is sale of tobacco-related products


www.pactonline.org

CIA around the world since 198810

• Nine states—including PA neighbors NY and Delaware—now have comprehensive smoke-free laws to protect workers; Others are California, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Montana (bars added in 2009), Rhode Island and Vermont

• More and more countries now prohibit smoking in restaurants, bars and other workplaces, including Ireland, Italy, Norway, Scotland and Sweden

• According to lists compiled by Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights (ANR), more than 110 municipalities have comprehensive ordinances


www.pactonline.org

What’s happening now in Pennsylvania…

• Two bills introduced in 2005— HB 1489 and SB 602—would prohibit smoking in nearly all Pennsylvania workplaces, including restaurants, bars, bowling alleys, bingo halls and private social clubs

• Committee hearings were held for both bills in fall 2005


www.pactonline.org

Background on proposed bills

Similarities• Both have 3 exemptions

1. Private residence, except for a licensed day-care facility2. A private social function where the area is under the

control of the sponsor and not the proprietor 3. A wholesale or retail tobacco shop

• Neither bill would restrict the institution of stronger local ordinances

Differences • HB 1489 includes exemptions for establishments with some

types of ventilation systems and smoking areas designated in collective bargaining agreements


www.pactonline.org

Ventilation: Does it really work?11

In a June 30, 2005, position document the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., announced…

“No other engineering approaches, including current and advanced dilution ventilation, ‘air curtains’ or air cleaning technologies, have been demonstrated or should be relied upon to control health risks from ETS exposure in spaces where smoking occurs…” The report concludes…

“At present, the only means of effectively eliminating health risk associated with indoor exposure is to ban smoking activity.”


www.pactonline.org

Smoke-free benefits: Health

• Healthier environment for all

-- A 2004 study in Delaware documents a drastic decrease in workplace pollution after the state’s smoke-free law took effect in 2002; The researcher concluded: “The best way to eliminate exposure of workers and patrons to tobacco smoke is to prohibit smoking in ALL workplaces, including bars and restaurants”12


www.pactonline.org


-- Another 2004 study compared the indoor air pollution in hospitality venues in 3 smoke-free cities and 4 cities where smoking is allowed, including Philadelphia…Air pollution was 82 percent lower in the smoke-free cities13

-- A 2005 program evaluation from the Harvard School of Public Health found that pollution decreased by 93 percent after Massachusetts’ smoke-free law took effect in 200414


www.pactonline.org


-- According to New York City’s one-year review of its smoke-free ordinance, average cotinine levels (metabolized nicotine) of city restaurant and bar workers decreased by 85% after the law went into effect15

-- In New York state, the number of hospitality workers who experienced irritation of the eye, nose and throat declined by 62%, 34%, and 45%, respectively; After the smoke-free law took effect, the number of workers who experienced morning cough also dropped by 46%16


www.pactonline.org

Smoke-free benefits: Economics

• Healthier bottom line for owners-- A 2003 independent study concludes that all impact studies not financed (directly or indirectly) by the tobacco industry indicate either a positive economic impact or no negative impact of smoke-free ordinances17

-- 82 percent of the 110,000 restaurant-goers surveyed for the 2005 Zagat Survey America's Top Restaurants®, believe that restaurants should be smoke free18

-- By a margin of nearly 5-to-1, Pennsylvanians are more likely to patronize smoke-free restaurants, according to PACT’s 2005 statewide educational survey


www.pactonline.org

Smoke-free benefits: Economics19

• Lower maintenance costs

-- The EPA estimates smoke-free restaurants can expect to save about $190 per 1,000 square feet each year in lower cleaning and maintenance costs

-- A Michigan survey of 2,000 smoke-free companies indicates that more than 60 percent saw a decrease in cleaning and maintenance costs

• Lower insurance premiums

-- Landlords and restaurants with smoke-free premises have negotiated lower fire and property insurance premiums; Fire insurance is commonly reduced 25-30% in smoke-free businesses.


www.pactonline.org

Smoke-free benefits: Economics

Even more customers are nonsmokers

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Behavioral Risk Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2004 report…

77 percent of Pennsylvanians

do NOT smoke


www.pactonline.org

More from PACT’s 2005 survey

63 percent…feel the right to breathe clean air without exposure to TSP is more important than the right of business owners to allow customers to smoke.

71 percent…are concerned about the effects of exposure to tobacco smoke pollution.

80 percent…want to prohibit workplace smoking across the state. The bottom line: While people have the right to smoke, they should be expected to smoke where it doesn’t threaten the health of others


www.pactonline.org

Selected references

1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2005). Report on Carcinogens. 11th Edition. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.

2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Repiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders,” published in 1993

3. “The Toll of Tobacco in Pennsylvania,” www.tobaccofreekids.org, website of Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids.

4. Glantz, S.A., & Parmley, W., “Passive Smoking and Heart Disease: Epidemiology, Physiology, and Biochemistry,” Circulation, 1991; 83 (1): 1-12

5. Terry F Pechacek and Stephen Babb, “How acute and reversible are the cardiovascular risks of secondhand smoke?” British Medical Journal, April 2004; 328: 980 - 983


www.pactonline.org

Selected references

6. National Cancer Institute (1999). Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 10: Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Bethesda, MD: NCI.

7. Wortley, P.M.; Caraballo, R.S.; Pederson, L.L.; Pechacek, T., “Exposure to secondhand smoke in the workplace: serum cotinine by occupation,” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 44(6): 503-509, June 2002.

8. Bates, M.N.; Fawcett, J; Dickson, S.; Berezowski, R.; Garrett, N., “Exposure of hospitality workers to environmental tobacco smoke,” Tobacco Control 11(2): 125-129, June 2002.

9. Whincup, P.H.; Gilg, J.A.; Emberson, J.R.; Jarvis, M.J.; Feyerabend, C.; Bryant, M.W.; Cook, D.C. "Passive smoking risk of coronary heart disease and stroke prospective study with cotinine measurement." British Medical Journal, doi: 10.1136/bmj.38146.427188.55 (published 30 June 2004)

10. www.no-smoke.org, web site of Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights (ANR)


www.pactonline.org

Selected references

11. “Environmental tobacco smoke,” position document from ASHRAE, June 30, 2005, http://www.ashrae.org/content/ASHRAE/ASHRAE/ArticleAltFormat/ 20058211239_347.pdf

12. Repace, J. “Respirable Particles and Carcinogens in the Air of Delaware Hospitality Venues Before and After a Smoking Ban,” Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 46(9):887-905, September 2004

13. Hyland, A.; Travers, M.; Repace J., “7 City Air Monitoring Study (7CAM), March-April 2004,” Roswell Park Cancer Institute, May 2004

14. Connolly, G; Carpenter, C; Alpert, H; Skeer, M; “Evaluation of the Massachusetts Smoke-free Workplace Law,” Harvard School of Public Health, April 4, 2005

15. “The State of Smoke-free New York City: A One-year Review,” presented March 2004, http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/smoke/sfaa-2004report.pdf

16. RTI International, “First Annual Independent Evaluation of New York’s Tobacco Control Program,” New York State Department of Health, November 2004.


www.pactonline.org

Selected references

17. Scollo, M., Lal, A., Hyland, A., Glantz, S.A., Review of the quality of studies on the economic effects of smoke-free policies on the hospitality industry. Tobacco Control, 12:13-20, 2003.

18. [n.a.], "Zagat Survey Releases It's 2005 Top U.S. Restaurant and Hotel Guides," Zagat Survey, November 1, 2004.

19. [n.a.], "The dollars (and sense) benefits of having a smoke-free workplace," Michigan Department of Community Health, [2000].


www.pactonline.org

For more information

PACT staffJoy Blankley, [email protected], ext 53

Jennifer Kulaga, Member Relations [email protected], ext 51

Don Schumaker, Communications [email protected], ext 54

ADD LOCAL CONTACT INFORMATION HERE….

clean indoor air in pennsylvania a tobacco control presentation for (insert name of organization...

Documents

sale of tobacco

tobacco use

tobacco control presentation

pennsylvania alliance

secondhand smoke

elses smoke

sidestream smoke

tsp exposure