CLIMACT Regions Project

The Energy Balance:a tool for energy planning

Conference on Climate ChangeObservatories of Greenhouse Gases and Action Plans

Valencia, 1 March 2012

Eng. Alex SorokinInterenergy Srl

ARE - Liguria

Ing. Alex Sorokin –

National Energy Balance

Italy - 2005

Note: All percentages refered to overall primary energy consumption

Efficiency of a car

Exhaust gas

Cooling system

Carauxiliaries

Frictionlosses

Overall Efficiency(motion)

20%

US Energy Flow chart

Provincia di Savona

Energy Balance

2004

Ing. Alex Sorokin - www.InterEnergy.it

Ing. Alex Sorokin - www.InterEnergy.it

Provincia di Savona

Energy Balance

2008

Provincia di SavonaEnergy balances2004 2008

Common practice today:Electricity and heat are produced separately

Today we produce:

1) Elettricity in large scale thermalpower plants

2) Heat in small domestic boilers

Ing. Alex Sorokin

Large q-ties of waste heat are dumped to the

environment

In many circumstances CHP would do betterCogeneration = Combined Heat and Power

Ing. Alex Sorokin

Supplying same final energy services CHP achieves primary energy savings = 30-40%

Trigeneration of elettricity + heat + cooling

CHILLER

Calorerefluo

Freddo =calore

sottratto

Da smaltire nell’ambiente

Energy balance of refrigerator Electricity consumed/ req.d to drive the frig

Cooling service supplied = heat extracted from the

building.

Waste heatdumped to the environment

At every node the energybalance must total «ZERO», i.e.all incoming energy must equalall outgoing energy

Energy balance of a 200 bed hospital

Heating & cooling demand during 1 year of a 200 bed hospital in Genoa

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Gen Feb Mar Apr Mag Giu Lug Ago Set Ott Nov Dic

MW

h/m

ese

Refrigerazione(acqua refrigerata a 7°C)

Riscaldamento Riscalda

mento

Postriscaldamento estivo

acqua calda + perdite distribuzione

Ing. Alex Sorokin

Energy balance of a large commercial building

Energy balance of a Combined Cycle CHP and polygeneration plant sypplying electricity, gas, LP steam, superheated water and refrigerated water to a large industrial facility

• Monitor GHG emissions

• Follow up the Air Quality Plan

• Compute the regional energy balance

Energy and Environmental Observatoryof the Region of Liguria – Objectives:

• Define pollutants emitted into air, soil and water

• Define classifications of activities relevant for emissions

• Use data on emissions measured directly at major Sources

• Estimate missing data such as unknown emissions by adopting appropriate emission factors and other data

• Manage a broad and validated database of emission factors of air pollutants and GHG

• Provide tables and thematic maps of emission data

• Quantify hidden emissions

Energy and Environmental Observatoryof the Region of Liguria – allows to:

Key Achievements

• complete integration of the air emission inventory within the environment and energy governance system

• efficient data management in a business intelligent environment

• integration of the information coming from the different modular systems

Energy and Environmental Observatoryof the Region of Liguria

• to obtain an overview / clear picture of energy productions, consumptions and energy flows in the investigated territory or facility

• To identify actions and quantify major potentials for improvements

• crosschecking between data from different sources, allows …

• to find and eliminate errors and to identify and quantify missing data

• To estimate the value of missing data (e.g. losses are seldom known)

• to monitor changes in time

• to develop scenarios and quantify impacts of future changes

• for planning purposes

Energy balance - a useful tool:

• to summarise, simplify and illustrate an otherwisecomplex issue

• To comunicate the principle outcomes of an energyaudit to decision makers, managers, politicians

• To avoid errors since the graph makes themvery evident

Sankey Graph – a useful tool :